Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T13:30:34Z No. of bitstreams: 5 36.pdf: 448536 bytes, checksum: a5dbf2e4dce517f8347874ee986cea66 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T18:39:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 36.pdf: 448536 bytes, checksum: a5dbf2e4dce517f8347874ee986cea66 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-27T18:39:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 36.pdf: 448536 bytes, checksum: a5dbf2e4dce517f8347874ee986cea66 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estimar os efeitos de popula??es, matrizes e idade da planta na express?o de vari?veis f?sicas, qu?micas e f?sico-qu?micas de frutos de pequizeiro. Colheram-se frutos oriundos de 15 matrizes em Curvelo e 15 em S?o Gon?alo do Rio Preto, Minas Gerais. A amostragem foi feita de maneira a se ter, em cada popula??o, matrizes com diferentes di?metros de tronco, sendo este ?ltimo uma estimativa da idade da planta. Para todas as vari?veis foram tomados dez frutos por matriz e as vari?veis qu?micas e f?sico-qu?micas foram avaliadas em cinco matrizes de cada popula??o. Avaliaram-se, em cada fruto, as vari?veis f?sicas: peso total; peso do mesocarpo externo; peso total dos put?mens; peso m?dio dos put?mens; n? de put?mens; peso total de polpa; e peso m?dio de polpa. As vari?veis qu?micas e f?sico-qu?micas, avaliadas na polpa, foram: umidade; cinzas; lip?deos; prote?nas; carboidratos totais; pH; s?lidos sol?veis totais; e acidez total titul?vel. O efeito de matrizes foi altamente significativo para todas as vari?veis avaliadas (P<1%), enquanto o de popula??es foi apenas para duas vari?veis (5%<P<10%). As estimativas das correla??es entre as vari?veis f?sicas avaliadas foram todas positivas, algumas significativas, enquanto que para as vari?veis qu?micas e f?sico-qu?micas observaram-se estimativas positivas e negativas, a maioria n?o significativa. As estimativas das correla??es entre o di?metro do tronco e as vari?veis f?sicas foram todas positivas, significativas apenas para duas vari?veis (P<5%). Para as vari?veis qu?micas e f?sico-qu?micas, observaram-se correla??es positivas e negativas, por?m n?o significativas. A sele??o de matrizes no campo para as caracter?sticas avaliadas que apresentaram correla??es n?o significativas ou significativas positivas deve promover ganhos gen?ticos nos descendentes se estes forem obtidos por propaga??o vegetativa, o mesmo n?o se podendo afirmar para descendentes obtidos por via sexuada. A idade da matriz n?o deve alterar os ganhos gen?ticos para estas vari?veis. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2011. / ABSTRACT The present work aimed to estimate population, mother tree and plant age effects on the expression of physical, chemical and physic-chemical traits on pequi fruits Seeds were collected from two populations and fifteen mother trees in each population, one located at Curvelo and another at S?o Gon?alo do Rio Preto, both from Minas Gerais State. The sampling was done in a way to sample trees among a range of trunk diameters, the last trait being an estimate of the tree age. Physical traits, evaluated on each of ten fruits sampled from all harvested trees, were: fruit total weight; external mesocarp weight; total weight of put?mens; mean weight of put?mens; number of put?mens; total weight of pulp; and mean weight of pulp. Chemical and physic-chemical traits, evaluated in five trees from each population, were: humidity; ashs; lipids; proteins; total carbohydrate; pH; total soluble solids; and total acidity. The mother trees effects were significant for all traits (P<1%), while the populations were only for two traits (5%<P<10%). Estimates of correlations among physical traits were all positive and some of them significant. For chemical and physic-chemical traits there were positive and negative correlations, most not significant. Estimates of correlations between trunk diameter and each physical variable were all positive, being significant for two traits (P<5%). Positive and negative but not significant correlations were observed for chemical and physic-chemical traits. Mother tree selection for traits that showed non significant or significant and positive correlations with trunk diameter may promote genetic gain in their descendents for vegetative propagation but the same assertion can?t be said when propagation is carried out by seeds. Mother tree age is not expected to cause any effect in genetic gains for these traits.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-26T19:53:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Simone Quinelato Bezerra.pdf: 1703088 bytes, checksum: c39ad4f0bc5fb8b05085a7e4684060b9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-26T19:53:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Simone Quinelato Bezerra.pdf: 1703088 bytes, checksum: c39ad4f0bc5fb8b05085a7e4684060b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / FAPERJ / Aiming to decrease the chemicals acaricide use and their damages, new alternatives for ticks control has been studied. Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. is one of the most studied fungi in agricultural pest management programs, since it has great acaricide potential. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize molecular and morphologically, as well as evaluate the virulent potential of 30 M. anisopliae s.l. isolates from different geographical regions, hosts or substrates allowing the selection of virulent isolates in order to be further investigated for field programs of microbial control of pests. Initially, the analyses of morphological characterizations of the isolates were made to confirm their identification. Each isolate had its conidial potential production evaluated. The colonies studied showed morphological characteristics consistent with those described in the literature. The colonies diameter varied between 29.66 mm and 51.33 mm among isolates. There was both length and width variation in the conidia and phialides in the same isolate, as well as the presence of grouped and solitary phialides. The conidial production potential was variable among isolates, but both conidial size and colonies diameter did not influence the conidial production; isolates with low conidial production showed similar colony size in comparison to isolates with high potential. In a second stage of the study, the virulence of these isolates was evaluated to Rhipicephalus microplus larvae treated with one of the four different conidial concentrations (105, 106, 107 or 108 conidia.mL-1). The lethal action of Brazilian M. anisopliae s.l isolates to R. microplus larvae were confirmaded with high mortality among the isolates, which in general was proportional to the conidia concentration of the treatments. Most isolates killed larvae population with 107 conidia.mL-1 concentration, however the most virulent isolates presented lethal concentration of 106 conidia.mL-1 with main percentages of mortality nearly 100% at day 20 after treatment. In addition, the genetic variability of these isolates was performed to evaluate their relationship with other species of Metarhizium sp. through RFLP-PCR analysis and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequencing. No specificity pattern was observed when isolates from the same region, host or substrate were grouped. Low genetic variability was observed among isolates, which were basically grouped into two groups. The CG 344 isolate was shown to be genetically distant from the remaining Brazilian isolates studied, but according to the ?GenBank? sequences comparison, it was related to the Metarhizium genus. It is suggested that this variation occured owing the lack of procedures that could generated morphological and molecular changes, which probably contribute to this low genetic variability. The present study allowed the detection of M. anisopliae s.l. isolates with highly virulence to R. microplus larvae, that may be considered potential biocontrol agents for this tick species, emphasizing the importance of molecular tools for identification and characterization of fungal isolates, ensuring the product quality, their success implement and the environmental track of the fungi at field biological control programs. / Na tentativa de diminuir a utiliza??o de produtos qu?micos e os danos por eles causados, novas alternativas para o controle de carrapatos vem sendo estudadas. O fungo Metarhizium anisopliae ? um dos mais estudados em programas agropecu?rios de manejo de pragas, pois apresenta grande potencial acaricida. Baseado nisso, o presente estudo objetivou a caracteriza??o morfol?gica, molecular e a avalia??o da virul?ncia de 30 isolados brasileiros de M. anisopliae s.l. provenientes de diferentes regi?es geogr?ficas, hospedeiros ou substratos, com a finalidade de selecionar isolados mais virulentos para utiliza??o em futuros programas de biocontrole de carrapatos. Inicialmente os isolados foram caracterizados morfologicamente para confirma??o de sua identifica??o, tamb?m sendo avaliado o potencial de produ??o de con?dios de cada isolado. As col?nias estudadas apresentaram caracter?sticas morfol?gicas compat?veis com as descritas na literatura. O tamanho das col?nias variou entre 29,66 mm e 51,33 mm de di?metro. Houve varia??o no comprimento e na largura de con?dios e fi?lides num mesmo isolado, assim como a presen?a de fi?lides agrupadas e solit?rias. O potencial de produ??o de con?dios foi vari?vel entre os isolados, por?m tanto o tamanho dos con?dios quanto o di?metro das col?nias n?o influenciaram a produ??o de con?dios. Numa segunda etapa do estudo, foi avaliada a virul?ncia destes isolados sobre larvas de Rhipicephalus microplus tratadas com uma das quatro diferentes concentra??es de con?dios (105, 106, 107 ou 108 con?dios/mL). Foi confirmada a a??o letal dos isolados brasileiros de M. anisopliae s.l. sobre larvas de R. microplus, geralmente ocorrendo de forma diretamente proporcional a concentra??o conidial dos tratamentos. A maioria dos isolados ocasionou a morte de metade da popula??o de larvas com a concentra??o de 107 con?dios/mL; os isolados mais virulentos apresentaram esta concentra??o letal com 106 con?dios/mL, com percentuais m?dios de mortalidade de larvas pr?ximos de 100% ao 20? dia ap?s tratamento. Al?m disso, buscou-se avaliar a variabilidade gen?tica destes isolados e sua rela??o com outras esp?cies do g?nero Metarhizium atrav?s da an?lise de RFLP-PCR e do sequenciamento da regi?o ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 do rDNA. N?o foi observado um padr?o de especificidade para o agrupamento entre isolados oriundos de mesma regi?o, hospedeiro ou substrato. Foi observada variabilidade gen?tica entre os isolados que basicamente se agruparam em dois grupos. O isolado CG 344 mostrou-se geneticamente distante de todos os outros, mas de acordo com a compara??o com sequ?ncias obtidas do ?GenBank? mostrou-se relacionado ao g?nero Metarhizium. Esta varia??o pode ser devido ao fato deste isolado ter sido poupado de processos que gerassem altera??es morfol?gicas e moleculares, o que possivelmente contribuiu para a pequena variabilidade gen?tica obsevada. O presente estudo possibilitou a detec??o de isolados brasileiros de M. anisopliae s.l. com elevada virul?ncia para larvas de R. microplus, podendo ser considerados potenciais agentes no biocontrole desta esp?cie de carrapato, ressaltando a import?ncia da utiliza??o de ferramentas moleculares para identifica??o e caracteriza??o destes isolados, contribuindo para a qualidade do produto, o sucesso de sua aplica??o e o monitoramento de um isolado introduzido no ambiente com finalidade de controle biol?gico.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2017-12-18T21:43:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_KamilaSobral.pdf: 1457947 bytes, checksum: 7c9ac5d23b1be9a47d34674e0490c6bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-18T21:43:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_KamilaSobral.pdf: 1457947 bytes, checksum: 7c9ac5d23b1be9a47d34674e0490c6bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / The genetic variability of the species Cocos nucifera L. that existing in Brazil is conserved in the International Coconut Germplasm Bank for Latin America and Caribe (ICG-LAC), which is located in the counties of Neopolis and Itaporanga d?Ajuda in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. Since from the establishment of the ICG-LAC some studies were carried out. However, this germplasm needs to be studied in depth comprising the morphoagronomical characterization, chemical and molecular evaluation in order to allow to estimate the genetic variability of the accessions. Thus, the aim of this work was to characterize morphologically coconut accessions (dwarfs and talls). The trials were carried out with eight tall coconut accessions in one cycle of production using 34 quantitative descriptors and with six dwarf coconut accessions in three cycles of production using 19 descriptors of fruits and 11 leave descriptors. The data obtained were subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses using the software GENES and Selegem. Among the accessions of tall coconuts the most dissimilar ones considering the morphoagronomical characters were Gigante-de-Rotuma and Gigante-do-Oeste Africano and they can be indicated as parents for coconut breeding programs. It was also found a great genetic variability among the coconut dwarf accessions of the ICG-LAC Bank, and this divergence was found to be consistent in the individual and joint analyses, including an analysis of maximum likelihood restricted (REML) taking into account a sample of morphological descriptors. The 14 coconut accessions (eight tall and six dwarfs) were used to perform a chemical evaluation of oil and their components in a cycle of crop production in two different field trials. It was found that some dwarf coconut accessions presented values of oil content similar to coconut tall accessions. Therefore, the best accessions can be exploited for coconut water as well as for production of oil and they can be selected as potential superior parents to be used in coconut breeding program. / A variabilidade gen?tica da esp?cie Cocos nucifera, L. existente no Brasil est? conservada no Banco Internacional de Germoplasma de Coco para Am?rica Latina e Caribe (ICG-LAC), localizado em Ne?polis e Itaporanga d?Ajuda em Sergipe, Brasil. Desde a implementa??o do ICG-LAC alguns estudos t?m sido realizados. No entanto, esse germoplasma precisa ser estudado em profundidade desde a caracteriza??o morfoagron?mica, qu?mica e molecular para se estimar a diversidade gen?tica dos acessos. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar e avaliar morfoagronomicamente e quimicamente acessos de coqueiro-an?o e gigantes. Os experimentos foram conduzidos com oito acessos de coqueiros-gigantes em um ciclo de cultura e usando 34 descritores quantitativos e com seis acessos de coqueiros-an?es em tr?s ciclos da cultura utilizando-se 19 descritores de frutos e 11 descritores de folha. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a an?lises univariadas e multivariadas usando o programa GENES e Selegem. Entre os acessos de coqueiros-gigantes avaliados os mais dissimilares pelas caracter?sticas agron?micas foram o Gigante-de-Rotuma e Gigante-do-Oeste-Africano, e estes podem ser indicados como genitores para programas de melhoramento. Foi encontrada tamb?m encontrada variabilidade gen?tica entre os acessos de coqueiro-an?o do banco ICG-LAC, diverg?ncia essa que se mostrou consistente nas an?lises individuais e conjuntas, incluindo uma an?lise de m?xima verossimilhan?a restrita (REML) usando uma amostra descritores morfol?gicos. Os 14 acessos de coqueiros (oito de gigantes e seis de an?es) foram analisados quanto ao teor de ?leo e seus componentes em um ciclo de cultura em dois experimentos separados. Constatou-se que alguns acessos de coqueiros-an?es apresentaram teor de ?leo pr?ximos dos valores obtidos pelos coqueiros-gigantes. Assim, os melhores acessos podem ser explorados tanto para ?gua de coco como para a produ??o de ?leo e s?o parentais potenciais para uso em programas de melhoramento do coqueiro.