The World Wide Web (Web) has become a key technology to provide access to on-line information. The Mobile Web users, who access the Web using small devices such as mobile phones and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), make errors on entering text and controlling cursors. These errors are caused by both the characteristics of a device and the environment in which it is used, and are called situational impairments. Disabled Web users, on the other hand, have difficulties in accessing the Web due to their impairments in visual, hearing or motor abilities. We assert that errors experienced by the Mobile Web users share similarity in scope with those hindering motor-impaired Web users with dexterity issues, and existing solutions from the motor-impaired users domain can be migrated to the Mobile Web domain to address the common errors.Results of a systematic literature survey have revealed 12 error types that affect both the Mobile Web users and disabled Web users. These errors range from unable to locate a key to unable to pin-point a cursor. User experiments have confirmed that the Mobile Web users and motor-impaired Web users share errors in scope: they both miss key presses, press additional keys, unintentionally press a key more than once or press a key too long. In addition, both small device users and motor-impaired desktop users have difficulties in performing clicking, multiple clicking and drag selecting. Furthermore, when small device users are moving, both the scope and the magnitude of the errors are shared. In order to address these errors, we have migrated existing solutions from the disabled Web users domain into the Mobile Web users domain. We have developed a typing error correction system for the Mobile Web users. Results of the user evaluation have indicated that the proposed system can significantly reduce the error rates of the Mobile Web users.This work has an important contribution to both the Web accessibility field and the Mobile Web field. By leveraging research from the Web accessibility field into the Mobile Web field, we have linked two disjoint domains together. We have migrated solutions from one domain to another, and thus have improved the usability and accessibility of the Mobile Web.

This research focuses on the design of an Extended Reality simulator for training medical professionals in Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) and pulse palpation. Existing pulse simulators have the disadvantages of being bulky, expensive, and unsuitable to be used as training tools. In addition, none of the simulators were designed to incorporate the auditory feedback of the pulse, a crucial component of continuous pulse monitoring. The developed simulator incorporates haptic, visual, and auditory feedback modes. In this work, we also conduct a comparative user study to determine the effect of multimodal feedback on different participants. Participants trained in the Audio-Haptic scenario outperformed those trained in the Haptic only scenario. These values could also be correlated with qualitative user feedback indicating that Audio-Haptic interactions were perceived as superior. With this simulator, we hope to provide medical professionals with an immersive and realistic training tool for learning the skill of palpating pulse. / Master of Science / The medical field demands accurate and precise procedures to be performed by doctors, with no room for error. Traditional training methods consist of the trainer demonstrating the technique and the student duplicating it, which increases the risk of medical errors. Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) is a program designed by the American College of Surgeons to teach physicians a systematic approach to treating trauma patients. Palpating and classifying pulses is one of the steps involved in the ATLS procedure. The majority of existing ATLS and pulse simulators are not fully integrated with haptic and auditory feedback, and there has been very little research on this topic. This work describes the design and development of an Extended Reality ATLS simulator with a pulse simulator for medical student training. We conduct a user study to determine how the Audio-Haptic scenario affects the learnability of palpating pulses and ATLS procedures. Our ATLS simulator aims to provide a comprehensive training module for emergency trauma response practice for medical professionals.

This study examines the importance of relevance criteria in end-user evaluation of valuable or high relevant information.

People today use the computer for many simultaneous work projects and activities. The traditional file system was developed for storing and retrieving files and it and the desktop have not evolved with users' practices. The first part of the dissertation presents a user study that generates a better understanding of the issues and practices regarding the organization of documents in support of activities. The second part provides the design of an environment to organize information based on an activity paradigm as opposed to an archiving paradigm and delivers the instantiation and the evaluation of a system based on such a design. The system, called Docksy, provides an environment structured in workspaces. Each workspace is segmented in areas or panels. Users can use documents as elements to structure their workflow or to manage their activities by separating files in the different panels, and by adding comments, tags, and flags. The Docksy design aims to create a flexible, lightweight environment that is easy to use and can be incorporated into users' daily practice, old or new. Such a system could be used to learn about users' practices and their evolution. Docksy was therefore developed for a double purpose; the short term purpose of testing new features (panels, comments, flags, and tags) and the long term purpose of facilitating learning about user practices. A study of Docksy use was conducted in which twenty participants used Docksy for at least two weeks and they were then interviewed. The study showed that participants valued the panels and the comment features. The results of the study showed the potential for changing users' practice and the potential for the system to be adopted by users.

Many practical applications of Virtual Reality (VR) technology rely on adequate immersive representations of 3D spaces and support of embodied, dynamic interactions with the virtual world. Evaluation of these properties remains an important research problem. This thesis aims at developing a method of conducting user evaluations of dynamic, full-body interactions in VR systems based on using support for perception and action coupling as a criterion for comparison. The thesis has three main components. First, the thesis starts by presenting an experimental perceptual evaluation study looking at distance perception in real and virtual environments. The results indicate that the choice of the method to report perceived distances (i. e. the type of action used to express perceptual variable of interest) may have a significant effect on the outcome of the study. We argue for the need to develop an approach to VR evaluation that holistically considers both perception and action. Second, we propose a theoretical framework to conduct such user evaluations based on the notion of affordances. The thesis presents the second experimental study that explores perception of affordances in a complex, realistic task of bicycling across two lanes of opposing traffic in a VR simulator. This experiments highlights methodological approach to studies of user's perception of dynamic affordances. Finally, we present an experimental study that builds on theoretical and methodological frameworks developed in the thesis to explore the effects of display type and locomotion modality on user performance in a dynamic VR task that involves synchronization of self-motion with motion of virtual objects. The results inform our understanding of the trade-offs involved in selecting major components of the VR system.

In this qualitative user evaluation participants in the project refugee guide, Falun, was interviewed about their experience of the project and how the project contributed to their integration into society and establishment on the labor market. The collection of empirical data has been made by six interviews. The results of the evaluation indicate that participants feel that they through the project had the opportunity to meet new people, practice the language and learn about each other's culture. The results also show that participants are satisfied with the project. Some participants expressed a desire to meet with several people at once while others don´t have that need. Furthermore, the interviews shows that establishment on labor market occurred through job placement and not through participation in the project. Integration proved to be a difficult concept to define, but the interviews show that the participants have a perception that it is about learning the Swedish language and culture. / I denna kvalitativa brukarutvärdering intervjuas deltagare i projektet Flyktingguide i Falun, om deras upplevelse av projektet och hur projektet bidragit till deras integration i samhället och etablering på arbetsmarknaden. Insamling av empirin har gjorts genom tre individuella och tre gruppintervjuer, i varje gruppintervju deltog två informanter. Resultaten från utvärderingen visar att deltagarna upplever att de, genom projektet fått möjlighet att träffa nya människor, träna på språket samt lära sig om varandras kultur. Resultaten visar även att deltagarna är nöjda med projektet. Vissa deltagare uttrycker en önskan om att träffa flera personer samtidigt medan andra inte uttrycker det behovet. Vidare visar intervjuerna att deltagare i utvärderingen har blivit etablerade på arbetsmarknaden via arbetsförmedling och inte genom deltagande i projektet. Integration visade sig vara ett svårt begrepp att definiera för deltagarna, men intervjuerna visar att deltagarna har en uppfattning om att det handlar om att lära sig det svenska språket och kulturen.

"We report the results of a series of crowd-sourced user studies in the formal-methods domain. Specifically, we explore the efficacy of the notion of "minimal counterexample" -- or more colloquially, "minimal bug report" -- when reasoning about logical specifications. Our results here suggest that minimal counterexamples are beneficial some specific cases, and harmful in others. Furthermore, our analysis leads to refined hypotheses about the role of minimal counterexamples that can be further evaluated in future studies. User-based evaluation has little precedent in the formal methods community. Therefore, as a further contribution, we discuss and analyze our research methodology, and offer guidelines for future user studies in formal methods research. "

This paper presents the designing process of Tourist Guiding app on iPhone. This app aims for assisting tourists to schedule their trip plan in detail. The designing process consisted of three phases: research, interface design, user evaluation. In order to focus on user-centered  research, two methods were carried out questionnaire survey, interview with participants. After the research was done, the results of research were analyzed and summarized so that the potential requirements were collected. Those requirements would decide the inclusive features of this app, such as navigation,plan a trip,search for transportation.  Meanwhile, the interfaces of this app were designed on the platform: Photoshop. Lastly, the paper prototype's evaluation was conducted with four participants. The valuable feedbacks was given and the improvements of the interfaces were done.

In this qualitative user evaluation, users from the Krami-programme in Borlänge have been interviewed on what they consider to have been positive changes in their social situation after participating in the programme. The respondents also point out factors in the programme that have supported these changes. The method consisted of interviews with five men who have undergone the Krami programme. The results show that Krami primarily helps the users to get an employment which results in the repeal of criminogenic factors. This plays an important part in the positive change of the users self-esteem, which tends to lead towards ”unlabeling” of the individual as “criminal”. The study also indicates other factors in the program that the users found helpful in their process of change highlighting the interaction between authorities, the approach of the Krami- staff and also the common rules that the participants has to agree upon. The users also poins out the importance of ones own motivation for changes to take place. / I denna kvalitativa brukarutvärdering har brukare från Krami-programmet i Borlänge intervjuats om vad de anser varit positiva förändringar i deras sociala situation efter att de genomgått programmet och vad i programmet de ansett har gynnat dessa förändringar. Studien visar att Krami främst hjälper brukarna att få ett arbete vilket i sin tur resulterar i upphävandet av kriminogena faktorer. Detta är en viktig del i en positiv förändring av brukarnas självkänsla vilket slutligen leder till ”avstämpling” från stämpeln som ”kriminell”. Studien indikerar också andra faktorer i programmet som brukarna anser vara betydande i sin förändringsprocess vilka är: samverkan mellan myndigheter, Krami-personalens förhållningssätt och de regler som brukarna måste vara överens om att hålla. Slutligen pekar brukarna också på betydelsen av den egna motivationens betydelse för förändring.

The goal of the thesis is to examine methods for presenting the outputs of simul- taneous speech translation systems to users. Compared to manually edited subtitles in movies, current translation systems achieve lower quality in automatic subtitling due to limitations of reading speed and space constraints. Therefore, this thesis examines possibilities of relaxing these constraints, achieving an improvement in overall quality of translated speech presentation. The work relies on existing translation and speech recognition systems, proposing methods solely for user evaluation of the presentation. It provides a thorough analysis of selecting the best layout from a number of presenta- tion options, recommending its usage given available resources. The experimenting is performed given our proposed interface for subtitling and testing. Additionally, the re- sults bring new insights to the relation between the evaluation methods, suggesting less time-consuming evaluation for specific usecases in future experiments. 1