Zugl.: Braunschweig, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2008

The Pioneer Venus Orbiter Infrared Radiometer and Venera 15 Fourier Transform Spectrometer observations of thermal emission from Venus' middle atmosphere between 10°S and 50°N were used to determine global maps of temperature, cloud optical depth and water vapour abundance. The spectral regions observed include the strong 15 μtm carbon dioxide band and the 45 μm fundamental rotational water band. The main aim of this thesis is to reconcile the water vapour abundance results from these two sets of observations reported in previous studies. New radiative transfer and retrieval models have been developed for this purpose based on new correlated-k absorption tables calculated with up-to-date spectral line data. The H₂SO₄ cloud opacity and scattering properties have been recalculated from new refractive index data using Mie theory. For the first time these two sets of observations have been analysed using the same retrieval tools. From the Pioneer Venus Orbiter Infrared Radiometer observations we report a high abundance of water vapour in the early afternoon at the equatorial cloud-top region and a strong day-night variability in the cloud-top pressure. From the Venera 15 Fourier Transform Spectrometer observations we report medium local variability in water vapour abundance, with highest values in the near-equatorial region and slight decrease towards the polar region. It is found that serious constraints are placed on the validation of the retrievals by the lack of adequately accurate H₂SO₄ optical properties data in the shorter wavelengths and by the poor vertical resolution when sensing the complex but interesting cloud region which prohibits its rigorous modelling. The proposed European Space Agency Venus Express mission will carry a number of high resolution infrared and UV instruments that will shed new light to the interesting question of water vapour abundance in Venus' middle atmosphere.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Venus and Adonis and Lucrece, though rarely studied, were Shakespeare's bestsellers: reprinted fourteen times during his lifetime, they generated considerable commentary providing rare accounts both of men and women as readers of Shakespeare and of Shakespeare's reputation among his contemporaries. This thesis examines issues of gender and sexuality in venus and Adonis and Lucrece by turning both to contemporary accounts of reading the poems and to the actual reading environment of Shakespeare's elite readers. The Elizabethan and Jacobean elite home was extraordinarily rich in visual images. Elite men and women read Shakespeare's Ovidian poetry in an environment itself furnished with Ovidian imagery. But connections between textual representation and the immediate context of reading -- by which I mean the actual rooms in which men and women read - - have rarely been examined. Despite claims for greater interdisciplinarity in Renaissance literary criticism, we still know very little about the habitats of early modem readers. However, questions of gender and sexuality currently examined in Renaissance literary criticism can be powerfully interrogated in the furnishings of rooms in which men and women read. Though little known to literary critics, the striking images that appeared upon the walls, chairs, chests and beds of Shakespeare's elite readers represent a rich source for studying early modern oeconomy -- 'or what appertains to the house'. In this thesis, I seek to show both how Shakespeare's bestselling works explore the making of oeconomy, and how his readers could have interpreted them in the making of their own oeconomies. In so doing, I explore the implications of reading Shakespeare in the early modem elite home.

Inaug.-Diss.--Kaiser Wilhelms Universität. / Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-Diss.--Leipzig. / Vita. The complete work (Th. 1-3) published in Jahrbücher für classische Philologie, 11. Supplementband, 1880, p. [639]-[754].

The objective of this research is to develop a mathematical model that accurately estimates the opacity of sulfur dioxide in a carbon dioxide atmosphere under conditions characteristic of the Venus troposphere based on extensive laboratory measurements. High precision measurements of the millimeter-wavelength properties of sulfur dioxide are being conducted under multiple pressure and temperatures. These measurements are being conducted in both W-band and F-band (2-3 and 3-4 millimeter-wavelengths). The results of this research will significantly improve the understanding of the millimeter-wavelength emission spectrum of Venus and possibly determine the source of variations in the Venus millimeter-wavelength emissions.

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L'étude de la planète Vénus est particulièrement intéressante car elle possède de nombreuses caractéristiques avec la Terre, des dimensions et une composition semblables. Malgré ces éléments en commun, ces planètes sont foncièrement différentes à notre époque. Vénus possède une atmosphère cent fois plus dense à sa surface que celle de la Terre. Cette atmosphère est composée essentiellement de dioxyde de carbone là où l'atmosphère terrestre est composée d'un mélange de diazote et d'oxygène moléculaire. La composition chimique de l'atmosphère vénusienne pose de nombreux problèmes aux chimistes. Vénus fait l'objet d'observations modernes depuis la Terre, de missions spatiales depuis les années 70 et l'ESA a lancé en 2005 la mission Venus Express qui est restée en orbite autour de Vénus jusqu'en décembre 2014. L'explication de la distribution et des concentrations des espèces chimiques mesurées est étudiée par une communauté de modélisateurs en parallèle des observations. Cependant, ces modélisations étaient contraintes à utiliser des modèles 1D qui contenaient de nombreuses paramétrisations. Durant ma thèse j'ai mis à jour un modèle chimique, développé au LATMOS, et développé un modèle des nuages de Vénus qui ont tout deux été introduit à un GCM 3D de Vénus développé au LMD. Ce nouveau modèle permet d'appliquer en 3D les hypothèses les plus récentes sur les cycles chimiques vénusiens, tels que la décroissance du dioxyde de soufre et de la vapeur d'eau dans la couche nuageuse, les variations en latitudes du monoxyde de carbone, la stabilité du dioxyde de carbone, la composition des gouttelettes des nuages de Vénus et la masse condensée dans les nuages. / The study of Venus is particularly interesting on many aspects. Venus shares many features with the Earth, similar size and composition. For, despite some common elements, these planets are fundamentally different in our time. Venus has an atmosphere a hundred times denser at the surface than the Earth and is composed essentially of carbon dioxide where the earth's atmosphere is composed of a mixture of molecular nitrogen and molecular oxygen. The chemical composition of the Venusian atmosphere poses many problems for chemist. Venus is the subject of modern observations from Earth and then through space missions of the 70 ESA mission launched in 2005 which remained in orbit around Venus until December 2014. the explanation of the distribution and concentrations measured chemical species is studied by a community of modelers in parallel observations. However, these models were forced to use 1D models that contained numerous parameterization. During my PhD I have updated a chemical model developed at LATMOS, and developed a model of the Venus clouds which have both been introduced to Venus 3D GCM developed at LMD. It allows to apply in 3D the latest hypothesis about the Venusian chemical cycles such as, among others, the decrease of sulfur dioxide and water vapor in the cloud layer, changes of carbon monoxide in latitudes, the stability of carbon dioxide, the composition of clouds droplets and the condensed mass in those clouds.