The study explores and compares the incidents of vigilantism in two selected communities in Port Elizabeth. However, the word ‘vigilantism’ as utilized in the study can be explained as the group of people in a community who take the law into their own hands and punish alleged societal offenders on the spot. Vigilante activities have become a regular occurrence in many communities in Port Elizabeth and in South Africa as whole. This phenomenon as reported by several authors has destroyed many young men’s lives and ambitions. This is a paradoxical situation that violates human rights because South Africa is a country with a Constitution that prioritizes human dignity for all, and citizens that are totally free from violence of any kind. The aim of the study is to explore, analyze and compare the incidents of vigilantism in New Brighton and Kwazakhele communities in Port Elizabeth. The intention is to educate and enlighten the members of the selected communities, together with the public about vigilantism and its impact on communities. The researcher achieved the aim of this study by asking the following questions: • What are the motives of individuals/communities who take the law into their own hands? • What impact do vigilante incidents have on communities? • Which effective preventative measures can be utilized to combat vigilantism? To answer these questions, questionnaires for data collection were utilized. The study was conducted using a total population of one hundred (100) participants who were divided by two. Each community had a sample of fifty (50) participants. The participants were selected by utilizing purposive sampling technique which is non-probability sampling. The participants were the community members of the selected communities. The researcher applied a qualitative research methodology in order to obtain in-depth information and utilized content thematic analysis and SPSS software for the analysis of the data gathered. Two theories a) Differential Association Theory and b) Social Learning Theory were employed to interpret the findings of the study. iv The results of the study demonstrate that there has been an escalation in vigilante activities in Port Elizabeth communities since 2000 and 2010. In many vigilante actions that occurred, males (ages between 18 and 30 years) were found to be the majority of the people who were more likely to be victims of vigilantism because of the crimes they commit. The results also demonstrate that an increase in vigilante incidents in New Brighton and Kwazakhele have been reported to be a result of the ineffectiveness of visible policing, easy bail conditions and frustration and anger of the community members, who do not see the criminals being arrested. These vigilante activities have been reported to have negative impact in these communities specifically on children. Based on this issue of vigilantism, several strategies that could assist to combat vigilante actions were made. The participants suggested that government should improve the criminal justice system as a whole in order to reduce vigilantism. The respondents also indicated that government should create jobs for the youths because other people become involved in criminal activities, because of poverty and lack of employment opportunities. Furthermore, the participants proposed that government should enact tough laws on offenders. v.

Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades / Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciada en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica, mención Literatura / Se presenta este ensayo como un estudio que analizará la novela de Los Vigilantes de Diamela Eltit. En ella se examinará la presencia de elementos propios del imaginario de Gabriela Mistral y de un mito psicoanalítico de Imre Hermann. Se tendrá como antecedente el que la propia Mistral habría incluido este mito en su obra. Se procederá a responder las razones de tal inclusión. Para ello se tomará en primera instancia herramientas del psicoanálisis literario y del trabajo de Patricio Marchant en torno a la poeta. En segundo lugar se realiza el vínculo de ambas autoras utilizando teoría de géneros en los que consideraremos a autoras como Showalter, Irigaray y Cixous. Tras evidenciar la presencia de estas entidades literarias, se procederá a analizar esta estrategia escritural como una forma de memoria ficcional. Para ello nos valdremos de los trabajos hechos por Félix Martínez Bonati y José María Ruiz-Vargas en torno a memoria ficcional. Con ello proporcionaremos la evidencia de la presencia de estas entidades literarias y las referiremos como una forma de estrategia escritural vinculada vitalmente a un trabajo de memoria.

La vigilancia informal en Lima es performación y simulacro. Y la informalidad en la que opera la función del vigilante, la fragilidad de su condición laboral (sin estabilidad laboral, sin seguro de salud y con un magro sueldo) y su posición subalternizada me llevaron a investigar cómo funciona este simulacro desde la perspectiva del portero y vigilante, qué agencias se dinamizan en este contexto y cómo deben construir su subjetividad en esta comunidad de la sospecha y la falta de reconocimiento. Así, haciendo uso de herramientas de la antropología visual, accedemos a las percepciones del tiempo y la soledad de dos vigilantes nocturnos en la ciudad de Lima. Tres son los aspectos que emplearé para comprender las agencias y procesos de subjetivación desde la experiencia de un vigilante de noche en una caseta de 1 o 2 m2: su cultura material, sus emociones y sus narrativas. Así, conocer la experiencia de estos vigilantes nocturnos, en jornadas de 10 o 12 horas y sin un reconocimiento de todos sus derechos laborales, supondrá responder qué procesos actúan en cada uno, situados en entornos tan limitantes como los que caracterizan esta experiencia laboral. Como resultado, encontramos que, en esta experiencia, la construcción de sus casetas son un reflejo de sus espacios más íntimos, como lo son sus habitaciones. Tanto en sus habitaciones (lo privado) como en las casetas (lo público), la memoria y los procesos de subjetivación se revelan a través de la cultura material bajo una gramática similar. Con este fin, propongo un acercamiento a modos de construir lugar y cotidianidad: lo público, lo privado y lo social desde la subjetividad de porteros y vigilantes nocturnos en Lima. Aunque el acercamiento antropológico lo efectué con un grupo de vigilantes, decidí realizar una mayor aproximación a dos porteros y vigilantes: Moisés Quevedo y Moisés Chileno, como sujetos representativos de la realidad cultural de quienes laboran en jornadas nocturnas largas en la ciudad de Lima. Para cada uno de ellos, realicé un análisis sobre su construcción de lugar, lo que supone un trabajo sobre la cultura material dentro de su experiencia como vigilantes y porteros. / Tesis

Burford discusses his development as a painter while earning his MFA at the University of Iowa. He emphasizes that he wanted to paint in a style understandable to layman and critic alike and came to be known as a figurative artist. Three black and white photos of the oil paintings laid in. The two paintings "Circus workers" and "Reclining figures" depict African American men, the third "Vigilantes" shows two hooded Ku Klux Klan-like figures.

Thesis (Ph. D.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 1, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

La vigilancia informal en Lima es performación y simulacro. Y la informalidad en la que opera la función del vigilante, la fragilidad de su condición laboral (sin estabilidad laboral, sin seguro de salud y con un magro sueldo) y su posición subalternizada me llevaron a investigar cómo funciona este simulacro desde la perspectiva del portero y vigilante, qué agencias se dinamizan en este contexto y cómo deben construir su subjetividad en esta comunidad de la sospecha y la falta de reconocimiento. Así, haciendo uso de herramientas de la antropología visual, accedemos a las percepciones del tiempo y la soledad de dos vigilantes nocturnos en la ciudad de Lima. Tres son los aspectos que emplearé para comprender las agencias y procesos de subjetivación desde la experiencia de un vigilante de noche en una caseta de 1 o 2 m2: su cultura material, sus emociones y sus narrativas. Así, conocer la experiencia de estos vigilantes nocturnos, en jornadas de 10 o 12 horas y sin un reconocimiento de todos sus derechos laborales, supondrá responder qué procesos actúan en cada uno, situados en entornos tan limitantes como los que caracterizan esta experiencia laboral. Como resultado, encontramos que, en esta experiencia, la construcción de sus casetas son un reflejo de sus espacios más íntimos, como lo son sus habitaciones. Tanto en sus habitaciones (lo privado) como en las casetas (lo público), la memoria y los procesos de subjetivación se revelan a través de la cultura material bajo una gramática similar. Con este fin, propongo un acercamiento a modos de construir lugar y cotidianidad: lo público, lo privado y lo social desde la subjetividad de porteros y vigilantes nocturnos en Lima. Aunque el acercamiento antropológico lo efectué con un grupo de vigilantes, decidí realizar una mayor aproximación a dos porteros y vigilantes: Moisés Quevedo y Moisés Chileno, como sujetos representativos de la realidad cultural de quienes laboran en jornadas nocturnas largas en la ciudad de Lima. Para cada uno de ellos, realicé un análisis sobre su construcción de lugar, lo que supone un trabajo sobre la cultura material dentro de su experiencia como vigilantes y porteros.

Vigilantism is a reality that is going to persist into the future for as long as crime exists. The Diepsloot community is not unique to other parts of the country like Khayelitsha, New Brighton, Gugulethu and others in resorting to mob justice. The satisfaction sourced from eliminating a criminal (s) seems to fuel the resolve around this method of justice. The scourge of crime is pretexted as the main reason behind the mob attacks which the community qualifies by the claim that the police are incapable to police crime. The Diepsloot community knows the moral and legal restrictions around crime of this magnitude but their knowledge of police incapacity allows them to justify this horrendous act. Mob justice incidents may not be occurring daily but their spread across the calendar is an uncomfortable reality everyone should be concerned of. The community, especially the victims, suffer permanent scars of fear and the burden on victim families is enormous. Victim families tend to grapple with permanent problem of dependants that have been incapacitated by the mob attacks. By far, victim families believe that perpetrators continue with impunity and the law-enforcement has revised intervention strategies. Multitask teams (like churches, youth, men’s forum and sport) have been formed to reach out to the community but somehow no objective needs-analysis have been conducted thus the products are right but have no consumers. The role played by the police in community projects is acknowledged but the coordination structure is too centralised to purport local ownership. The concepts of moral regeneration and social cohesion have to find practical studies in the community of Diepsloot so as to comprehend the interest of the residents and be impactful to do paradigm shift.

Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2010. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 100 p. : ill., maps. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-88).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-05-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:09:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 magalhaes_br_me_mar.pdf: 664405 bytes, checksum: 09530e55da0e0523d49efff4b7008fcd (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente dissertação busca em seus objetivos compreender as representações sociais do corpo, com ênfase na construção do corpo obeso através das práticas corretivas que visam agir sobre o controle do peso. A pesquisa pretende observar as práticas, os discursos e os métodos de normalização do corpo na instituição dos “Vigilantes do Peso” (VP), entidade voltada à correção dos hábitos alimentares considerados irregulares. Ao mesmo tempo, a pesquisa pretende compreender a maneira com que os obesos representam seu corpo e como justificam a sua adesão às práticas do VP. A reflexão baseia-se nas leituras de Michel Foucault sobre disciplina e norma, bem como sobre bio-política. O que está em jogo no debate são as diferentes maneiras de como, na modernidade, o corpo passou a ser objeto de intervenção de poderes e de investimento subjetivo. A pesquisa pretende adicionalmente descrever e analisar as práticas cotidianas dos usurários do VP. Para tanto, foram realizadas observações diretas dessas práticas com o intuito de descrever as confissões realizadas durante as reuniões da instituição. Os VP representam um novo tipo de instituição na modernidade tardia. Em sua prática corretiva, apontam para processos mais sutis de institucionalização da norma. A dissertação, por último, pode contribuir para a compreensão dos temas relacionados ao corpo e à obesidade no âmbito das Ciências Sociais. / The present work seeks in its objectives to understand the social representations of body, stressing the correctives practices that underlies the weight control and the construction of the overweight body. The research intends to observe the practices, the speeches and the methods of normalization of the body within the “Weight Watchers” (VP), entity devoted above all to the correction of alimentary habits considered not regular. At the same time, the research intends to understand the way in which somebody with overweight represents its body and justifies its adhesion to the practices of weight control. The purpose is to discuss these problems using the Michel Foucault’s thought on discipline, normalization and bio-politics. The main concern is to grasp the different ways in late modernity the body became object of powers interventions and subjective investment. The research also intends to describe and to analyze the VP daily practices. To accomplish that, will be made direct observations of VP daily practices and the confessions emerged within the VP meetings as well. VP is a type of institution that encompasses the emergency of new modernity configuration in the body corrections practices. The dissertation intends lastly to understand the studies related to body and obesity, in the knowledge realm of Social Sciences.

Los temas actuales de la literatura hispanoamericana integran de manera insoslayable el contexto histórico, los procesos sociales, económicos y políticos de sus naciones, pues estos se filtran, indiscutiblemente, en la literatura. Así, el presente informe de seminario de grado se propone analizar la novela “Los Vigilantes” de Diamela Eltit, la cual se instala en el contexto de postdictadura en Chile y lo recrea en la novela. Este acontecimiento histórico se caracteriza, por una parte, por la instauración de la democracia, y por otra, por la consagración de la instalación del neoliberalismo propiciado por la dictadura militar. Este cambio de escenario produce, en algunos, un cambio, y en otros, un deterioro y menoscabo en el modo de pensar y sentir. Pero por sobre todo produce un cambio de sujeto. Así, la figura del sujeto político es reemplazada por el individuo burgués, atomizado que ya no vive con un sentido comunitario, ni se siente parte de una causa, de un proyecto social común que motive y una a los sujetos. El nuevo individuo vive para sí y para sus metas.