The project contains a force analysis of the vertical axis wind turbine Lucia's supporting arms and a measuring device to experimentally measure the forces is made. The forces between the supporting arms and the tower are calculated theoretically and then simulated by a computere. A measuring devise is then designed to measure the forces experimentally. The forces acting on the attachment between the supporting arms and the tower is primarily the centripetal force, gravitational force and the aerodynamic forces on the rotor wings. The maximum forces were theoretically calculated and is 13.38 kN along the x-axis, -0.25 kN along the y-axis and then 0.5 kN along the z-axis. The axis are acording to a rotational reference system where the x-axis runs along the supporting arm and the y-axis runs along the axis of rotation. The maximum torque that occurs is 0.53 kNm along the y-axis and 1.29 kNm along the z-axis. The size of the forces have been confirmed with a deviation of up to 1.8 % in the simulation using SolidWorks 2010. For the experimental measurements a measuring device has been developed which consists of S-load cells with wave indicator and transmitter, an attachment for the measuring equipment and distanceplates to stabilize the rotor. S-load cells, wave indicator and transmitter were ordered and drawings for the attachment of the measuring equipment and spacer plates was done. The eigenfrequencies and the stress have been investigated for the parts. The eigenfrequencies for the wind turbine was estimated to decline up to 13 % when the measuring device was mounted and the lowest Factor of Safety was 1.67. Before the attachment of the measuring device and the spacer plates can be ordered the attachment of the supporting arms, how the loadcells should be attached to the device and the safety margins need to be examined.

Next-generation wireless networks have been envisioned to be an integration of heterogeneous wireless access networks such as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Networks) and the IEEE 802.11 based WLAN (Wireless Local Area Networks). It is an important and challenging issue to support seamless vertical handoff management in such an integrated architecture that provides the mobile users uninterrupted service continuity anywhere, any time. In such a networking environment, the signaling delay of the vertical handoff is not fixed due to the traffic load in the backbone Internet, wireless channel quality and the distance between a mobile node and its home network. However, the currently handoff solutions implicitly considers the signaling delay as a constant value. In this thesis, we study a typical link layer assisted handoff, identifying its deficiency due to the considerably large handoff delay. We propose an adaptive vertical handoff management scheme for integrated UMTS and WLAN networks. The proposed scheme incorporates the idea of pre-handoff with adaptive handoff threshold. We estimate the handoff signaling delay in advance, therefore, providing the delay information required for making an adaptive handoff decision. Instead of setting a fixed threshold, an adaptive handoff threshold value is determined for every single MN based on the estimated handoff signaling delay. The RSS and the RSS's rate of change are used to determine the estimated handoff time instant. Extensive simulation has been conducted to verify the performance of the proposed handoff scheme.

Abstract Internal waves have been identified as one of the most active mechanisms producing vertical mixing in continental slope and shelf waters. The major contribution of mixing are due to internal tides, however, shorter period internal waves are unlikely to be the main source of energy for mixing, especially on the inner part of the continental shelf. In this study, we observe the vertical mixing of huge internal waves in the Dongsha Atoll South China Sea. These solitary waves were originate near the Luzon Strait, propagated westward across the basin, evolving into internal solitary wave trains and dissipated at the western shallow continental shelf. The wave energy and phase speed reduced significantly during the shoaling process. Internal waves and their likely related induced mixing phenomena are analyzed based on multiple cruises of observations consisted of CTD hydrographic measurements, water samples and moored thermister strings. Data analyses show that the mixing processes are related to depths of water and the interfacial of wave. For depression wave in the deep water zone, upper layer water may push downward producing vertical mixing beyond the thermocline. The mixing usually dilutes the nutrients in the upper layer of water column. Statistics suggest that the N:P ratio is 12:1 which is lower than the standard value (16:1) indicating the region is nitrogen deficit, similar to most of the surface water in South China Sea. The depression solitons in deep water may evolved to a packet of elevation waves in the shallow water area at ¡§turning point¡¨ of approximately equal depth of upper and lower layers. The mixing of shallow water internal waves can entrain cold nutrient rich water from the lower layer into the frequently nutrient depleted subsurface layer to enhance the local coral reef ecosystem. For example, CTD profiles (2008.5.7) before and after the passage of internal wave show large differences. The vertical density distribution has dramatic change. The column was stratified in two layers in normal condition. The internal waves perturbed the water column into stepwise multi-layer density distribution. The water at 50 m showed temperature decrease by 6 ¢J, salinity increase by 23 psu, density increase by 1.8 , fluorescence decrease by 0.065 £gg/L etc. The MODIS chlorophyll images confirm the high concentration fertilized by the internal wave pumping near the NE region of the Dongsha Atoll.

In this thesis, a simple vertical embedded gate (VEG) MOSFET process is proposed and demonstrated by using simulation tools of ISE TCAD and Silvaco TCAD. In fundamental electrical characteristics, we employed junctionless technology and two extra sidewall spacer gates to fabricate the Junctionless Pseudo Tri-Gate Vertical (JPTGV) MOS. According to numerical analysis, the excellent electrical characteristics such as subthreshold swing (S.S.) ~ 60 mV/dec and Ion/Ioff ~ 1010 are achieved at short gate length (Lg) 8 nm. In additional, our proposed VEG structure can also be applied for non-volatile memory. Using VEG structure to fabricate the SONOS devices have some features, it not only has three source/drain (S/D) terminals and two channels which can be operated independently, but also has two silicon nitride trap layers to provide the possible operation of multi-bit. We can apply different voltage in these three S/D terminals to achieve two bits or even four bits operation, thus the device has multi-bit characteristic is realized in this thesis.

To increase the successful rate of acid stimulation, a method is required to diagnose the effectiveness of stimulation which will help us to improve stimulation design and decide whether future action, such as diversion, is needed. For this purpose, it is important to know how much acid enters each layer in a multilayer carbonate formation and if the low-permeability layer is treated well. This work develops a numerical model to determine the temperature behavior for both injection and flow-back situations. An important phenomenon in this process is the heat generated by reaction, affecting the temperature behavior significantly. The result of the thermal model showed significant temperature effects caused by reaction, providing a mechanism to quantitatively determine the acid flow profile. Based on this mechanism, a further inverse model can be developed to determine the acid distribution in each layer.

Research Objective The purpose of this study is to profile market factors and organizational characteristics associated with community hospitals¡¦ vertical integration into a nursing facility through the lens of resource dependence. Data Sources Data for this study were drawn from three sources: the 2002 secondary data collected by Taiwan Community Hospital Association (TCHA) on a regular yearly basis; the 2001 secondary data compiled by Taiwan Association of Long-Term Care Professionals (TALTCP); and the 2002 area-based population data gathered by Department of Budget, Accounting, and Statistics (DOBAS) in local governments respectively. Study Design This study is a one-year cross-sectional design with community hospitals as the unit of analysis. A sample of 248 community hospitals was the focus of this study. Since the dependent variable is dichotomous, the logistic procedure was used to fit the regression. The analysis was performed using the statistics software, SPSS 10.0. Findings A higher ratio of the elderly, a high degree of competition, and the provision of dialysis and home care services spur community hospitals on to vertical integration into a nursing facility. Occupancy rate, the rehabilitative service, respiratory care service, high technology, the ratio of MDs to staffed beds, as well as the ratio of RNs and LPNs to staffed beds bear no reference to community hospitals¡¦ vertically integrating a nursing facility. Conclusion Not all community hospitals are equally good candidates for stepping into the avenue to nursing facility. Given the environmental factors, community hospitals situated in highly competitive district areas with a higher ratio of the elderly are more likely to vertically integrate a nursing facility. In terms of organizational factors, the provisions of dialysis service and home care service have a significant relationship with the likelihood of vertical integration.

The purpose of this paper is to fabricate optical waveguide reflectors to reflect the incident optical mode of multi-mode interference coupler by the etched vertical mirror surfaces. We used the design of etched vertical mirror surfaces to bend the incident optical mode, and changed the length of multi-mode interference coupler for the power splitting ratio. By the simulation and design, we could use the multi-mode interference coupler to fabricate optical waveguide reflectors. A 1.52µm symmetric quantum well InGaAlAs/InGaAs epitaxial wafer is used to fabricate the devices. In the device design, we designed a optical waveguide reflector of two inputs and outputs with 90¢X angle. We fabricated a Fabry-Perot laser by two optical waveguide reflectors with 90¢X angle, a 1x2 multi-mode interference coupler and a ring cavity. In addition, we designed optical waveguide reflectors of one input and two inputs, and utilized them to fabricate a Fabry-Perot laser. We also utilized an optical waveguide reflector of one input or two inputs directly to fabricate Fabry-Perot lasers. In fabrication process, firstly, we etched the waveguide to the depth of about 1.81µm by multi-step wet etching. In order to reduce bending loss, we made deep etching for the outside of curve waveguide. Then, we etched the mirror to the depth of about 6µm by multi-step wet etching to have a greater variation of refractive index to reflect the mode of optical waveguide reflectors. Finally, we used polyimide to flatten the sides of the ridge waveguides and evaporated metal pad over the polyimide.

Merger and collusion has become a popular and widespread activity between firms in the recent years. By doing this, firms can involve all the values which was created by their own factories to themselves. Manufacturers can not only raise their own profits but also diminish the uncertainty risk of purchasing middle material by vertical integrations. It has become a trend to integrate and collusion between firms. Vertical integrations bring more profits, but it also causes monopoly and forcing out. Vertical integrate can raise the market price, and it causes market foreclosure. As a result, the social welfare and the market competitive ability will be affected. General speaking, market foreclosure can be classified into full market foreclosure and partial market foreclosure according to the interrupting level to the middle material market. The manufactures use these two strategies to attain the highest profits. This article uses the Cournot model of oligopoly competition in successive market, and we use Cournot competition by different stages. We assumed the downstream as the price taker of middle material, and the price of final goods will be different according to the variety and substitution of the products. We figure out the appropriate final quantity and then reverse to the quantity and price of the upstream. We use Avenel and Barlet(2000) analyzing structure of successive market, and considering the most appropriate integrated forms between present and potential firms. Secondly, under a given strategy bundle, we analyze the influence between the final goods substitution and complementary to middle material market and social welfare. We found out the influence to middle material market by the choice of integrated strategy varied by substitution or complementary of final goods.

The purpose of this thesis is to design and fabricate optical waveguide reflectors by the etched vertical mirror surfaces. In order to reflect the incident optical mode of multi-mode interference coupler, we fabricate the etched vertical reflective mirror surface with wet etch and dry etch processes. We used the design of etched vertical mirror surfaces to bend the incident optical mode, and changed the length of multi-mode interference coupler for the power splitting ratio and high power output. In order to reduce bending and transition losses and make the incident optical mode total internal reflection in the etched vertical mirror surfaces, we used ICP-RIE dry etch process to add the depth about 4 µm of the etched vertical mirror surfaces. A 1.52 µm symmetric multiple quantum well InGaAlAs/InGaAs epitaxial wafer is used to fabricate the devices. In the device design, we designed optical waveguide reflectors of one input and two inputs respectively, and utilized them to fabricate Fabry-Perot lasers. We also utilized a reflector of one input and two inputs directly to fabricate a Fabry-Perot laser. In addition, We fabricated a Fabry-Perot laser by two reflectors with 90¢X angle corner, a 1x2 3dB multi-mode interference coupler and a ring resonator. In fabrication process, firstly, we etched the epitaxial wafer the depth of about 1.79µm by multi-step wet etch to form waveguides. In order to reduce bending loss, we made deep etching for the outside of curve waveguides and optical waveguide reflectors. Then, we etched the reflective mirror to the depth of about 4µm by ICP-RIE dry etch process to have a greater variation of refractive index to reflect the optical mode of reflectors. Finally, we used polyimide to flatten the sides of the ridge waveguides and evaporated metal pad over the ridge waveguides to form the signal pad.

As China¡¦s technology of aquaculture is raising, the aquatic products is raising. But the lack of the medium to integrate, the aquatic products also supply exceeds the demand. So in order to let the price stable and to build up a complete marketing system. To build up P.D.C. and cooperate with the professional marketing company is necessary. To strategic league or vertical integration will be the trend of future. As the rapid development of China¡¦s economy. China¡¦s GDP is raising. So China¡¦s consumption and living style is changing. And to increase the business ability of creation and the brand¡¦s value. It became the victory factor of China¡¦s enterprise. In the past, the marketing process of aquatic products is focus on a terminal market process. But the retail sell process faces the hardship. So the marketing system of aquatic products changing is affect by the retail sell process. And it is a good way through the super market to marketing the aquatic products. In this paper, I analyze the income level, the consumption of aquatic products, the degree of female education and family members of China¡¦s coastal cities. As a result, Shanghai, Beijing and Guangdong have potential to develop. In addition, this paper shows the deep analysis of marketing strategies.