Verb valency plays an important role in the description of behaviour of verbs and connects surface realisation of language with its semantics. Verb itself usually encodes several readings. Complementations of a verb help to identify correct reading of the verb. So far valency verb complementations are mostly studied from morphological and syntactical point of view. The purpose of this thesis is to examine possibilities of automatic identification of semantic preferences for valency complementations of verbs. The thesis discusses performance of system with different levels of available verb valency information in connection with cluster analysis. The thesis contains an evaluation section that compares available methods and their comparision.

This thesis aims to present several combined methods for the morphological processing of Turkic languages, such as Turkish, which pose a specific set of challenges for computational processing, and also aims to make larger data sets publicly available. Because of the highly productive, agglutinative morphology in Turkish, data sparsity---besides the lack of the publicly available large data sets---impose difficulties in natural language processing, especially with regards to relying on purely statistical methods. Therefore, we evaluate a publicly available rule-based morphological analyzer, TRmorph, based on finite state transducers. In order to enhance the efficiency of this analyzer, and to expand its lexicon; we combine statistical and heuristics-based methods for the named entity processing (and construction of gazetteers), morphological disambiguation task and the multiword expression processing. Experiment results obtained so far point out that the use of heuristic-methods provides promising coverage increase for the text being processed by TRmorph, while the statistical approach is used as a back-up for more fine-grained tasks that may not be captured by pattern-based heuristics approach. This way, our proposed combined approach enhances the efficiency of a morphological analyzer based purely on FST...

The present paper is an attempt to examine the restriction (determination) of the Process by circumstantial elements. Although the Process can be used absolutely, more often than not it is accompanied by other elements – non-circumstantial (objective complements) and circumstantial. The choice of a circumstantial element is mostly determined by the type of Process, tense and aspect. Two types of circumstantial elements are distinguished: 1) non-specific (i.e. circumstantial elements common to all Process types); 2) specific (i.e. circumstantial elements peculiar to a Process type).

Along with the increasing development of language resources - i.e., new lexicons, lexical databases, corpora, treebanks - the need for their efficient interlinking is growing. With such a linking, one can easily benefit from all their properties and information. Considering the convergence of resources, universal lexicographic formats are frequently discussed. In the present thesis, we investigate and analyse methods of interlinking language resources automatically. We introduce a system for interlinking lexicons (such as VALLEX, PDT-Vallex, FrameNet or SemLex) that offer information on syntactic properties of their entries. The system is automated and can be used repeatedly with newer versions of lexicons under development. We also design a method for identification of multiword expressions in a parsed text based on syntactic information from the SemLex lexicon. An output that verifies feasibility of the used methods is, among others, the mapping between the VALLEX and the PDT-Vallex lexicons, resulting in tens of thousands of annotated treebank sentences from the PDT and the PCEDT treebanks added into VALLEX. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

[pt] A sintaxe dos predicados existenciais apresenta uma série de dificuldades para os usuários do português brasileiro devido à possibilidade do uso de verbos sinônimos com estatutos sintáticos diferentes. É o caso dos verbos haver e existir, que têm mais de um ponto de contato causador de dúvidas para os falantes. As gramáticas escolares, como representantes da teoria tradicional, fazem pressão para que o uso desses verbos obedeça a questões de concordância e de ordem, com base nos conceitos de sujeito e objeto direto, tendo em vista ainda a pessoalidade e a impessoalidade dos verbos. Entretanto, o uso nos tem demonstrado que o desempenho dos usuários nem sempre leva em conta os pressupostos gramaticais; e a interpretação dos fenômenos, bem como a internalização das estruturas sintáticas na mente do falante, confirmam o choque entre o que é correto gramaticalmente e o que é corrente na língua. Os professores de língua portuguesa, cujo ensino tem fundamento na gramática normativa, como se a gramática fosse a própria língua, enfrentam o desafio de lançar mão das regras gramaticais em detrimento da naturalidade no desempenho linguístico. Esta dissertação traz um estudo dos conceitos envolvidos na sintaxe dos predicados existenciais, como sujeito, objeto direto, verbo impessoal, concordância verbosujeito, entre outros, e procura investigar o desempenho dos usuários do português brasileiro em frases com esse tipo de predicado. / [en] The syntaxes of the existential predicate present a number of difficulties to the user of Brazilian Portuguese because of the possible usage of synonym verbs withholding different syntactic ordinance. This is the case of the verbs HAVER (known in English as There is/are) and EXISTIR (to exist) which have more than one common issue thus causing doubts to the speaker. The grammar presented at schools, focused on sustaining a traditional theory, make sure these verbs fall into the same analysis given to other verbs regarding concordance and order, supported on the subject and direct object concept, regarding, yet, the personage of the verbs. However, the usage has shown us that it is not always that the presupposed grammar is taken into account, and the interpreting of the phenomena as well as the internalization of the syntax structure in the speaker’s mind, confirm the clash between what is grammatically correct and what is colloquial. Portuguese teachers, whose teaching is founded in normative grammar, as if grammar were the language itself, confront the challenge of laying hand of grammar rules over the natural linguistic development. This dissertation brings a study of the concepts involved in the syntaxes of the existential predicate, as subject, direct object, impersonal verb, subject verb concordance, among others, and seeks to investigate the development of the common Brazilian Portuguese spoken language in these kind of sentences.

This diploma thesis focuses on the French analytic predicates with event nouns with the suffix -ation. It is divided into two parts, a theoretical and a practical one. The theoretical part starts with a description of the analytic predicates and their caracteristics on which are based the tests used for identification of this type of predicates. It is followed by the description and typologies of the event nouns which represent one of two fondamental constituents of the analytic predicates. Then the work deals the process of nominalization, and the importance of the delimitation, sense and characteristics of the French suffix -ation is highlighted. The practical part analyses the most frequent French event nouns with the suffix -ation. First of all, a sample of thirty most frequent French nouns in -ation is selected, then the ethymology of these nouns is researched and their action sens is tested. After that, this work treats the valency of the action nouns and their collocability with verbs.

No description available.

No description available.

Title: Valency of verbs in the Prague Dependency Treebank Author: PhDr. Zdeňka Urešová Department: Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics MFF UK Supervisor: Prof. PhDr. Eva Hajičová, DrSc. Abstract: This dissertation describes PDT-Vallex, a valency lexicon of Czech verbs, and its relation to the annotation of the Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT). The PDT-Vallex lexicon was created during the an- notation of the PDT and it is a valuable source of verbal valency information available both for linguistic research and for computer- ized natural language processing. In this thesis, we describe not only the structure and design of the lexicon (which is closely related to the notion of valency as developed in the Functional Generative De- scription of language) but also the relation between the PDT-Vallex and the PDT. The explicit and full-coverage linking of the lexicon to the treebank prompted us to pay special attention to diatheses; we propose formal transformation rules for diatheses to handle their surface realization even when the canonical forms of verb arguments as captured in the lexicon do not correspond to the forms of these arguments actually appearing in the corpus.

[pt] Na descrição do português do Brasil, as expressões adverbiais locativas de origem e de meta, exigidas pela valência de verbos de movimento tetravalentes, apresentam peculiaridades quanto à realização nos enunciados. Neste trabalho, a análise realizada é de caráter qualitativo, com base nas propostas da gramática de valências. Examina a possibilidade de realização de cada argumento citado e as motivações, os efeitos gerados na sua relação com os verbos de que dependem. Os locativos que indicam meta e que complementam o quarto espaço dos verbos de movimento/direção possuem freqüência maior de realização, quando os verbos inferem transferência de lugar. Este trabalho considera o valor das preposições que acompanham os complementos e os advérbios que indicam o espaço dêitico. / [en] In the description of the Brazilian Portuguese, the valency of verbs of movement opens four spaces which are fullfilled by adverbial expressions considered locatives of origen and goal. These expressions present peculiarities regarding the realization in utterances. Based on the proposals of the valency grammar, an analysis of qualitative aspect was provided aiming to examine the possibility of realization of each argument mentioned and the motivations and results generated in their relationship with the verbs on which they depend. The locatives that indicate goal and complement the fourth space of the verbs of movement / direction occur more often when these verbs infer location transferance. This dissertation considers the value of prepositions that accompany the complements and the adverbs that indicate the deitic space.