Objetivo. Avaliar o campo visual em ex-trabalhadores de fábricas de lâmpadas fluorescentes com diagnóstico de mercurialismo metálico crônico ocupacional, através de testes psicofísicos de campimetria computadorizada e registros eletrofisiológicos da retina obtidos através do eletrorretinograma multifocal. Método. A avaliação psicofísica do campo visual foi realizada em 35 ex-trabalhadores (idade média = 44,2 ± 5,9 anos; 30 homens) no equipamento Humphrey Field Analyzer II (modelo 750i) em dois testes: acromático (standard automated perimetry) e azul-amarelo (short wavelength automated perimetry). O programa Visual Evoked Response Imaging System (VERISTM Science 5.0) permitiu o registro e análise dos sinais eletrofisiológicos da retina através do eletrorretinograma multifocal em 32 ex-trabalhadores (idade média = 44,6 ± 5,5 anos; 27 homens) dos 35 que realizaram os testes de campimetria computadorizada. Os resultados foram comparados com um grupo controle para o campo visual (n = 34; idade média = 43,3 ± 8,3 anos; 21 homens) e com outro grupo controle para o eletrorretinograma multifocal (n = 21; idade média = 43,5 ± 8,9 anos; 10 homens). Resultados. Os exames psicofísicos de campimetria computadorizada mostraram que há redução da sensibilidade visual em regiões centrais até 27? do campo visual. No exame acromático a diminuição da sensibilidade ocorreu, inclusive, na região foveal. O exame azul-amarelo confirmou a redução encontrada no exame acromático para regiões paracentrais até 27° de excentricidade. O eletrorretinograma multifocal apresentou redução nas amplitudes das respostas retinianas em regiões centrais até 25°, sem alteração no tempo implícito das respostas. As regiões paracentrais mostraram redução significativa para os valores de amplitude do primeiro componente negativo (N1) e do primeiro componente positivo (P1). Discussão. A redução na sensibilidade visual em diferentes regiões do campo visual, confirma que há prejuízos no sistema visual decorrentes da exposição crônica ao vapor de mercúrio. Nesse caso, não se pode especificar as regiões afetadas, porque a metodologia utilizada não permite isolar estruturas da via visual e, consequentemente, não permite localizar as regiões específicas que o mercúrio estaria prejudicando preferencialmente. Os prejuízos causados pela intoxicação ao vapor de mercúrio na retina parecem ser difusos, considerando que a redução de amplitude das respostas de N1 e P1 pode indicar prejuízos em diferentes grupos celulares da retina. Os resultados mostram que parte dos prejuízos de campo visual causados pelo vapor de mercúrio estão relacionados com alterações retinianas. Os resultados estão de acordo com trabalhos preliminares que monstraram alterações visuais que permanecem mesmo anos após o afastamento da fonte de exposição, sugerindo que a intoxicação por vapor de mercúrio pode não ser totalmente reversível. Conclusão. Os sujeitos expostos cronicamente ao vapor de mercúrio durante um período de 10 anos (em média) apresentam redução da sensibilidade visual em diferentes regiões do campo visual, mesmo após 7 anos (em média) de afastamento da fonte expositora. Pode haver prejuízos em diferentes regiões da via visual envolvidos nas alterações de campo visual, mas parte desses prejuízos causados pela exposição crônica ocupacional ao vapor de mercúrio possui origem retiniana. / Purpose. To analyse visual field sensitivity in a group of workers retired from thefluorescent lamp industry diagnosed with chronic occupational metallic mercurialism using psychophysical tests such as automated perimetry and measuring the retina cells\' electrical responses with the multifocal electroretinogram. Methods. The psychophysical evaluation of the visual field was performed in 35 retired workers (mean age = 44.2 ± 5.9 years; 30 males) using Humphrey Field Analyzer II (model 750i) device in two different tests: SAP (standard automated perimetry) and SWAP (short wavelength automated perimetry). The Visual Evoked Response Imaging System (VERISTM Science 5.0) provided us the electrophysiological recordings and analysis of the retina based on measurement data from the multifocal electroretinogram in 32 retired workers (mean age = 44.6 ± 5.5 years; 27 males) that were included in the 35 automated perimetry test subjects. The results were compared with an age-matched control group using the visual field tests (n = 34; mean age = 43.3 ± 8.3 years; 21 males) and to another age-matched control group at the multifocal electroretinogram (n = 21; mean age = 43.5 ± 8.9 years; 10 males). Results. The automated perimetry tests have shown visual sensitivity reductions in the central areas around 27° of eccentricity. In the SAP test sensitivity decrease was found even in the foveal region. The SWAP test results are in agreement with the reduction found around 27° in the SAP test at mid-peripheral areas. The multifocal electroretinogram has shown decreases in amplitude in the retina recordings in the central areas around 25° of eccentricity, but there were no implicit time reductions. The mid-peripheral areas have shown significant reductions in the amplitude values in the first negative component (N1) and in the first positive component (P1) as well. Discussion. The visual sensitivity reductions in the different visual field areas confirm the visual damages in patients with long-term mercury vapor exposure. In this case the affected visual pathway sections could not be determined since the applied psychophysical method does not allow us to indicate the specific visual structure principally damaged by the mercury vapor. The damages found in the retina due to mercury vapor intoxication can be considered broadly dispersed, since the reductions in N1 and P1 amplitudes might be the indications of damages in multiple retina cell groups. Our results show that some visual field losses are related to various retinal alterations caused by the mercury vapor. The results are in agreement with preliminary works that showed visual dysfunctions after several years away from the mercury vapor source suggesting that mercury vapor intoxication may not be completely reversible. Conclusion. The long-term (10 years in average) mercury vapor exposed workers have shown visual sensitivity reductions in different visual field areas after 7 years (in average) away from the mercury vapor source. In our present study we would like to indicate that visual field reductions cannot only be related to damages in the various sections of the visual pathway, but some of these visual field losses can occur due to retinal alterations caused by cronic mercury vapor exposure.

Failing eyesight causes a dramatic change in life. The aim of this project is to help people with large central visual field loss to better utilize their remaining vision. Central visual field loss means that the person has to rely on peripheral vision since the direct vision is lost, often due to a dysfunctional macula. In these cases, a full restoration of vision would require replacement or repair of the damaged retinal tissue, which is not yet possible. Instead, the present study seeks to improve peripheral vision by enhancing the image quality on the remaining functional part of the retina by optical corrections. The off-axis optics of the human eye often suffers from large optical errors, which together with the lower sampling density of the retina explain the limited visual function in the periphery. The dominating aberrations are field curvature and oblique astigmatism, which induce an effective eccentric refractive error. However, the irregular character of the aberrations and the limited neural function in the periphery will make it difficult to find the optimal refractive correction; the conventional subjective refraction, for example, is not suitable for subjects with large central visual field loss. Within the work of this thesis a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor has been constructed for oblique aberration measurements. Wavefront sensing is an objective method to assess detailed information about the optical errors in the human eye. Theory and methods have been developed to allow accurate off-axis measurements of the large aberrations, enable eccentric fixation, and handle the elliptical pupil. The study has mainly concentrated on sphero-cylindrical correction of peripheral vision. Peripheral resolution and detection acuity thresholds have been evaluated for seven subjects with central visual field loss and ten control subjects with normal vision. Five of the subjects with field loss showed improved resolution acuity with eccentric refractive correction compared to their habitual central correction, whereas little change was found for the control subjects. These results demonstrate that correction of peripheral optical errors can be beneficial to people with large central visual field loss in situations where a normal healthy eye does not experience any improvements. In conclusion, it is worthwhile to investigate the peripheral refractive errors in low-vision rehabilitation of central visual field loss and prescribe spectacle correction when those errors are large. / QC 20100809

The purpose of the current thesis was to investigate the role of gaze direction, when making preference decisions. Previous research has reported a progressive gaze bias towards the preferred stimuli as participants near a decision, termed the gaze cascade effect (Shimojo, Simion, Shimojo & Scheir, 2003). The gaze cascade effect is strongest during the final 1500 msec prior to decision (Shimojo et al.). Previous eye-tracking research has displayed natural viewing biases towards the upper visual field. However, previous investigations have not investigated the impact of image placement on the gaze cascade effect. Study 1 investigated the impact of presenting stimuli vertically on the gaze cascade effect. Results indicated that natural scanning biases towards the upper visual field impacted the gaze cascade effect. The gaze cascade effect was reliably seen only when the preferred image was presented in the upper visual field. Using vertically paired stimuli study 2 investigated the impact of choice difficulty on the gaze cascade effect. Similar to study 1 the gaze cascade effect was only reliably seen when the preferred image was presented in the upper visual field. Additionally choice difficulty impacted the gaze cascade effect where easy decisions displayed a larger gaze cascade effect than hard decisions. Study 3 investigated if the gaze cascade effect is unique to preference decisions or present during all visual decisions. Judgments of concavity using perceptually ambiguous spheres were used and no gaze cascade effect was observed. Study 3 indicated that the gaze cascade effect is unique to preference decisions. Results of the current experiments indicate the gaze cascade effect is qualified by the spatial layout of the stimuli and choice difficulty. Results of the current experiments are consistent with previous eye-tracking research demonstrating biases towards the upper visual field and offering support for Prevics theory on how we interact in visual space.

The purpose of the current thesis was to investigate the role of gaze direction, when making preference decisions. Previous research has reported a progressive gaze bias towards the preferred stimuli as participants near a decision, termed the gaze cascade effect (Shimojo, Simion, Shimojo & Scheir, 2003). The gaze cascade effect is strongest during the final 1500 msec prior to decision (Shimojo et al.). Previous eye-tracking research has displayed natural viewing biases towards the upper visual field. However, previous investigations have not investigated the impact of image placement on the gaze cascade effect. Study 1 investigated the impact of presenting stimuli vertically on the gaze cascade effect. Results indicated that natural scanning biases towards the upper visual field impacted the gaze cascade effect. The gaze cascade effect was reliably seen only when the preferred image was presented in the upper visual field. Using vertically paired stimuli study 2 investigated the impact of choice difficulty on the gaze cascade effect. Similar to study 1 the gaze cascade effect was only reliably seen when the preferred image was presented in the upper visual field. Additionally choice difficulty impacted the gaze cascade effect where easy decisions displayed a larger gaze cascade effect than hard decisions. Study 3 investigated if the gaze cascade effect is unique to preference decisions or present during all visual decisions. Judgments of concavity using perceptually ambiguous spheres were used and no gaze cascade effect was observed. Study 3 indicated that the gaze cascade effect is unique to preference decisions. Results of the current experiments indicate the gaze cascade effect is qualified by the spatial layout of the stimuli and choice difficulty. Results of the current experiments are consistent with previous eye-tracking research demonstrating biases towards the upper visual field and offering support for Prevics theory on how we interact in visual space.

Glaukom är en vanligt förekommande kronisk åldersrelateradögonsjukdom som påverkar synfunktionen och innebär oftast enlivslång ögondroppsbehandling. Det är av stor vikt att patientermed glaukom gör regelbundna datorsynfältsundersökningar för attfå en god uppskattning av sjukdomsförloppet. Patienter medglaukom uttrycker att datorsynfältsundersökningen är obehagligoch mer ansträngande och krävande än andra syntester. Fråganväcks hur ögonsjuksköterskor på bästa sätt kan stödja patienternamed undersökningen och motivera dem att genomföra den. Syftetmed studien var att beskriva vilket behov av stöd patienter medglaukom har i samband med sitt besök på ögonklinik då degenomgår en datorsynfältsundersökning och vilket stöd de får avögonsjuksköterskor. Studien har en deskriptiv kvalitativ designmed semistrukturerade intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod ochdata bearbetades utifrån kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studieninnefattade intervjuer med fyra patienter med glaukom som fickbehandling med trycksänkande ögondroppar. Resultatet visade påtre kategorier; information, miljö och bemötande. I kategorininformation beskrevs behovet av information före och efterundersökningen och det stöd i form av information somögonsjuksköterskorna gav. I kategorin miljö skildrades behovet avmindre upplevd tidspress och mer tid för samtal och hurögonsjuksköterskor önskades förhålla sig under undersökningenför att skapa en lugn miljö för patienterna. Den sista kategorin varbemötande vilket belyste exempel på det stöd somögonsjuksköterskorna gav i mötet med patienterna. Mer kunskapom hur vårdpersonal kan ge bättre stöd åt patienter i samband medsynfältsundersökning är av betydelse för både patienter ochvårdenhet. Bättre omvårdnad kan leda till effektivare och merindividanpassad vård för patienterna. / Glaucoma is a common chronic age-related eye disease that affectsvisual function and usually leads to a life- long treatment with eyedrops to lower the intraocular pressure. It is very important thatpatients with glaucoma regularly perform visual field tests to getan estimation of the progression of the disease. Patients withglaucoma express visual field examinations as unpleasant andmore exhausting and demanding than other eye examinations. Thequestion raised how ophthalmic nurses in eye- care can supportpatients performing the tests and motivate them to accomplish.The aim of the study was to describe the need of support patientswith glaucoma was associated with during the visit to the eyeclinic when they undergo a visual field examination and whichsupport they get from the nurses. The study has a descriptivequalitative design using semi-structured interviews as datacollection and data were processed on the basis of qualitativecontent analysis. The study included interviews with four patientswho were treated with eye drops due to glaucoma. The resultsrevealed three categories: information, environment and location.Within the category of information, the need of information beforeand after the visual field test was described but also the support thenurses gave in terms of information was defined. Concerning thecategory of environment the need of less perceived time pressure,more time for talks and how nurses relate the survey to create apeaceful environment for the patients was declared. The lastcategory highlighted examples of the support which nurses gave inthe meeting with the patients. More knowledge about how healthprofessionals can provide better support to patients in the contextof visual field examination is of importance for both patients andhealth care. Better nursing can lead to more effective andindividualized care for patients.

A crucial aspect of attentional control is the capacity of anticipating a stimulus appearance in order to improve the speed and effectiveness of its subsequent processing. Preparatory attention (PA) is the ability to modulate (enhance) the intensity of attention directed to a selected stimulus prior to its occurrence, preventing subjects from being distracted by interfering stimuli. Some studies propose that PA is lateralized to the right hemisphere (RH) while others suggest that both the left hemisphere (LH) and the RH participate in the modulation of PA. The aim of the present thesis was to examine the role of each brain hemisphere in the modulation of PA directed to a spatial location. We developed a lateralized version of the Attentional Preparatory Test, (APT, proposed par LaBerge, Auclair & Siéroff, 2000), named the Lateralized APT or LAPT. The APT measures the ability of subjects to modulate PA directed to a target location when the probability of a distractor occurrence varies across several blocks of trials. In the APT, the response times increased as the probability of a distractor appearing in the preparatory phase preceding the target presentation increased, showing that PA is modulated by the events occurring prior to the target appearance. We developed the LAPT using the divided visual field paradigm in which stimuli can occur in the left (LVF) or the right (RVF) visual fields. The visual field differences in subjects' performance are assumed to reflect differences in the processing strategies of both hemispheres (RVF/LH vs LVF/RH). In a series of studies we showed that the modulation of PA by the expected probability of events was different in each visual field/hemisphere, depending on task configuration. In the RVF/LH, PA is modulated by the expected probability of distractor events, especially when this probability is explicit. In addition, the LH seems to play a crucial role in modulating PA when the target and the distractor are hard to discriminate. In the LVF/RH, PA is modulated by the temporal probability of events and may depend on the most probable delay in which the target is expected, but only when the discrimination between the target and the distractor is easy. Most importantly, our findings suggest that the differences between RVF/LH and LVF/RH in the modulation of PA take place at the perceptual level of processing because they are independent of the hand use in executing the response, thus also independent of the processes taking place at the motor programming level. Taken together our results, they suggest that each hemisphere uses a different strategy to modulate PA when directed to a spatial location.

Synfältsundersökningen är den viktigaste metoden för att diagnostisera och identifiera progression av glaukom. Att genomföra synfältsundersökningen är en vanligt förekommande arbetsuppgift för ögonsjuksköterskan. Studier visar att patienter har svårigheter vid genomförandet av undersökningen, men studier på hur patienten själv upplever synfältsundersökningstillfället saknas. Syftet med pilotstudien var att undersöka patientens upplevelse av synfältsundersökningstillfället. Pilotstudien genomfördes med en kvalitativ metod och data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer av åtta patienter. Materialet analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Analysen ledde till fem kategorier: upplevelse av rädsla och oro, svårt med fokusering, upplevelse av information, känsla av trygghet, och kroppsligt obehag. Att inte prestera bra och att eventuellt blivit försämrad i sjukdomen var det som främst skapade rädsla och oro. Fokusering krävde mycket koncentration och var ansträngande för ögonen. Informationen upplevdes som både bra och bristfällig. Patienterna kände en trygghet då de hade gjort undersökningen tidigare och att de träffade samma personal. Majoriteten av patienterna upplevde att de satt obekvämt och inte patientvänligt. Fortsatt utveckling och utbildning om hur patienter upplever synfältsundersökningstillfället rekommenderas för att förbättra hur personalen bemöter och informerar patienten, men även för hur ögonsjuksköterskan kan underlätta undersökningen för patienten. Då denna studie utfördes som en pilotstudie behövs vidare forskning och en fullskalig studie för att resultatet ska kunna anses vara tillförlitligt. / Visual field examination is the most important method to diagnose and identify the progression of glaucoma. Conducting visual field examination is a common task for the ophthalmic nurse. Studies show that patients have difficulty in carrying out the visual field examination, but studies on how the patient experiences the visual field examination are scarce. The aim of the pilot study was to examine the patient's experience of the visual field examination. The pilot study was conducted using a qualitative approach and data was collected through semi-structured interviews of eight patients. The material was analyzed using content analysis. The analysis resulted in five categories: experience of fear and anxiety, difficulty with focusing, experience of information, sense of security, and bodily discomfort. Failing to perform well and to possibly become impaired in their disease were major concerns that created fear and anxiety. Focusing demanded a lot of concentration and was straining on the eye. The information was perceived as both good and flawed. Patients felt a sense of security since they had done the examination before and that they met the same staff. The majority of patients felt they sat uncomfortably and that it was not patient friendly. Continued development and training on how patients experience visual field examination is recommended to improve the way the staff treats and informs the patient, but also how the ophthalmic nurse can facilitate the examination of the patient. Since this study was conducted as a pilot study further research and a full-scale study is needed for the results to be considered reliable.

Glaucoma is a common eye disease that affects the optic nerve. It is the second leading cause of visual loss globally and while it can occur in all age groups, it is most common in the elderly. The main symptom of glaucoma is the progressive deterioration of the visual field. Management of glaucoma involves careful monitoring of the progress of disease with regular visual field tests. Accurate identification and early intervention can potentially prevent advanced vision loss. A number of mathematical, statistical, and data mining methods have been proposed to identify glaucomatous progression. However, all criteria used to assess change are hampered by noise that arises from individual visual field measurement. In addition, different clinical trials use different definitions of “progressing”. Currently there is no standard method for classifying changes in visual field measurements. The purpose of this thesis is to improve existing methods and to develop new methods for classification of glaucoma. / The thesis first describes a glaucoma modeling software according to a patient’s clinical behaviour. The software can handle age-related visual decline, different types and rates of deterioration, and noise. Simulated data is a good resource for testing the efficiency of different methods in detecting progression, and for developing new methods with minimal cost. / The thesis then investigates four classification techniques, including Event Analysis( EA), sequence matching, point-wise linear regression (PLR) and machine learning. For EA methods, the thesis proposed an algorithm “baseline-follow-up” for building a 95% (or 99%) confidence interval using a database of repeated Standard Automated Perimetry (SAP) tests of stable visual fields. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the sensitivity compared with other EA methods. A major novel contribution is our introduction of sequence matching techniques to the application of glaucomatous visual field data. Sequence matching techniques typically rely on similarity measure. However, visual field measurements are very noisy, particularly in people with glaucoma, and there is lack of a standard definition of progression. It is therefore difficult to establish a reference dataset including both stable and progressive visual fields. We describe two different matching methods,Weighted Sequence Matching (SM) and Baseline Matching Stable Sequences (BMS). SM uses either the Euclidean or Manhattan distance function to select matches in a stable database R for a given query sequence. BMS uses a baseline computed from a query sequence to match means of stable sequences in R. Matches are used to determine whether a query sequence is progressive or not. For PLR methods, the thesis explores the influence of updating a PLR method by adding or deleting an observation, and discusses the application of Kappa statistic for agreement between methods. We finally investigate the application of machine learning methods for the classification of visual field data. Various input features are defined. The feature datasets are extracted from visual field data, in which each patient has been classified by experts. For this study we used the WEKA package, which provides implementations for Decision Tree, Decision Stump, Naive Bayes, and Bayes Network classifiers, as well as Bagging and Boosting methods for applying the classifiers. The accuracy of classification is presented to illustrate the ability of machine learning for classifying visual field change.

L’expérience sensorielle précoce atypique ou l’expertise dans un domaine sont des phénomènes connus pour modifier certains aspects du traitement visuel. La surdité précoce profonde et la pratique de la langue des signes pourraient ainsi être deux sources distinctes de modulation du traitement visuel. Cette thèse s’intéresse à déterminer l’impact respectif de la surdité et de l’impact de la langue des signes dans le traitement de l’espace visuel périphérique et le traitement des visages et des expressions faciales. Ces processus ont été choisis puisqu’ils sont sollicités dans la communication en langue des signes. En effet, les signes de paroles sont perçus par le champ visuel périphérique inférieur et il est en même temps nécessaire de porter une attention particulière au visage de son interlocuteur qui délivre des informations syntaxiques, grammaticales ou encore affectives indispensables à la compréhension du discours.Pour cela, une première série d’études explore l’effet de la surdité et de la langue des signes sur le traitement visuel périphérique et notamment dans l’espace périphérique inférieur. Les résultats montrent que la pratique de la langue des signes chez les entendants peut influencer des aspects spécifiques du traitement visuel de l’espace inférieur et que principalement la rapidité du traitement visuel de bas niveau. La deuxième série d’études explore l’effet de la surdité et de la langue des signes sur le traitement des visages et notamment la reconnaissance des visages et des expressions faciales. Les résultats montrent des différences dans la stratégie d’exploration des visages pour la reconnaissance des visages chez les sourds signeurs avec un effet de la pratique de la langue des signes dans les mécanismes de prise de décision de reconnaissance des visages. Enfin, la surdité associée à la pratique de la langue des signes ne semble pas affecter les seuils de catégorisation d’émotions. Les résultats de nos six études enrichissent la littérature actuelle sur la plasticité sensorielle chez les personnes sourdes signeuses et illustrent l’importance de contrôler systématiquement l’effet de la langue des signes puisqu’elle semble induire des modifications dans le traitement visuel qui lui sont propres. Mots clés : Surdité, langue des signes, plasticité visuelle, périphérie visuelle, reconnaissance des visages, reconnaissances des émotions / Our visual system presents some flexibility and experience has been shown to tune it. Early profound deafness and sign language experience can therefore be considered as two potential sources of visual plasticity. The aim of this thesis is to untangle the respective impact of deafness (or auditory deprivation) and sign language experience on peripheral visual field perception and face processing and facial expressions recognition; two crucial mechanisms for sign language communication. Signs are indeed perceived in the lower part of the peripheral visual field and faces provided syntactic, grammatical or affective information to precise or nuances linguistic gestures. A first series of studies explores deafness and sign language experience effects on peripheral visual perception and more particularly in the lower visual space from basic to more complex visual processing. Results suggest that sign language experience in hearing population can affect some aspect of lower visual field processing and that early deafness mainly increase speed of low-level visual processing. The second series of studies explores deafness and sign language experience impact on face processing and more particularly on face recognition and expression recognition. Results suggest a difference in gaze strategy to explore and recognize face in deaf signers supported by a shift in decision-making strategy in both deaf and hearing signers for face recognition. Finally, deafness combined to sign language experience doesn’t seem to affect thresholds for facial expression recognition and categorization. Altogether the results from these six studies provide new insight in our current knowledge about visual perception in early deaf signers and highlight the importance to systematically control sign language experience since its experience can have an impact in both hearing and deaf signers. Key words: Deafness, sign language, visual plasticity, visual periphery, face recognition, facial expression recognition

Objetivo. Avaliar o campo visual em ex-trabalhadores de fábricas de lâmpadas fluorescentes com diagnóstico de mercurialismo metálico crônico ocupacional, através de testes psicofísicos de campimetria computadorizada e registros eletrofisiológicos da retina obtidos através do eletrorretinograma multifocal. Método. A avaliação psicofísica do campo visual foi realizada em 35 ex-trabalhadores (idade média = 44,2 ± 5,9 anos; 30 homens) no equipamento Humphrey Field Analyzer II (modelo 750i) em dois testes: acromático (standard automated perimetry) e azul-amarelo (short wavelength automated perimetry). O programa Visual Evoked Response Imaging System (VERISTM Science 5.0) permitiu o registro e análise dos sinais eletrofisiológicos da retina através do eletrorretinograma multifocal em 32 ex-trabalhadores (idade média = 44,6 ± 5,5 anos; 27 homens) dos 35 que realizaram os testes de campimetria computadorizada. Os resultados foram comparados com um grupo controle para o campo visual (n = 34; idade média = 43,3 ± 8,3 anos; 21 homens) e com outro grupo controle para o eletrorretinograma multifocal (n = 21; idade média = 43,5 ± 8,9 anos; 10 homens). Resultados. Os exames psicofísicos de campimetria computadorizada mostraram que há redução da sensibilidade visual em regiões centrais até 27? do campo visual. No exame acromático a diminuição da sensibilidade ocorreu, inclusive, na região foveal. O exame azul-amarelo confirmou a redução encontrada no exame acromático para regiões paracentrais até 27° de excentricidade. O eletrorretinograma multifocal apresentou redução nas amplitudes das respostas retinianas em regiões centrais até 25°, sem alteração no tempo implícito das respostas. As regiões paracentrais mostraram redução significativa para os valores de amplitude do primeiro componente negativo (N1) e do primeiro componente positivo (P1). Discussão. A redução na sensibilidade visual em diferentes regiões do campo visual, confirma que há prejuízos no sistema visual decorrentes da exposição crônica ao vapor de mercúrio. Nesse caso, não se pode especificar as regiões afetadas, porque a metodologia utilizada não permite isolar estruturas da via visual e, consequentemente, não permite localizar as regiões específicas que o mercúrio estaria prejudicando preferencialmente. Os prejuízos causados pela intoxicação ao vapor de mercúrio na retina parecem ser difusos, considerando que a redução de amplitude das respostas de N1 e P1 pode indicar prejuízos em diferentes grupos celulares da retina. Os resultados mostram que parte dos prejuízos de campo visual causados pelo vapor de mercúrio estão relacionados com alterações retinianas. Os resultados estão de acordo com trabalhos preliminares que monstraram alterações visuais que permanecem mesmo anos após o afastamento da fonte de exposição, sugerindo que a intoxicação por vapor de mercúrio pode não ser totalmente reversível. Conclusão. Os sujeitos expostos cronicamente ao vapor de mercúrio durante um período de 10 anos (em média) apresentam redução da sensibilidade visual em diferentes regiões do campo visual, mesmo após 7 anos (em média) de afastamento da fonte expositora. Pode haver prejuízos em diferentes regiões da via visual envolvidos nas alterações de campo visual, mas parte desses prejuízos causados pela exposição crônica ocupacional ao vapor de mercúrio possui origem retiniana. / Purpose. To analyse visual field sensitivity in a group of workers retired from thefluorescent lamp industry diagnosed with chronic occupational metallic mercurialism using psychophysical tests such as automated perimetry and measuring the retina cells\' electrical responses with the multifocal electroretinogram. Methods. The psychophysical evaluation of the visual field was performed in 35 retired workers (mean age = 44.2 ± 5.9 years; 30 males) using Humphrey Field Analyzer II (model 750i) device in two different tests: SAP (standard automated perimetry) and SWAP (short wavelength automated perimetry). The Visual Evoked Response Imaging System (VERISTM Science 5.0) provided us the electrophysiological recordings and analysis of the retina based on measurement data from the multifocal electroretinogram in 32 retired workers (mean age = 44.6 ± 5.5 years; 27 males) that were included in the 35 automated perimetry test subjects. The results were compared with an age-matched control group using the visual field tests (n = 34; mean age = 43.3 ± 8.3 years; 21 males) and to another age-matched control group at the multifocal electroretinogram (n = 21; mean age = 43.5 ± 8.9 years; 10 males). Results. The automated perimetry tests have shown visual sensitivity reductions in the central areas around 27° of eccentricity. In the SAP test sensitivity decrease was found even in the foveal region. The SWAP test results are in agreement with the reduction found around 27° in the SAP test at mid-peripheral areas. The multifocal electroretinogram has shown decreases in amplitude in the retina recordings in the central areas around 25° of eccentricity, but there were no implicit time reductions. The mid-peripheral areas have shown significant reductions in the amplitude values in the first negative component (N1) and in the first positive component (P1) as well. Discussion. The visual sensitivity reductions in the different visual field areas confirm the visual damages in patients with long-term mercury vapor exposure. In this case the affected visual pathway sections could not be determined since the applied psychophysical method does not allow us to indicate the specific visual structure principally damaged by the mercury vapor. The damages found in the retina due to mercury vapor intoxication can be considered broadly dispersed, since the reductions in N1 and P1 amplitudes might be the indications of damages in multiple retina cell groups. Our results show that some visual field losses are related to various retinal alterations caused by the mercury vapor. The results are in agreement with preliminary works that showed visual dysfunctions after several years away from the mercury vapor source suggesting that mercury vapor intoxication may not be completely reversible. Conclusion. The long-term (10 years in average) mercury vapor exposed workers have shown visual sensitivity reductions in different visual field areas after 7 years (in average) away from the mercury vapor source. In our present study we would like to indicate that visual field reductions cannot only be related to damages in the various sections of the visual pathway, but some of these visual field losses can occur due to retinal alterations caused by cronic mercury vapor exposure.