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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Hinder för design av FSM inom verktyget Value Stream Mapping / Obstacles to the design of FSM within the Value Stream Mapping tool

Grigoriadis, Leandros January 2023 (has links)
I Sverige är 99.9 % av alla företag SME-företag. I dagens samhälle har förändrade förutsättningar och globala marknader ändrat kundkraven på exempelvis ledtid. Svenska tillverkande SME-företag kräver således ett sätt att anpassa sin produktion till dessa förändrade förutsättningar. VSM är en metod där current- och future-state mappas för att tydliggöra hur produktionen ser ut idag och hur det ska se ut imorgon. Det påvisas dock i tidigare studier att det finns hinder med VSM som motverkar framtagning av FSM. Det ska dock noteras att merparten av de studier som tidigare utförts har gjorts vid utländska företag eller företag större än SME. Dessa studier har dessutom genomförts i syfte att observera VSM i helhet och de fördelar som metoden har, eller undersöka vissa få hinder. Syftet med arbetet är därför att undersöka vilka hinder som kan försvåra för svenska SME-företag att designa future-state värdeflödeskartor som är lämpliga sett till deras verksamhet. Detta för att bättre möjliggöra för VSM implementation hos dessa företag. Detta har utförts genom att jämföra tidigare litteratur med en fallstudie på ett svenskttillverkande SME-företag inom metallindustrin och undersöka de mönster i hindren som observerats. Resultatet av arbetet var en modell av hinder som kan komma att försvåra försvenska SME-företag att designa future-state värdeflödeskartor som är lämpliga sett till deras verksamhet. Från denna modell tydliggörs ett stor överlapp mellan det empiriska resultatet och resultatet från tidigare studier. Ett hinder från tidigare litteratur motbevisas även och exkluderas från modellen. Detta medför att framtida utövare på svenska tillverkande SME-företag aktivt kan göra sig medvetna om de hinder som de kan tänkas stöta på samt vad dessa kan ha för påverkan på deras FSM, och genom detta förbereda sig för att möta dessa hinder. Framtida studier skulle kunna undersöka hinder vid användning av VSM-metoden på flera olika svenska tillverkande SME-företag och således skapa en bredare bild av hinder med VSM för framställning av en FSM / In Sweden, 99.9% of all companies are SMEs. In today's society, changing conditions and global markets have altered customer requirements, such as lead time. Therefore, Swedish manufacturing SMEs require a way to adapt their production to these changing conditions. Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is one such method that maps the current and future states to clarify how production looks today and how it should look tomorrow. However, previous studies have shown that there are obstacles with VSM that hinder the development of Future State Maps (FSMs). It should be noted that the majority of previous studies have been conducted in foreign or larger-than-SME companies. These studies have also been carried out to observe the entirety of VSM and its benefits or to investigate a few specific obstacles. The purpose of this study is to examine the obstacles that may hinder Swedish SMEs from designing future-state value stream maps suitable for their operations, in order to better enable VSM implementation in these companies. This has been accomplished by comparing previous literature with a case study conducted at a Swedish manufacturing SME in the metal industry and examining the patterns observed in the obstacles. The result of this work was a model of obstacles that may hinder Swedish SMEs from designing future-state value stream maps suitable for their operations. This table clearly shows a significant overlap between the empirical findings and the results from previous studies. Additionally, one obstacle from previous literature is contradicted. As a result, future practitioners in Swedish manufacturing SMEs can actively become aware ofthe obstacles they may encounter and understand their impact on their FSMs, thereby preparing to address these obstacles. Future studies could investigate obstacles in the use of the VSM method in several different Swedish manufacturing SMEs to create a broader understanding of obstacles with VSM for the development of an FSM.
42

Potential of waste-derived VFAs-bearing effluents as an external carbon source for MBBR denitrification of domestic wastewater / Potentialen av avfallshärledda VFA-bärande substrat som en extern kolkälla för MBBR-denitrifiering av avloppsvatten

Manafi Khosroshahi, Seyed Reza January 2022 (has links)
In conventional wastewater treatment plants, methanol, ethanol, and acetate are used as carbon source for the denitrification process in the biological nutrient removal. However, growing concern regarding economical costs and carbon footprints from the fossil-based production of these chemicals have forced the companies to look for other alternatives. VFAs have shown a great potential in replacing the conventionally used carbon sources. If implemented this will result in lower chemical cost and a drastic decrease in carbon footprint as well as striving WWTPs towards sustainable development. In this work denitrification has been analysed using different variations of VFAs such as fermented potato protein liquor, food waste and chicken manure VFA. This was done using a basic laboratory setup of a denitrification reactor which used basic stirring agitation and nitrogen purging to ensure anoxic conditions. Nutrients and excess sCOD were added to ensure the highest denitrification rates. The denitrifying biomass was collected at Gryaab AB in the form of k1-carriers making this process a MBBR. The most influential characteristic of the VFAs is the distribution of the acids in the VFA effluent. Butyric acid along with caproic acid showed the best potential for efficient denitrification. The possibility of concentration of VFA effluent showed a high potential when using a nanofiltration system. A C/N ratio of 4.5 conventionally used when methanol is added showed to be the most optimal condition for VFA addition. The combination of VFAs together with conventional used carbon sources showed the best potential in denitrification efficiency proving to be as good or even better than pure synthetic ones. VFAs effluents showed the best potential in removing the intermediate nitrite from the wastewater at high rates. Overall, VFAs shown a great potential for replacing conventionally used carbon sources, demonstrating the potential of substitution, which if implemented will result in lower carbon footprint and a strive towards sustainable development.
43

Modélisation des écoulements diphasiques bioactifs dans les installations de stockage de déchets / Modeling two-phase bioactive flow in bioreactor landfills

Gholamifard, Shabnam 02 February 2009 (has links)
Accélérer la dégradation anaérobie des déchets enfouis, optimiser la production de biogaz et diminuer le temps et le coût de surveillance sont les enjeux principaux d'installation de stockage des déchets non dangereux (ISDND)-bioactives, ainsi que, plus classiquement, minimiser leurs impacts sanitaires et environnementaux. L'une des méthodes les plus efficaces pour atteindre ces objectifs est la recirculation de lixiviat et l'augmentation de l'humidité des déchets. Les objectifs du bioréacteur ne seront pas atteints sans une connaissance rationnelle des phénomènes hydrauliques, biologiques et thermiques qui s’y développent et de l’influence de l'un de ces phénomènes sur les autres. Les observations in situ, les expérimentations en laboratoire ainsi que les modèles numériques permettent ensemble une approche rationnelle de ces phénomènes. C’est ce qui constitue le corps de ce travail de thèse, où nous avons étudié le comportement hydro-thermo-biologique des déchets dans la phase anaérobie en laboratoire, sur site à partir de données hydro-thermiques de deux bioréacteurs situés en France et en développant un modèle numérique pour simuler ce comportement couplé des bioréacteurs. Les travaux en laboratoire nous ont permis d’étudier l’effet de la saturation et de la densité (compactage des déchets) sur la dégradation anaérobie des déchets ménagers et l’influence de ces paramètres sur la production de biogaz. Les données hydrauliques et thermiques in-situ des bioréacteurs nous ont permis de connaître les variations des paramètres essentiels comme la température et la saturation dans les déchets, à différentes profondeurs, et estimer d’autres paramètres qui sont difficile à déterminer expérimentalement. Le modèle numérique nous a permis d’étudier le comportement couplé, hydro-thermo-biologique, des bioréacteurs à long terme (pendant une dizaine d’années) aussi bien qu’à court terme pendant la recirculation de lixiviat. L’interdépendance des différents paramètres qui influent la dégradation des déchets est la principale raison nous ayant conduits à développer un modèle de couplage qui nous permette d'étudier chaque paramètre en fonction des autres. Les travaux en laboratoire et les données thermiques de site nous ont conduits à développer un modèle d'écoulement diphasique du liquide et du gaz dans les déchets, considérant les phénomènes biologiques, en fonction des paramètres clés de la dégradation comme la température et la saturation, pour aboutir à la production de biogaz et de chaleur. Les trois parties de ce travail, les expérimentations en laboratoire, le développement d'un modèle numérique et l’analyse des données de site ont été effectuées en parallèle de façon complémentaire. Les expérimentation de laboratoire tout comme l’analyse des données de site, nous ont montré l'importance des paramètres qu'il faut considérer dans le modèle et en retour le modèle numérique nous a aidé à diriger les expérimentations en laboratoire et montré la nécessité de conduire certaines analyses sur les pilotes expérimentaux, comme l’analyse de la biomasse, de la DCO et des AGV. L'analyse des données hydrauliques et thermiques de sites de bioréacteur nous a permis de caler les paramètres hydrauliques, biologiques et thermiques des déchets qui sont difficile à définir sur le site sans le perturber (comme la conductivité hydraulique, la saturation, la conductivité thermique, la capacité calorifique, la concentration en biomasse et en AGV). Le travail réalisé dans la thèse a permis de développer un modèle couplé hydro-thermo-biologique et de tester sa capacité à prévoir le comportement thermique d'un bioréacteur, la production totale et le taux de production de méthane. Nous avons montré qu'il était adopté à l'étude du comportement à long terme d'un bioréacteur, aussi bien qu'à court terme pendant la réinjection de lixiviat, là où les techniques de mesure et le temps sont limitants en laboratoire ou sur site / The main objectives of bioreactor landfills are to accelerate anaerobic degradation of waste in order to minimize the environmental impacts, to optimize biogas production and to minimize the time of waste stabilization as well as the costs and time of monitoring of landfill sites after operation. One of the most important and cost-effective method to achieve these objectives is liquid addition and management. The objectives of bioreactor landfills could not be achieved without enough knowledge of its hydraulic, thermal and biological parameters and processes and the effects of each of them on the others. Site observations and data and laboratory experiments as well as numerical models could help to develop the knowledge of these phenomena and processes, which is the objective of this work. In this thesis we study the coupled hydro-thermo-biological behavior of bioreactor landfills in the anaerobic phase in the laboratory and using site data of two bioreactor landfills in France and developing a numerical coupled model. The laboratory experiments help us to know the effect of such important parameters as saturation and density of wastes on anaerobic degradation and biogas production. The site data help us to know the variations of saturation and temperature of wastes in a bioreactor landfill in different depths, as two key factors of anaerobic degradation and biogas production. Site analysis helps also to estimate some parameters as hydraulic and thermal conductivity of wastes, which are hard to measure in situ without disturbing the landfill site. The numerical model helps us to study the coupled behavior of bioreactor landfills during leachate recirculation, as well as on the long term during many years. The interdependence of various parameters which influence waste degradation and thermo-biological phenomena in a bioreactor landfills is the main reason of development of this coupled model. This model makes it possible to study each key parameter, as saturation and temperature, as a function of other parameters. Laboratory experiments and site data analysis lead to develop a biological model of degradation to be coupled with a two-phase flow model of liquid and gas. The three parts of this thesis, laboratory experiments, site data analysis and development of the numerical coupled model were carried out in parallel and in a complementary manner. Laboratory experiments as well as site data analysis showed us the importance of some parameters to be considered in the numerical model and coupled behavior. In return numerical model showed the importance of considering the temperature dependence behavior of microbial activity and the necessity of biomass, VFA and COD analysis in laboratory experiments. The analysis of hydraulic and thermal site data led to estimate parameters which are hard to measure in situ or in the laboratory, as hydraulic and thermal conductivity of waste, saturation, thermal conductivity of cover layer and heat capacity of waste. The numerical coupled hydro-thermo-biological model seems to be efficient enough to predict biogas and methane production in bioreactor and classical landfills and to reproduce their correct behavior
44

Aplikační možnosti programovatelného zesilovače LNVGA / Application possibilities of LNVGA programmable amplifier

Sobotka, Josef January 2015 (has links)
This thesis deals with the theoretical description of the qualitative characteristics and parameters of some modern active elements, also discusses the theory of signal flow graphs at the level applicable for the following frequency filter design methods. The thesis is also generally discussed the issue with the circuit simulator PSpice modeling theory and voltage amplifiers on the basic 6-levels. The practical part of the work is divided into two parts. The first practical part is dedicated to design four levels of simulation model of components LNVGA element. The second practical part contains detailed theoretical proposals for three circuit structures implementing the frequency filters 2nd order (based on the basic structure of the OTA-C) using signal flow graphs with configuration options of Q and fm based on the parameters of active elements in the peripheral structure and their verification with prepared LNVGA model layers.

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