Praziquantel is a drug of choice for the treatment of schistosomiasis caused by human species of the genus Schistosoma. The effect of the drug on avian schistosomes is not completely known. Monensin is a drug used for the treatment of coccidiosis, and its effect on avian schistosomes is unknown. In the thesis, we studied the effect of these drugs on avian schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti. Under in vitro conditions, both drugs were effective after 6 hours of incubation. Praziquantel causes an extensive vacuolization of the whole body, while monensis treatment causes vacuolization of the anterior part of body. Higher concentration of praziquantel causes depolymerization of myofilaments and separation of surface membranes. Monensin did not impair muscles, but caused separation of tegumental layer from the basal membrane. Schistosomula in ducks were not killed by the drugs under in vivo conditions, but the worms were damaged by the drugs. Praziquantel caused vacuolization of the tegument and separation of membranes from the surface. Only vacuolization of the tegument occurred in schistosomula from ducks treated with monensin . No damage to the muscles was observed in the case of both drugs. Histological evaluation of the nerve tissue showed that thero no difference between treated and control duck....

Ipomoea carnea, planta tóxica da família da Convolvulaceae, possui a suainsonina um alcalóide indolizidínico, o qual promove inibição da enzima α-manosidase ácida ou lisossômica levando ao acúmulo celular de oligossacarídeos não metabolizados adequadamente, causando vacuolização celular. A planta também possui outros alcalóides, as calisteginas que inibem as β-glicosidases, agravando o efeito causado pela suainsonina. O objetivo do presente estudo foi de avaliar as possíveis alterações clínicas, bioquímicas, hematológicas, neuroquímica e patológicas em caprinos tratados com diferentes doses de I. carnea. Foram usados 25 caprinos, divididos em 5 grupos iguais: 4 experimental e 1 controle. Os caprinos dos grupos experimentais receberam durante 4 meses diferentes doses de I. carnea: 2,5; 5,0; 10,0 e 30,0 g/kg/dia. Semanalmente, os animais foram pesados e avaliados clinicamente. Coletou-se sangue da veia jugular, quinzenalmente, para determinação da concentração de glicose, colesterol, alanina transferase (ALT), aspartato transaminase (AST), uréia e creatinina, e mensalmente para a determinação do hemograma. No final do período experimental, todos os caprinos foram submetidos à eutanásia e fragmentos de cérebro, medula espinal, nervo ciático, tireóide, miocárdio, fígado, rim, baço, pulmão, pâncreas e intestinos foram coletados e fixados para estudo anatomopatológico. Os resultados mostraram que os animais experimentais apresentavam nistagmo, tremores musculares, fraqueza dos membros pélvicos, incoordenação motora e ataxia. O estudo bioquímico revelou que os animais experimentais apresentaram menores níveis de glicose e aumento nos níveis de AST, ALT e creatinina. O estudo hematológico mostrou significante redução nos níveis de hemácias, hemoglobina e hematócrito. A histopatologia revelou alterações vacuolares no fígado, pâncreas, tireóide, células renais e em neurônios do sistema nervoso central. Os resultados apresentados permitem concluir, que a ingestão da I. carnea produz toxicidade para a espécie caprina de forma dose-dependente. / Ipomoea carnea, a shrub plant of Convolvulaceae family, possess swainsonine, an indolizidinic alkaloid, which promotes cellular accumulation of not metabolized oligossacarides, due to inhibition of acid or lisossomal α-manosidasis enzyme, causing cellular vacuolization. The plant also has other alkaloid, the calystegein, which inhibits β-glicosidase, aggravating the effect of the swainsonine. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the possible clinical, biochemical, hematological, pathological and neurochemistry alterations in goat treated with different doses of green leaves of the Ipomoea carnea. It was used 25 goats, divided in 5 equal groups: 4 experimental and 1 control. Goats from experimental groups received, during 4 months the different doses of Ipomoea carnea: 2,5; 5,0; 10,0 and 30,0 9 of plantlkg of live weight Iday. Weekly, the animais were weighted and evaluated clinically. Before the experimental period and every other week blood samples were taken from jugular vein in order to determine the and the concentration of the glucose, cholesterol, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinina, and every month to determinate the hemogram. At the end of the experimental period, ali the goats were killed and fragments from brain, spinal cord, sciatic nerve, thyroids, myocardium, liver, kidney, spleen, lung, pancreas, intestine were collect, fixed in 10% formalin and routinely embedded in paraffin. Results showed that the animais from ali experimental groups presented nystagmus, muscular tremors, weakness of the hind limbs, incoordination of movement and ataxia. The biochemical study revealed that these animais presented significant increase in the AST, ALT and creatinine levels, when compared with goats from control group. The hematological study showed significant reduction in the levels of hemoglobin, and hematocrit in ali goats that had been treated with Ipomoea carnea. The histopathology revealed degenerative vacuolar alterations of liver, pancreas, thyroid, kidneys cells and in the neurons of the central nervous system in animais that received the plant and these alterations were more prominent in goats treated with the higher dose of I.carnea. Thus, the results presented here permit to conclude that the ingestion of Ipomoea carnea, is certainly toxic in goat production.

Ipomoea carnea, planta tóxica da família da Convolvulaceae, possui a suainsonina um alcalóide indolizidínico, o qual promove inibição da enzima α-manosidase ácida ou lisossômica levando ao acúmulo celular de oligossacarídeos não metabolizados adequadamente, causando vacuolização celular. A planta também possui outros alcalóides, as calisteginas que inibem as β-glicosidases, agravando o efeito causado pela suainsonina. O objetivo do presente estudo foi de avaliar as possíveis alterações clínicas, bioquímicas, hematológicas, neuroquímica e patológicas em caprinos tratados com diferentes doses de I. carnea. Foram usados 25 caprinos, divididos em 5 grupos iguais: 4 experimental e 1 controle. Os caprinos dos grupos experimentais receberam durante 4 meses diferentes doses de I. carnea: 2,5; 5,0; 10,0 e 30,0 g/kg/dia. Semanalmente, os animais foram pesados e avaliados clinicamente. Coletou-se sangue da veia jugular, quinzenalmente, para determinação da concentração de glicose, colesterol, alanina transferase (ALT), aspartato transaminase (AST), uréia e creatinina, e mensalmente para a determinação do hemograma. No final do período experimental, todos os caprinos foram submetidos à eutanásia e fragmentos de cérebro, medula espinal, nervo ciático, tireóide, miocárdio, fígado, rim, baço, pulmão, pâncreas e intestinos foram coletados e fixados para estudo anatomopatológico. Os resultados mostraram que os animais experimentais apresentavam nistagmo, tremores musculares, fraqueza dos membros pélvicos, incoordenação motora e ataxia. O estudo bioquímico revelou que os animais experimentais apresentaram menores níveis de glicose e aumento nos níveis de AST, ALT e creatinina. O estudo hematológico mostrou significante redução nos níveis de hemácias, hemoglobina e hematócrito. A histopatologia revelou alterações vacuolares no fígado, pâncreas, tireóide, células renais e em neurônios do sistema nervoso central. Os resultados apresentados permitem concluir, que a ingestão da I. carnea produz toxicidade para a espécie caprina de forma dose-dependente. / Ipomoea carnea, a shrub plant of Convolvulaceae family, possess swainsonine, an indolizidinic alkaloid, which promotes cellular accumulation of not metabolized oligossacarides, due to inhibition of acid or lisossomal α-manosidasis enzyme, causing cellular vacuolization. The plant also has other alkaloid, the calystegein, which inhibits β-glicosidase, aggravating the effect of the swainsonine. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the possible clinical, biochemical, hematological, pathological and neurochemistry alterations in goat treated with different doses of green leaves of the Ipomoea carnea. It was used 25 goats, divided in 5 equal groups: 4 experimental and 1 control. Goats from experimental groups received, during 4 months the different doses of Ipomoea carnea: 2,5; 5,0; 10,0 and 30,0 9 of plantlkg of live weight Iday. Weekly, the animais were weighted and evaluated clinically. Before the experimental period and every other week blood samples were taken from jugular vein in order to determine the and the concentration of the glucose, cholesterol, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinina, and every month to determinate the hemogram. At the end of the experimental period, ali the goats were killed and fragments from brain, spinal cord, sciatic nerve, thyroids, myocardium, liver, kidney, spleen, lung, pancreas, intestine were collect, fixed in 10% formalin and routinely embedded in paraffin. Results showed that the animais from ali experimental groups presented nystagmus, muscular tremors, weakness of the hind limbs, incoordination of movement and ataxia. The biochemical study revealed that these animais presented significant increase in the AST, ALT and creatinine levels, when compared with goats from control group. The hematological study showed significant reduction in the levels of hemoglobin, and hematocrit in ali goats that had been treated with Ipomoea carnea. The histopathology revealed degenerative vacuolar alterations of liver, pancreas, thyroid, kidneys cells and in the neurons of the central nervous system in animais that received the plant and these alterations were more prominent in goats treated with the higher dose of I.carnea. Thus, the results presented here permit to conclude that the ingestion of Ipomoea carnea, is certainly toxic in goat production.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:16:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 joana c n de m faria - dissertacao.pdf: 692068 bytes, checksum: 9ce1455900ab8ef0aa8d6ecf07c0fa97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-20 / The indiscriminate use of agricultural pesticides, which contaminate the soil, water, and human beings, has become a problem that causes great concern nowadays. We studied the acute toxic effect of the herbicide Roundup® on animal behavior, tissue, and cells of the neotropical fish species Poecilia vivipara gills and liver in order to determine and compare their histoarchitecture, as well as to identify possible morphological alterations. The average lethal concentrations of Roundup® were calculated and, after that, the specimens were treated with acute exposure of this herbicide (24 h) at the concentrations of 0, 15, 25, and 35 μl per liter of water. The gills and livers were dissected, fixed in neuter formalin and Karnovsky s solution. The analyses, carried out using basic histological, classical histochemical, and morphometric tests, allowed the identification of alterations in the specimens treated compared to the control group. The alterations in animal behavior, tissue, and cells evidenced in this study confirmed the toxic effect of Roundup® on the model-test. Consequently, it is advisable to find a balance between the benefits of this type of product and the protection of the environment and human health. / O uso desordenado e indiscriminado de agrotóxicos, que acabam por contaminar o solo, a água e o homem, é uma problemática atual que suscita grandes preocupações. Os efeitos da toxicidade aguda do herbicida Roundup® sobre o comportamento animal, tecidual e celular das brânquias e do fígado do peixe Poecilia vivipara foram estudados para determinação e comparação de sua histoarquitetura, bem como para identificação de possíveis alterações morfológicas. As concentrações letais médias de Roundup® foram calculadas e, em seguida, os espécimes foram tratados com este herbicida em exposição aguda (24 h) nas concentrações de 0, 15, 25 e 35 μl por litro de água. As brânquias e os fígados foram dissecados, fixados em formalina neutra e em solução de Karnovsky. As análises, feitas por meio de histologia básica, histoquímica clássica e morfometria, permitiram a identificação de alterações nos espécimes tratados quando comparados ao grupo controle. As alterações comportamentais, celulares e teciduais evidenciadas neste estudo confirmaram o efeito tóxico do Roundup® para o modeloteste. Sendo assim, deve-se buscar o equilíbrio entre os benefícios da utilização desses produtos químicos e a proteção do meio ambiente e à saúde humana.

Utilisée depuis plus d'un siècle en chirurgie esthétique, la greffe autologue de tissu adipeux, ou lipofilling, est une technique sûre permettant le comblement des tissus mous. Cependant, bien que la technique ait connue de nettes améliorations au cours du temps, les chirurgiens font toujours face à une résorption du greffon qui oblige dans la majorité des cas à planifier plusieurs autres interventions afin que le résultat esthétique soit en adéquation avec les attentes du patient. Le procédé MICROFILL® a été développé dans le but d'augmenter le taux de prise de greffe en favorisant la survie cellulaire au sein du greffon. Cette dernière est optimisée par : un prélèvement et une réinjection de lobules adipeux de petite taille permettant de diminuer l'ischémie et la mauvaise nutrition des cellules - une élimination des éléments délétères (anesthésiques, cytokines inflammatoires) par un protocole de lavages et centrifugations non traumatique. D'autre part, au cours de ces dernières années, le tissu adipeux s'est révélé posséder un pouvoir thérapeutique plus important par l'hébergement de cellules souches mésenchymateuses au fort potentiel. Ces cellules sont présentes en grande quantité et facilement accessibles à partir d'une simple lipoaspiration. Cependant, la lipoaspiration implique bien souvent l'usage d'un anesthésique local et d'un vasoconstricteur qui peuvent nuire aux cellules. Nos études ont en effet montré que la lidocaïne, un anesthésique couramment utilisé, est cytotoxique pour les cellules souches du tissu adipeux, ayant pour effets l'inhibition de la prolifération cellulaire (arrêt du cycle cellulaire en phase G0-G1) et la nécrose des cellules. En revanche, une manipulation appropriée du tissu adipeux, se rapprochant du protocole MICROFILL®, permet de diminuer la mortalité cellulaire. L'effet délétère de la lidocaïne semble lié à l'apparition d'une vacuolisation cytoplasmique dont la nature est à ce jour non élucidée. De plus, la lidocaïne induit également un processus d'autophagie, dont les mécanismes moléculaires d'induction sont eux aussi inconnus et dont la finalité physiologique serait le maintien en vie de la cellule malgré le stress provoqué. Les conclusions de ces études mènent à certaines recommandations à suivre quant à l'usage de la lidocaïne en vue de la réinjection extemporanée de cellules souches adipeuses chez un patient. Aussi, dans le but de traiter les tendinopathies équines, ces études ont permis d'optimiser le protocole de prélèvement du tissu adipeux chez le cheval ainsi que le protocole d'extraction des cellules souches du tissu adipeux. Cette thèse a finalement permis de développer un kit à usage vétérinaire permettant de traiter les tendinopathies équines. Ce nouveau procédé de thérapie cellulaire a été testé chez des chevaux et s'est avéré très prometteur, permettant la régénération de la structure tendineuse et un retour au travail rapide des chevaux. / Despite the dark side of obesity in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, adipose tissue has been shown to be a good therapeutic tool. First, autologous fat grafting, also named lipofilling, has been used for over a century and represents a safe technique for soft tissue filling. However, although the technique has seen marked improvements over time, surgeons are still facing graft resorption that often requires overcorrection of the treated area or other interventions so that the aesthetic result is in line with expectations of the patient. Thus, MICROFILL® process has been developed in order to increase the rate of engraftment by promoting cell survival within the graft. The latter is enhanced by: - sampling and reinjection of small fat lobules in order to reduce ischemia and poor nutrition of the cells- elimination of deleterious elements (anesthetics, inflammatory cytokines) by a non-traumatic protocol involving soft centrifugations and washings. Furthermore, in recent years, adipose tissue has been found to have a greater therapeutic power by hosting mesenchymal stem cells with great potential. These adipose stem cells (ASCs) are present in large quantities and can be easily obtained from a simple liposuction. However, liposuction procedure often involves the use of a local anesthetic and a vasoconstrictor that can harm cells. Our studies have shown that lidocaine, an anesthetic commonly used, exerts cytotoxic effects on adipose stem cells, inhibiting cell proliferation (cell cycle arrest in G0-G1 phase) and inducing necrosis. Nonetheless, appropriate handling of adipose tissue, quite similarly to MICROFILL® protocol, reduces cell death. The deleterious effects of lidocaine appear to be related to the occurrence of cytoplasmic vacuolization whose nature is so far unclear. In addition, lidocaine also induces a process of autophagy, including molecular mechanisms of induction also unknown and whose physiological purpose could be cell survival despite the stress. The findings of these studies lead to some recommendations to follow regarding the use of lidocaine for the extemporaneous reinjection of ASCs in a patient. Also, in order to treat equine tendinopathy, these studies have been used to optimize adipose tissue harvest by liposuction on horses and the protocol of extraction of ASCs.Finally, this thesis has allowed developing a kit for veterinary use to treat equine tendinopathy. This new method of cell therapy has been tested in horses and has shown very promising results for tendon regeneration, knowing that treated horses could rapidly return to work.