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Dom är så oroliga : En studie om skolpersonals tal om elever i relationssvårigheterLarsson, Hans January 2008 (has links)
<p>Abstract</p><p> </p><p>This licentiate’s dissertation is about how school staff talk about pupils having difficulties in relating to teachers and other pupils. It’s specific focus is on pupils which are described as “disturbing”, “troublesome”,”unruly”, “unconcentrated” or characterised by similar concepts. The main aim is to elucidate and discuss how school staff explain pupils’ difficulties, what measures they state that they undertake and what measures they consider necessary.</p><p>The study is based on a social constructive approach. This means that the way we understand the world we live in is seen as shaped by social and cultural processes mediated through language. A consequence of this is that the way the staff talk about pupils in difficulties will influence how they relate to those children and how they work at solving the problems.</p><p>The empirical material consists of interviews with six principals, six Special Educational Needs Co-ordinators and six class teachers from six different schools. 15 of the people interviewed work with 11–13 year olds and three of them with 7–9 year olds. The material from the interviews is categorised into themes and further analysed in order to present a systematic overview of the ways in which the staff talk about children in difficulties.</p><p>The result shows that the problems are understood as complex and full of nuances. Explanations of the problems from medical/psychological perspectives have no distinguished status. It is more common that the problems are related to social conditions, family situation and school environment.</p><p>The study also shows that different professional groups usually place the responsibility for solving the problems with other professional groups. The way the concerned principal looks upon the problem seems be important for the way the problem is dealt with.</p><p>The way the staff studied talk about the school activities indicates that schools differ concerning issues like organisation, the role of the Special Needs Co-ordinator, co-operation between different professional groups etc. As a consequence pupils having difficulties in relating to other people will be subjected to different conditions depending on what school they attend. The school as an arena of identity creation and citizenship education will offer hence different opportunities to different children in difficulties.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Keywords:</em><strong> </strong>special educational needs, social constructionism, children in need of support,</p><p>problem behavior in schools</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p>Hans Larsson, Department of Education,</p><p>Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden, hans.larsson@oru.se</p>
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Att prata om, till eller med elever : En kvalitativ studie om lärares sätt att möta elever i svårigheterFalk, Sofia, Lycksell, Helén January 2015 (has links)
To talk about, talk to or with children. A conversation between a child and its teacher should be more than the teacher telling the child what to do, how to act. It should be more like a respectful and reverent meeting between two people where the adult sets the tone. The purpose of this research is to investigate teachers' experiences of conversations with children in need of special assistance. Our issues: What do teachers say about how they meet children in need of support? How do teachers response to students who are in difficulty? What ability have teachers and their school's to meet children in need of support and what appear to be particularly important or problematic issues for them in that work? In order to find some answers to our questions we interviewed ten teachers at two schools. Some of the teachers told us that they would really like to have more of relationship building, empathetic conversations with children, but felt that the school structure, form, and the working conditions prevented them. Other teachers felt that it was not their job to take the time to converse with individual children. Good relations between teachers and children may be crucial for the child´s ability to succeed and to thrive in school. Especially when a child is in any kind of difficulty, it is important that there is someone who listens and tries to understand how to customize something for the better.
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Patienters behov av stöd vid synfältsundersökning / Patients' needs for support in conjunction with visual field examinationSun Pollack, Ellen January 2015 (has links)
Glaukom är en vanligt förekommande kronisk åldersrelateradögonsjukdom som påverkar synfunktionen och innebär oftast enlivslång ögondroppsbehandling. Det är av stor vikt att patientermed glaukom gör regelbundna datorsynfältsundersökningar för attfå en god uppskattning av sjukdomsförloppet. Patienter medglaukom uttrycker att datorsynfältsundersökningen är obehagligoch mer ansträngande och krävande än andra syntester. Fråganväcks hur ögonsjuksköterskor på bästa sätt kan stödja patienternamed undersökningen och motivera dem att genomföra den. Syftetmed studien var att beskriva vilket behov av stöd patienter medglaukom har i samband med sitt besök på ögonklinik då degenomgår en datorsynfältsundersökning och vilket stöd de får avögonsjuksköterskor. Studien har en deskriptiv kvalitativ designmed semistrukturerade intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod ochdata bearbetades utifrån kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studieninnefattade intervjuer med fyra patienter med glaukom som fickbehandling med trycksänkande ögondroppar. Resultatet visade påtre kategorier; information, miljö och bemötande. I kategorininformation beskrevs behovet av information före och efterundersökningen och det stöd i form av information somögonsjuksköterskorna gav. I kategorin miljö skildrades behovet avmindre upplevd tidspress och mer tid för samtal och hurögonsjuksköterskor önskades förhålla sig under undersökningenför att skapa en lugn miljö för patienterna. Den sista kategorin varbemötande vilket belyste exempel på det stöd somögonsjuksköterskorna gav i mötet med patienterna. Mer kunskapom hur vårdpersonal kan ge bättre stöd åt patienter i samband medsynfältsundersökning är av betydelse för både patienter ochvårdenhet. Bättre omvårdnad kan leda till effektivare och merindividanpassad vård för patienterna. / Glaucoma is a common chronic age-related eye disease that affectsvisual function and usually leads to a life- long treatment with eyedrops to lower the intraocular pressure. It is very important thatpatients with glaucoma regularly perform visual field tests to getan estimation of the progression of the disease. Patients withglaucoma express visual field examinations as unpleasant andmore exhausting and demanding than other eye examinations. Thequestion raised how ophthalmic nurses in eye- care can supportpatients performing the tests and motivate them to accomplish.The aim of the study was to describe the need of support patientswith glaucoma was associated with during the visit to the eyeclinic when they undergo a visual field examination and whichsupport they get from the nurses. The study has a descriptivequalitative design using semi-structured interviews as datacollection and data were processed on the basis of qualitativecontent analysis. The study included interviews with four patientswho were treated with eye drops due to glaucoma. The resultsrevealed three categories: information, environment and location.Within the category of information, the need of information beforeand after the visual field test was described but also the support thenurses gave in terms of information was defined. Concerning thecategory of environment the need of less perceived time pressure,more time for talks and how nurses relate the survey to create apeaceful environment for the patients was declared. The lastcategory highlighted examples of the support which nurses gave inthe meeting with the patients. More knowledge about how healthprofessionals can provide better support to patients in the contextof visual field examination is of importance for both patients andhealth care. Better nursing can lead to more effective andindividualized care for patients.
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Gör jag rätt eller fel? : En systematisk litteraturstudie kring sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att medverka vid inducerade aborter.Saungweme, Ashlove, Yaqub, Ayan, Szybowska, Paulina January 2011 (has links)
Background: According to the Swedish Social Board induced abortions are increasing in the modern day society. Nurses who work with in the gynecological department can come across patients seeking care for an induced abortion. Theoretical framework: The findings of the study will be discussed in relation to Peplau's nursing theory, ethical concepts and nursing concepts. Aim: The aim of the literature review was to illuminate the experiences of nurses working with induced abortion. Method: A systematic literature review with an inductive approach was chosen. The findings are based on seven qualitative and two quantitative studies. The articles were assessed through two different modified templates based on qualitative or quantitative design. Findings: Nurses and midwives experienced their work with induced abortions as emotionally stressful. However, it was highlighted that all women have the right whether to choose abortion or to proceed with the pregnancy. Difficulties were identified in coping with abortion work. Such difficulties could easily occur when ethical dilemmas were caused by religion, personal values and experiences. Several coping strategies were identified. However, nurses and midwives aired their views concerning the need of more support from colleagues and the department head. Conclusion: It is clear that nurses are in need of assistance in various forms to ventilate and manage their emotions, in order to promote the professional approach and be able to offer a patient-centered care.
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Delaktighet hos barn i behov av särskilt stöd : En studie om hur möjligheten ser ut för barn i behov av särskilt stöd att få vara med och påverka vardagen i förskolans verksamhetEriksson, Ingela, Andersson, Elin January 2014 (has links)
Earlier studies shows that democracy within the preschool is an important and on-going work, but could implicate certain consequences. For example that goals regarding democracy and influence in the preschool, rarely is done in practice but instead remains just words on a paper. It could also mean that the pedagogues lack education and knowledge within the area, but also how they react to the influence of children. Preschool is expected to be a place for all children, no matter what luggage the child is carrying. The luggage is filled with the life experience, the personality and in this case the needs that the child has. The needs could be anything from nearness to physical and psychological disorders that requires more pedagogical attention. We have in this study looked closer into how children in need of certain support are allowed to influence the everyday work in the preschool. We have observed two different preschools within the same school district, interviewed teachers and handed out questionnaires to parents and legal guardians. The object has been to study if children with disabilities and children without disabilities, gets the same opportunity to influence and to participate in the everyday work in the preschool. Our question formulation in this study is; How does children with special needs get the opportunity to influence the everyday work within the preschool? By comparing these preschools we have been able to draw the conclusion that differences exist regarding how the children gets to influence the everyday work in the preschool. A lot of it has to do with what approach and viewpoint the pedagogue has regarding inclusion. The goals from the curriculum and other steering documents, often ends up only being guidelines and are not fulfilled. The children we have studied has disabilities which are both neurological and neuropsychiatrical. The result in this study does not represent the entire teacher community. It is only based on the preschools that we have decided to observe.
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Matematiskt begåvade elever : Undervisning i teori och praktikEnevoldsen, Madelene January 2017 (has links)
Den föreliggande systematiska litteraturstudien behandlar matematiskt begåvade elevers skolsituation i grundskolan. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur matematiskt begåvade elever egentligen undervisas och vilket reellt stöd de får i sin akademiska progression. Matematiskt begåvade elever undervisas vanligtvis genom inkluderande eller exkluderande undervisning. De olika undervisningspraktikerna har olika fördelar och nackdelar och påverkar både begåvade elever och normalbegåvade elevers akademiska progression och personliga utveckling, men på olika sätt. / The systematic literature study processes mathematically talented students' school situation in elementary school. The study aims to investigate how mathematically talented students are actually taught and what real support they receive in their academic progression. Mathematically talented students are usually taught through inclusive or exclusive teaching. The different teaching practices results in different advantages and disadvantages and affect both talented students and the normal progressive students' academic progression and personal development, but in different ways.
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"Dom är så oroliga" : en studie om skolpersonalens tal om elever i relationssvårigheterLarsson, Hans January 2008 (has links)
This licentiate’s dissertation is about how school staff talk about pupils having difficulties in relating to teachers and other pupils. It’s specific focus is on pupils which are described as “disturbing”, “troublesome”,”unruly”, “unconcentrated” or characterised by similar concepts. The main aim is to elucidate and discuss how school staff explain pupils’ difficulties, what measures they state that they undertake and what measures they consider necessary. The study is based on a social constructive approach. This means that the way we understand the world we live in is seen as shaped by social and cultural processes mediated through language. A consequence of this is that the way the staff talk about pupils in difficulties will influence how they relate to those children and how they work at solving the problems. The empirical material consists of interviews with six principals, six Special Educational Needs Co-ordinators and six class teachers from six different schools. 15 of the people interviewed work with 11–13 year olds and three of them with 7–9 year olds. The material from the interviews is categorised into themes and further analysed in order to present a systematic overview of the ways in which the staff talk about children in difficulties. The result shows that the problems are understood as complex and full of nuances. Explanations of the problems from medical/psychological perspectives have no distinguished status. It is more common that the problems are related to social conditions, family situation and school environment. The study also shows that different professional groups usually place the responsibility for solving the problems with other professional groups. The way the concerned principal looks upon the problem seems be important for the way the problem is dealt with. The way the staff studied talk about the school activities indicates that schools differ concerning issues like organisation, the role of the Special Needs Co-ordinator, co-operation between different professional groups etc. As a consequence pupils having difficulties in relating to other people will be subjected to different conditions depending on what school they attend. The school as an arena of identity creation and citizenship education will offer hence different opportunities to different children in difficulties.
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Preschool teachers’ perceptions of inclusion and their setting’s inclusiveness in GreeceKarteri, Chrysiis January 2021 (has links)
The perceptions of inclusive education play a significant role in the successful implementation of inclusion practices. The purpose of this study was to identify and investigate preschool teachers’ perceptions of inclusive education in mainstream education in Greece, as well as the extent of their settings’ inclusiveness. Their beliefs, actions, personal and professional factors that influence these attitudes were in the center of this study. The data were collected from a sample composed of 33 preschool teachers working in mainstream preschool settings located in urban and rural areas of Greece. This investigation utilized a mixed-method approach collecting data from interviews and questionnaires. The results indicated the preschool teachers’ positive but skeptical perspective. The interviews indicated issues on the practical implementation of inclusive education, due to the lack of expertise and support and the questionnaires confirmed these findings, highlighting the tremendous effort from the teachers’ behalf to work under adverse conditions. These results pointed out a need for continuous training on special and inclusive education and for the collaboration of all structures related to education. Only so, will the positive perceptions among mainstream preschool teachers be able to reach the successful implementation of inclusion at the educational process.
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Elever i behov av slöjd? : -om slöjdämnets förutsättningar att möta elever i behov av stöd / Students in need of sloyd? : - about the sloyd subject ́s abilities to meet students in need of supportRangstrand Hjort, Sarah January 2020 (has links)
Rangstrand Hjort, Sarah (2020). Students in need of sloyd? - About the sloyd subject’s abilities to meet students in need of support. (Elever i behov av slöjd? - Om slöjdämnets förutsättningar att möta elever i behov av stöd). Master’s degree in special education, 120p, Department of School Development and Leadership, Faculty of Education and Society, Malmo University. The sloyd subject offers to some extent a different way of learning compared to the more theoretical subjects. The process and the assignments in the work become more visible as it is performed working with physical material, it also engages the student since the education often is based on the student's personal ideas and expressions. The question is if sloyd as a subject has other opportunities to meet students in need of support, and if so, what could be the reasons for it? The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze how the teaching of sloyd meets students in need of support and what abilities the sloyd subject has in order to create a accessible learning environment. The questions of the study are; How do sloyd teachers, special educators and principals reason about the sloyd subject's abilities to meet students in need of support? How are the local conditions for meeting students in need of support within the sloyd subject described? Researching sloyd as a subject requires the inclusion of research in other areas, since sloyd is still a relatively unexplored field. This study contributes to deepening the understanding of the conditions of the sloyd subject from a special educational perspective. The empirical data is based on 14 semi-structured interviews with sloyd teachers, special educators and principals at five different schools. These three occupational categories have been chosen since they probably are the ones that are best suited to answer the questions of the study. The empiric data has been analyzed based on Engeström's (1987) activity theory. The result of the study shows that sloyd as a subject in some ways has specific abilities to meet students in need of support. The smaller groups create opportunities that make it easier to meet the students in the education, it also helps creating a meaningful relationship. The practical parts of the work together with the visible physical result provide a confirmation that the given assignment has been performed. From an activity theory perspective, however, a clarification of the teaching is needed in order to find strategies to meet these students together with other colleagues at the school. Course of events and mechanisms at other levels also affect the possibilities of sloyd as a subject. Partly through the internal culture at the school, where sloyd easily falls into the background and partly through the national governance that tends to reduce the sloyd’s specific abilities and opportunities. This study, to illuminate the subject of sloyd based on the abilities to meet students in need of support, could help bringing these angles together and steer them in the direction of a school context. The study also helps to show factors that both enable and hinder the sloyd subject's abilities to meet students in need of support.
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Inkludering – en studie om lärares syn på och erfarenheter av klassrummets mångfaldLennström, Susanne, Lidberg-Wallström, Åsa January 2015 (has links)
The aim with this thesis was to study how primary school teachers perceive their mission in working with inclusive education. The aim was also to study their thoughts and experience of the Special education support. To conduct the inquiry twelve primary school teachers from two different communities in Sweden were asked to give their views of inclusive education. The central issues was how the primary school teachers interprets the concept of inclusion, the opportunities and obstacles they perceived and how the Special education support was formed in the work with inclusion in their schools. The result shows that the majority part of the primary teachers interprets the concept as a spatial or social inclusion. The result also shows that primary teachers are familiar with the values given by national curriculum but to perceive all students as an asset in their daily educational work the primary teachers expressed a feeling of uncertainty. The Special education support was described as compensatory where the students mainly get help to catch up, often in a small group or individually. The conclusion is that the Special education mainly works traditionally and few teachers question the approach. The word inclusion was understood differently by the primary teachers and they perceived inclusion more like an obstacle than as an opportunity. A major reason is the requirement of high effectiveness and fear of not suffice for all students. / Syftet med denna studie var att få kunskap om hur grundskollärare ser på och uppfattar sitt uppdrag att arbeta med en inkluderande skolverksamhet. Syftet var också att undersöka deras tankar kring och erfarenhet av det specialpedagogiska stödet i detta arbete. För att genomföra studien har tolv grundskollärare i årskurserna 1-6 från två olika kommuner i Sverige genom kvalitativa intervjuer fått ge sin syn på verksamheten. Intervjuerna har utgått ifrån forskningsfrågorna hur grundskollärare tolkar begreppet inkludering, vilka möjligheter och hinder lärarna kan se med ett inkluderande arbetssätt och hur lärarna ser på det specialpedagogiska stödet vid inkludering. Resultaten visar på att de flesta lärare tolkar begreppet inkludering som placeringsorienterad, en fysisk placering, och/eller individorienterad, när enskild elev behöver stöd. Våra resultat visar också på att lärare är väl förtrogna med den värdegrundstanke som genomsyrar skolans styrdokument, men när det gäller att se alla elever som en tillgång i klassrummet och möta dem där de är, beskriver de en känsla av otillräcklighet. Det specialpedagogiska stödet beskrivs som kompensatoriskt, där eleven får stöd i att hinna ikapp övriga elever, oftast enskilt eller i liten grupp utanför ordinarie undervisningslokal. Slutsatsen blir att den specialpedagogiska verksamheten främst arbetar traditionellt och få lärare förändrar det arbetssättet. Ordet inkludering uppfattas olika av lärarna och inkludering ses mer som ett hinder än som en möjlighet. En stor anledning till det är kravet på hög måluppfyllelse och rädsla för att inte räcka till för alla elever.
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