This thesis discusses and documents the validation efforts related to two new test methods developed for the grading of asphalt cement. Asphalt cements that were recovered from a large number of regular paving contracts and trial sections in eastern and northeastern Ontario were tested according to LS-299 and LS-308 test methods. The LS-308 Extended Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) Method involves testing of asphalt cement in a regular BBR after specific times of conditioning at –10ºC and –20ºC. The LS-299 Double-Edge-Notched Tension (DENT) Test involves testing of asphalt cement in DENT configuration at 15ºC and 50 mm/min. Both these methods improved the ranking of asphalt more than that of regular BBR protocol as in AASHTO M320 method. Pavement contracts and trial sections showing little or no distress were made with asphalt cements having low grade losses in LS-308 and high strain tolerances as measured in LS-299. Hence, future implementation of these methods should reduce thermal cracking distress in Ontario roads. Besides, a number of other properties were investigated. All recovered regular contract materials were tested at –10ºC, –20ºC, and –30ºC after various periods of conditioning. Samples were loaded for 240 s, followed by unloading for 720 s in BBR, allowing the separation of elastic and viscous creep deformations. The regular specification parameters, stiffness (S) and relaxation ability (m-value) and also other performance-related properties were determined. It was found that the confounding effect of simultaneous elastic and viscous deformations and inadequate conditioning prior to testing in the BBR protocol are the most important reasons for the observed inconsistency in grading. These findings are in general agreement to those from the earlier LS-308 tests. The main reason for the poor performance is asphalt physically age during extended periods of exposure to low temperatures. Hence, those that are graded according to the current AASHTO M320 protocol are often under-designed for thermal cracking. The slow crystallization of waxes and precipitation of asphaltenes from oily phase is the primary cause for deterioration of properties. Besides, waste engine oils with other gelling agents like PPA, increase the chemical ageing tendency of asphalts and hence, thermal cracking distress. / Thesis (Master, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2009-04-21 11:34:36.946

Introdução: a musicoterapia pode ser definida, de forma simples, como um processo de avaliação e tratamento que utiliza técnicas e experiências musicais, no qual a avaliação possibilita não apenas estabelecer metas e objetivos, mas também verificar se estes foram atendidos. Em razão da falta de instrumentos traduzidos e validados no Brasil muitos musicoterapeutas desenvolvem seus próprios instrumentos de avaliação ou utilizam ferramentas de avaliação de outras áreas como forma de realizar as suas atividades. Entretanto é de ser considerado que a utilização de instrumentos de avaliação que não sejam específicos da musicoterapia pode resultar em avaliações imprecisas, pois não há garantia de que instrumentos de outras áreas tenham o mesmo nível de precisão e acuidade quando utilizados na avaliação musicoterapeutica. Justificativa: verifica-se uma carência de estudos de validação desses instrumentos tanto em nível nacional quanto em nível internacional. Ao mesmo tempo, não há registros de publicações sobre validação de instrumentos de avaliação em musicoterapia no Brasil. Objetivos: traduzir e validar um instrumento de avaliação específico da musicoterapia para uso no Brasil: a Individualized Music Therapy Assessment Profile (IMTAP). A IMTAP avalia dez diferentes grupos de comportamentos, fornecendo um perfil individual detalhado. Metodologia: a tradução e validação da IMTAP foi realizada através de um estudo transversal, no qual examinou-se as propriedades psicométricas de validade de conteúdo, validade convergente e concordância entre avaliadores. Resultados: as evidências de validade de conteúdo foram consideradas satisfatórias, exigindo poucos ajustes na revisão final da tradução. Encontrou-se boa correlação entre os avaliadores (CCI=0,98). Em relação à validade convergente, foram encontradas correlações negativas moderadas na comparação entre a comunicação expressiva IMTAP (idiossincrasias vocais) e a escala CCC verbal (r=-0,519) e não verbal (r=-0,468). Conclusões: a metodologia utilizada no processo de tradução e as propriedades psicométricas encontradas no estudo de validação habilitam a versão brasileira da IMTAP para uso no Brasil. / Introduction: the music therapy could be defined in a simple way as a process of assessment and treatment that uses musical techniques and experiences, on which the assessment allows not just establish goals and objectives, but also check whether they were reached. Owing to lacking of translated and validated instruments in Brazil, music therapists use assessment tools from other areas or developed by themselves in order to do their activities. However, must be taking account that the utilization of non specific assessment tools from music therapy could lead to imprecise results, because there is no guarantee that these instruments from other areas have the same level of precision and accuracy if utilized as a music therapy assessment tool. Justification: are observed a lacking of validation studies of these instruments even at national and international levels. In parallel, there are no records of validation’s studies about music therapy’s assessment tools in Brazil. Objectives: translating and validating a specific instrument of music therapy for use in Brazil: the Individualized Music Therapy Assessment Profile (IMTAP). The IMTAP assesses ten different behavioral groups, providing an individual and detailed profile. Methodology: the translation and validation of IMTAP were done through a transversal study, where have been analyzed the psychometric properties of contents of validity, convergent validity and agreement among evaluators. Results: the evidences of content validity were considered acceptable, demanding just a few adjustments during the final translating revision. Has been detected good correspondence between evaluators (ICC=0.98) indicating good conditions of IMTAP acceptance. Related to convergent validity, were found negative moderated correspondences on comparison between expressive communication IMTAP (vocals idiosyncrasy) and CCC verbal scale (r=-0.519) and non verbal (r=-0.468). Conclusions: the methodology used at translation’s process and psychometric properties observed during the studies of validation leads to admit an IMTAP's Brazilian version for use in Brazil.

Introdução: a musicoterapia pode ser definida, de forma simples, como um processo de avaliação e tratamento que utiliza técnicas e experiências musicais, no qual a avaliação possibilita não apenas estabelecer metas e objetivos, mas também verificar se estes foram atendidos. Em razão da falta de instrumentos traduzidos e validados no Brasil muitos musicoterapeutas desenvolvem seus próprios instrumentos de avaliação ou utilizam ferramentas de avaliação de outras áreas como forma de realizar as suas atividades. Entretanto é de ser considerado que a utilização de instrumentos de avaliação que não sejam específicos da musicoterapia pode resultar em avaliações imprecisas, pois não há garantia de que instrumentos de outras áreas tenham o mesmo nível de precisão e acuidade quando utilizados na avaliação musicoterapeutica. Justificativa: verifica-se uma carência de estudos de validação desses instrumentos tanto em nível nacional quanto em nível internacional. Ao mesmo tempo, não há registros de publicações sobre validação de instrumentos de avaliação em musicoterapia no Brasil. Objetivos: traduzir e validar um instrumento de avaliação específico da musicoterapia para uso no Brasil: a Individualized Music Therapy Assessment Profile (IMTAP). A IMTAP avalia dez diferentes grupos de comportamentos, fornecendo um perfil individual detalhado. Metodologia: a tradução e validação da IMTAP foi realizada através de um estudo transversal, no qual examinou-se as propriedades psicométricas de validade de conteúdo, validade convergente e concordância entre avaliadores. Resultados: as evidências de validade de conteúdo foram consideradas satisfatórias, exigindo poucos ajustes na revisão final da tradução. Encontrou-se boa correlação entre os avaliadores (CCI=0,98). Em relação à validade convergente, foram encontradas correlações negativas moderadas na comparação entre a comunicação expressiva IMTAP (idiossincrasias vocais) e a escala CCC verbal (r=-0,519) e não verbal (r=-0,468). Conclusões: a metodologia utilizada no processo de tradução e as propriedades psicométricas encontradas no estudo de validação habilitam a versão brasileira da IMTAP para uso no Brasil. / Introduction: the music therapy could be defined in a simple way as a process of assessment and treatment that uses musical techniques and experiences, on which the assessment allows not just establish goals and objectives, but also check whether they were reached. Owing to lacking of translated and validated instruments in Brazil, music therapists use assessment tools from other areas or developed by themselves in order to do their activities. However, must be taking account that the utilization of non specific assessment tools from music therapy could lead to imprecise results, because there is no guarantee that these instruments from other areas have the same level of precision and accuracy if utilized as a music therapy assessment tool. Justification: are observed a lacking of validation studies of these instruments even at national and international levels. In parallel, there are no records of validation’s studies about music therapy’s assessment tools in Brazil. Objectives: translating and validating a specific instrument of music therapy for use in Brazil: the Individualized Music Therapy Assessment Profile (IMTAP). The IMTAP assesses ten different behavioral groups, providing an individual and detailed profile. Methodology: the translation and validation of IMTAP were done through a transversal study, where have been analyzed the psychometric properties of contents of validity, convergent validity and agreement among evaluators. Results: the evidences of content validity were considered acceptable, demanding just a few adjustments during the final translating revision. Has been detected good correspondence between evaluators (ICC=0.98) indicating good conditions of IMTAP acceptance. Related to convergent validity, were found negative moderated correspondences on comparison between expressive communication IMTAP (vocals idiosyncrasy) and CCC verbal scale (r=-0.519) and non verbal (r=-0.468). Conclusions: the methodology used at translation’s process and psychometric properties observed during the studies of validation leads to admit an IMTAP's Brazilian version for use in Brazil.

Introdução: a musicoterapia pode ser definida, de forma simples, como um processo de avaliação e tratamento que utiliza técnicas e experiências musicais, no qual a avaliação possibilita não apenas estabelecer metas e objetivos, mas também verificar se estes foram atendidos. Em razão da falta de instrumentos traduzidos e validados no Brasil muitos musicoterapeutas desenvolvem seus próprios instrumentos de avaliação ou utilizam ferramentas de avaliação de outras áreas como forma de realizar as suas atividades. Entretanto é de ser considerado que a utilização de instrumentos de avaliação que não sejam específicos da musicoterapia pode resultar em avaliações imprecisas, pois não há garantia de que instrumentos de outras áreas tenham o mesmo nível de precisão e acuidade quando utilizados na avaliação musicoterapeutica. Justificativa: verifica-se uma carência de estudos de validação desses instrumentos tanto em nível nacional quanto em nível internacional. Ao mesmo tempo, não há registros de publicações sobre validação de instrumentos de avaliação em musicoterapia no Brasil. Objetivos: traduzir e validar um instrumento de avaliação específico da musicoterapia para uso no Brasil: a Individualized Music Therapy Assessment Profile (IMTAP). A IMTAP avalia dez diferentes grupos de comportamentos, fornecendo um perfil individual detalhado. Metodologia: a tradução e validação da IMTAP foi realizada através de um estudo transversal, no qual examinou-se as propriedades psicométricas de validade de conteúdo, validade convergente e concordância entre avaliadores. Resultados: as evidências de validade de conteúdo foram consideradas satisfatórias, exigindo poucos ajustes na revisão final da tradução. Encontrou-se boa correlação entre os avaliadores (CCI=0,98). Em relação à validade convergente, foram encontradas correlações negativas moderadas na comparação entre a comunicação expressiva IMTAP (idiossincrasias vocais) e a escala CCC verbal (r=-0,519) e não verbal (r=-0,468). Conclusões: a metodologia utilizada no processo de tradução e as propriedades psicométricas encontradas no estudo de validação habilitam a versão brasileira da IMTAP para uso no Brasil. / Introduction: the music therapy could be defined in a simple way as a process of assessment and treatment that uses musical techniques and experiences, on which the assessment allows not just establish goals and objectives, but also check whether they were reached. Owing to lacking of translated and validated instruments in Brazil, music therapists use assessment tools from other areas or developed by themselves in order to do their activities. However, must be taking account that the utilization of non specific assessment tools from music therapy could lead to imprecise results, because there is no guarantee that these instruments from other areas have the same level of precision and accuracy if utilized as a music therapy assessment tool. Justification: are observed a lacking of validation studies of these instruments even at national and international levels. In parallel, there are no records of validation’s studies about music therapy’s assessment tools in Brazil. Objectives: translating and validating a specific instrument of music therapy for use in Brazil: the Individualized Music Therapy Assessment Profile (IMTAP). The IMTAP assesses ten different behavioral groups, providing an individual and detailed profile. Methodology: the translation and validation of IMTAP were done through a transversal study, where have been analyzed the psychometric properties of contents of validity, convergent validity and agreement among evaluators. Results: the evidences of content validity were considered acceptable, demanding just a few adjustments during the final translating revision. Has been detected good correspondence between evaluators (ICC=0.98) indicating good conditions of IMTAP acceptance. Related to convergent validity, were found negative moderated correspondences on comparison between expressive communication IMTAP (vocals idiosyncrasy) and CCC verbal scale (r=-0.519) and non verbal (r=-0.468). Conclusions: the methodology used at translation’s process and psychometric properties observed during the studies of validation leads to admit an IMTAP's Brazilian version for use in Brazil.

Many low-income, first-generation college students have no other choice but to work to help offset the costs associated with earning a college degree (Savoca, 2016). Meanwhile, colleges and universities have the opportunity to leverage on-campus employment as a high-impact practice (McClellan, Creager, & Savoca, 2018). High-impact practices (HIPs) are known to increase retention, persistence, and completion (Kuh, 2008). If structured with intentionality and purpose, on-campus jobs can offer low-income, first-generation college students the opportunity to participate in a HIP, while simultaneously earning an income (McClellan et al., 2018). The purpose of this intrinsic case study was to explore on-campus employment as a High Impact Practice (HIP) at Intentional Validation University (IVU). IVU is four-year university that serves a disproportionate number of students who are low-income and first-generation. In addition, IVU had an explicit organizational commitment to incorporating HIPs to achieve higher levels of student performance, learning, and development. Data sources included 26 in-depth semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analysis. In addition to cultural and structural issues related to communication, the findings revealed that there were two contrasting student employment sub-cultures. There was the validating sub-culture that serves as an example from which the larger campus can learn. The opposing sub-culture was one that was invalidating to student employees. The student employee experiences with on-campus employment varied based on their working environment, which was most often influenced by their supervisor. The intentional supervisor created a validating office-environment that elevated the student employment experience to a HIP. Additional benefits of a validating subculture included further engagement with institution and access to and activation of social capital. Based on these findings, recommendations for policy, practice, and future research are advanced.

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No description available.

This study examined the efficacy of a social skills training program on the use of validating comments and negative comments by children with specific language impairment. The present study is an extension of a previous research project. Four children (three female, one male) with specific language impairment, ages 6 to 11, participated in a ten week social skills training program which involved direct instruction of target concepts, peer interactions with classmates, and evaluation of the use of target skills by reviewing videotaped peer interactions. The individual performance of each subject was compared to the age- and gender-matched typical peers with whom they interacted during the weekly game sessions of the intervention program. The intervention program was successful in improving the use of validating comments for three of the four subjects (AA, CS, and JH). The subjects' increased use of validating comments, however, did not appear to significantly affect or change the participants' use of negative comments. It was also found that, while individual performance improved, three of the four participants (AA, MD, and CS) consistently produced fewer validating comments than did their typical peers during the weekly game sessions. Follow-up data for the participants indicated that the three participants (AA, CS, and JH) who showed improvement in their use of validating comments over the course of treatment appeared to maintain their increased skill after the treatment ended. Possible explanations for these results are discussed, and recommendations are made for future social skills training programs.

Context In the last centuries, we have been generating and building infrastructure at a faster pace than ever before. Simultaneously the costs for labor and construction sectors as road and house building is increasing. This provides room for autonomous machines. The development of infrastructure is accomplished through highly efficient and productive construction machinery that progressively modernizes to form the society. In order to increase the pace of development, both cars and industry are getting more and more automated. Volvo Construction Equipment is exploring the autonomous vehicle space. The new machines complement and perfect the human work with efficiency, reliability, and durability. There is however, a question of trust between the human workers and the autonomous machines, I will in this thesis investigate methods on how to develop trust through communication systems with autonomous machines.   Objectives To create recommendations and solutions for products that build trust between human and automated machines on a construction site.   Method Outcome is reached through a case study exploration with validated learning, meaning that it will incorporate learnings through prototype iterations.   Results The result evaluates how trust could be developed between humans and autonomous machinery at a construction site and how communication methods between these parties could be implemented while maintaining high levels of efficiency and safety.   Conclusion Findings in this thesis indicates that trust is developed over time with reliable systems that provide colleagues with updated information available at any time. The results can be introduced in both today’s and tomorrow’s construction sites at various levels of advanced technology. / Sammanhang De senaste hundra åren har vi gett upphov till att bygga infrastruktur i en snabbare takt än någonsin tidigare. Samtidigt ökar kostnaderna för både arbetskraft och byggsektorer som väg- och bostadsbyggnader. Denna situation ger utrymme för autonoma maskiner. Utvecklingen av infrastruktur sker genom effektiva och produktiva konstruktionsmaskiner som successivt moderniseras för att forma samhället. För att öka utvecklingstakten moderniseras både bilar och industri för att möta en mer automatiserad vardag.  Volvo Construction Equipment undersöker det autonoma fordonsutrymmet för nästa generations maskiner. Automationen kompletterar de nya maskinerna och fulländar det mänskliga arbetet med effektivitet, tillförlitlighet och hållbarhet.   Det finns dock en fråga om relationen mellan mänskliga arbetare och autonoma maskiner, jag kommer i denna avhandling undersöka metoder för hur man kan utveckla tillit genom kommunikationssystem mellan arbetare och autonoma maskiner.   Mål Att skapa rekommendationer och lösningar för produkter som bygger tillit mellan mänskliga och automatiserade maskiner på en byggarbetsplats.   Metod Resultatet uppnås genom användandet av fallstudie forskning kombinerat med validerande lärande. Detta innebär lärdomar med hjälp av en iterativ process utav prototyper som testas och valideras.   Resultat Resultatet utvärderar hur förtroende kan utvecklas mellan människor och autonoma maskiner på en byggarbetsplats. Hur kommunikationsmetoder mellan dessa parter skulle kunna genomföras samtidigt som hög effektivitet och säkerhet upprätthålls .   Slutsats Lärandet i denna avhandling tyder på att förtroendet utvecklas över tid med tillförlitliga system som ger medarbetare uppdaterad nödvändig information tillgänglig när som helst. Resultaten kan införas i både dagens och framtidens anläggningsplatser på olika nivåer av avancerad teknik. / <p>Vissa delar är borttagan på grund av konfidentialitet.</p> / ME310 Design Innovation at Stanford University