CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / Entre as tecnologias utilizadas em enfermagem tem-se, na assistÃncia à pessoa cega, a tecnologia assistiva (TA). O desenvolvimento e uso deste tipo de tecnologia pode ser uma ferramenta na promoÃÃo da saÃde e no fornecimento de informaÃÃes que visem uma melhoria no processo de comunicaÃÃo em saÃde. Estudo anterior desenvolveu uma TA em saÃde sobre a prevenÃÃo ao uso de drogas psicoativas entre cegos, mediada pelo acesso a distÃncia. Ante a aceitaÃÃo da TA, decidiu-se por um estudo de aprofundamento e avaliaÃÃo desta TA por parte de especialistas. Dos diversos modelos, o de Pasquali (1999) apresenta-se como um referencial teÃrico-metodolÃgico possÃvel para a avaliaÃÃo de tecnologias, optando-se, neste estudo, por seguir as fases do pÃlo teÃrico elaborado por este autor. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar a referida TA em alguns pontos, como: aspectos de conteÃdo sobre drogas psicoativas; aspectos pedagÃgicos, relativos à acessibilidade Ãs pessoas cegas; e aspectos tÃcnicos, concernentes Ãs questÃes do acesso a distÃncia. Trata-se de um estudo de avaliaÃÃo de tecnologia, descritivo, realizado entre marÃo e setembro de 2009, contando com a infra-estrutura do LaboratÃrio de ComunicaÃÃo em SaÃde da Universidade Federal do Cearà (LabCom_SaÃde-UFC). Participaram nove juÃzes especialistas, no total de trÃs para cada respectiva Ãrea de conteÃdo sobre drogas, educaÃÃo especial com Ãnfase em educaÃÃo de cegos e acesso a distÃncia. Cada grupo de juÃzes trabalhou uma etapa e estas foram sucessivas, pois estes profissionais faziam suas avaliaÃÃes, a pesquisadora promovia os ajustes, os quais, em seguida, eram submetidos novamente à avaliaÃÃo dos profissionais. ConstruÃram-se trÃs instrumentos de avaliaÃÃo cujos itens versavam sobre especificidades de cada uma das referidas Ãreas e seus itens, valorados de um a quatro, assim definidos: adequado, parcialmente adequado, inadequado e nÃo se aplica. Todos os juÃzes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Sobre as avaliaÃÃes, as dos especialistas em conteÃdo apontaram para a qualidade do conteÃdo da TA e eles solicitaram ajustes de correÃÃo ortogrÃfica, aprimoramento de alguns conceitos e clarificaÃÃo de termos tÃcnicos. Quanto aos juÃzes de aspectos pedagÃgicos, avaliaram todos os itens como adequados. Apesar disso, sugeriram melhoria nos sintetizadores de voz, ferramentas necessÃrias à acessibilidade do cego ao computador, e tambÃm a inclusÃo de um Ãudio convidando os internautas a acessarem a tecnologia. Finalmente, os juÃzes de aspectos tÃcnicos apontaram a necessidade de inclusÃo de ferramentas grÃficas e de multimÃdia. Tais sugestÃes nÃo foram prontamente acatadas por contradizerem de certa forma a literatura referente a aspectos de acesso a distÃncia por pessoas cegas. Diante de todas estas consideraÃÃes, acredita-se que a TA foi devidamente avaliada como um meio viÃvel e seguro de fornecimento de informaÃÃes em saÃde sobre drogas psicoativas para pessoas cegas. Deste modo, como detalhado, a pessoa cega pode acessÃ-la individualmente, apreciÃ-la quando desejar e quantas vezes se fizer necessÃrio. Julgou-se a TA interessante, colaborativa no processo de aprendizagem e ferramenta Ãtil na promoÃÃo e comunicaÃÃo em saÃde mediada pelo acesso a distÃncia. As sugestÃes colaboraram para fortalecer a acessibilidade da referida tecnologia. / Technologies for nursing care delivery to blind people include assistive technology (AT). The development and use of this type of technology can be a tool for health promotion and information provision with a view to improving the health communication process. An earlier study developed a health AT on the prevention of psychoactive drugs consumption among blind people, mediated by distance access. As the AT was accepted, the researchers decided to subject it to a deeper expert assessment study. Among different options, Pasqualiâs (1999) model is a possible theoretical-methodological reference framework for technology assessment. In this study, the phases of the theoretical pole elaborated by this author will be followed. Thus, the goal was to assess some points of the AT, such as: aspects of content on psychoactive drugs; pedagogical aspects related to accessibility for blind people; and technical aspects related to distance access issues. A descriptive technology assessment research was carried out between March and September 2009, using the infrastructure of the Health Communication Laboratory at Cearà Federal University (LabcomSaÃde-UFC). Nine expert judges participated, totalling three for each respective area of content about drugs, special education with emphasis on education for the blind and distance access. Each group of judges worked on one phase, with one phase following the other, as these professionals elaborated their assessments, the researcher made adjustments, which were then resubmitted to the professionalsâ assessment. Three assessment instruments were constructed, whose items addressed specificities of each area and its items, with scores ranging from one to four, defined as follows: adequate, partially adequate, inadequate and does not apply. All judges signed the Free and Informed Consent Term. The content expertsâ assessments pointed towards the quality of the ATâs content and requested orthographic corrections, improvements in some concepts and clarifications of technical terms. The pedagogical aspect judges considered all aspects as adequate. Nevertheless, they suggested improvements in voice synthesizers, tools needed for the blind to have computer access, as well as the inclusion of audio material, inviting participants to access the technology. Finally, the technical aspect judges indicated the need to include graphic and multimedia tools. These suggestions were not readily accepted because, in a sense, they go against literature on aspects of distance access by blind people. In view of all of these considerations, the AT was properly assessed as a viable and afe means for health information provision about psychoactive drugs to blind people. Thus, as detailed, blind people can access the AT individually, whenever and as many times as they want. The technology was considered interesting, collaborating in the learning process and a useful tool for health promotion and communication mediated by distance access. The suggestions collaborated to strengthen access to this technology

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / Tecnologia assistiva à um recurso de acessibilidade para integrar a pessoa com deficiÃncia e amenizar prejuÃzos da exclusÃo. Materiais educativos acessÃveis aos cegos passÃveis de ser veiculados na rede web poderÃo aumentar sua independÃncia e autonomia. Nos Ãltimos anos, a inclusÃo digital constitui tema amplamente enfatizado em nÃvel educacional, no contexto social, trabalho e saÃde. As pessoas tÃm necessidade de se sentirem incluÃdas em qualquer ambiente, no intuito de interagir, comunicar-se, expressar-se e aceitar-se mutuamente. Estudo desenvolvido no LaboratÃrio de ComunicaÃÃo em SaÃde do Departamento de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, com o objetivo de avaliar uma tecnologia assistiva para cegos na modalidade de literatura de cordel sobre aleitamento materno por meio do acesso a distÃncia para promoÃÃo da saÃde. Utilizou-se como referencial teÃrico-metodolÃgico o modelo de Pasquali (1999) concretizando o pÃlo teÃrico. Realizado de marÃo a setembro de 2009, teve como colaboradores trÃs juÃzes de cada especialidade: conteÃdo, literatura de cordel, aspectos pedagÃgicos e aspectos tÃcnicos. Para a coleta, adotou-se preenchimento de instrumento que avaliava questÃes referentes a conteÃdo, regras da literatura de cordel, acessibilidade do cego a esta tecnologia e sua utilizaÃÃo a distÃncia. AnÃlise feita mediante comparaÃÃes das anotaÃÃes dos juÃzes e reflexÃo crÃtica sobre as sugestÃes. Respeitaram-se os aspectos Ãticos segundo a ResoluÃÃo 196/96. A tecnologia recebeu ajustes apÃs avaliaÃÃes atà sua aprovaÃÃo. Enquanto os juÃzes de conteÃdo e de literatura de cordel fizeram duas avaliaÃÃes na perspectiva de melhorar o cordel, cujas consideraÃÃes foram inseridas no instrumento da prÃpria tecnologia, os juÃzes de aspectos pedagÃgicos (disponibilizaÃÃo da tecnologia a pessoa cega) avaliaram uma vez, visto sugerirem poucos ajustes. Nesta fase, uma das especialistas era cega, fato importante para o trabalho porque a tecnologia destina-se a esta populaÃÃo. Consideraram-se quase todos os itens plenamente adequados nesta Ãnica anÃlise. Os juÃzes de aspectos tÃcnicos (utilizaÃÃo desta tecnologia a distÃncia) fizeram somente uma avaliaÃÃo, pois, para segunda anÃlise, somente uma juÃza preencheu o instrumento. Conforme notou-se nesta etapa, eles relacionaram o estudo com a educaÃÃo a distÃncia, porÃm a pesquisa refere-se ao acesso a distÃncia para assimilar um conteÃdo em saÃde. Todas as contribuiÃÃes foram vÃlidas por subsidiarem e estimularem a aprendizagem, incentivando a autonomia. Portanto, a tecnologia està adequada e pode ser utilizada para a educaÃÃo em saÃde a distÃncia. Seu conteÃdo nÃo reflete nenhum tipo de discriminaÃÃo ou preconceito e a duraÃÃo do Ãudio està adequada. A construÃÃo de tecnologia assistiva deve ser submetida a anÃlise para sua validaÃÃo antes de ser disponibilizada ao pÃblico. Neste estudo, o pÃlo teÃrico, segundo modelo supracitado, foi entÃo realizado e os pÃlos empÃrico e analÃtico serÃo efetivados em estudo posterior. Para desenvolver tecnologias capazes de tornar o indivÃduo autÃnomo e saudÃvel e, com isso, promover a saÃde da populaÃÃo, o enfermeiro deve reconhecer demandas e necessidades da comunidade à qual assiste / Care technology is an accessibility resource to integrate disabled people and mitigate the harms of exclusion. Educative materials accessible to blind people that can be disseminated through the Internet can increase their independence and autonomy. In recent years, digital inclusion is widely emphasized in education, within the social, work and health context. People need to feel included in any environment, with a view to interacting, communicating, expressing themselves and feeling mutually accepted. This research was developed at the Health Communication Laboratory of the Nursing Department at the Federal University of CearÃ, Brazil. The goal was to assess a care technology for blind people, based on string literature about breastfeeding, using distance access for health promotion. Pasqualiâs model (1999) was used as a theoretical-methodological framework, concretizing the theoretical pole. The research was carried out from March to September 2009. Three experts in each specialty collaborated: content, string literature, pedagogical aspects and technical aspects. For data collection, an instrument was filled out that assessed questions related to content, rules of string literature, the blindâs accessibility to this technology and its distance use. The analysis involved comparing the expertsâ notes and critically reflecting on their suggestions. Ethical aspects were respected in compliance with Resolution 196/96. After assessments, the technology was adjusted until its final approval. While the content and string literature experts made two assessments from the perspective of improving the string, whose considerations were included into the technology instrument itself, the pedagogical aspect experts (availability of technology to blind people) made only one, as they suggested few adjustments. In that phase, one of the experts was blind, which was important for the research because the technology targets the blind population. Almost all items were considered totally adequate in the final analysis. Technical aspect experts (use of this technology at a distance) made only one assessment as, for a second analysis, only one expert filled out the instrument. As observed in this phase, they related the study with distance education, but the research refers to distance access to assimilate contents in health. All contributions were valid because they support and stimulate learning, encouraging autonomy. Therefore, the technology is adequate and can be used for distance health education. Its contents do not reflect any type of discrimination or prejudice and the duration of the audio is adequate. The construction of care technology should be submitted to analysis with a view to its validation before being put at the publicâs disposal. In this research, the theoretical pole, according to the abovementioned model, was carried out, while the empirical and analytical poles will be carried out in future research. To develop technologies that can make people autonomous and health and, thus, promote the populationâs health, nurses should recognize the demands and needs of the community they deliver care to.

Orientador: Luiz César Martini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T21:33:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MejiaCampoverde_PaulHernan_M.pdf: 4482604 bytes, checksum: eeeb54d15705da44491aeaab2786bac7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta a Calculadora Financeira FINANVOX como uma ferramenta alternativa de apoio para as pessoas deficientes visuais, no desempenho de atividades na área das ciências exatas, especificamente no campo da Matemática Financeira. A Calculadora Financeira FINANVOX surgiu em 2011, como uma nova aplicação para o sistema DOSVOX, o qual fornece apoio total ao deficiente visual. FINANVOX ajuda especificamente no desenvolvimento e execução de cálculos financeiros e estatísticos, através do uso do teclado do computador para a entrada de dados, realizando a comunicação com o usuário através de síntese de fala, facilitando a interação das pessoas deficientes visuais com a ferramenta / Abstract: This paper presents a Financial Calculator FINANVOX as an alternative tool to sup-port visually impaired people in performing activities in the field of exact sciences, specifically in the field of Financial Mathematics. The Financial Calculator FINANVOX emerged in 2011 as a new application for the system DOSVOX, which provides full support for the visually impaired. FINANVOX assistance for development and execution of financial and statistical calculations, using the computer keyboard for entering data, making communicating with the user via speech synthesis, facilitating the interaction of visually impaired people with the tool / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientador: Jose Julio Gavião de Almeida / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T05:37:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Munster_MeydeAbreuvan_D.pdf: 23092553 bytes, checksum: 4db69145625991b15ef99a3d1dc9aff0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: A escolha do tema ¿Esportes na Natureza enquanto possibilidade para a pessoa com deficiência visual¿ justifica-se pela necessidade de trazer, para o âmbito acadêmico, a discussão referente ao exercício pedagógico de tais modalidades esportivas, sob o argumento de que o envolvimento com esse conjunto de práticas consiste em uma experiência existencial fértil para o fortalecimento das relações da pessoa com deficiência visual consigo mesma, com o outro, e com a sociedade. A partir de um referencial sócio-educativo, este estudo visa discutir a pedagogia dos Esportes na Natureza e os principais aspectos envolvidos em sua prática, analisando a contribuição dos mesmos em um programa de Atividade Motora para pessoas com deficiência visual. Sob perspectiva qualitativa e enfoque pedagógico, a presente pesquisa baseia-se em uma abordagem crítico-dialética, caracterizando-se como um estudo de caso. O quadro teórico envolveu a investigação de três pontos principais: análise do objeto de estudo em questão (os esportes na natureza); estudo da variável que caracteriza a população envolvida (a deficiência visual); descrição dos procedimentos metodológicos que nortearam a realização do Programa de Esportes na Natureza. O conteúdo programático abrangeu seis modalidades distintas: trekking, rafting, caving, escalada em rocha, canyoning e mergulho subaquático. A metodologia de ensino do programa foi baseada na conjugação de três elementos fundamentais: jogos cooperativos, jogos de sensibilização à natureza e educativos relacionados aos aspectos técnicos de cada uma das modalidades. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada junto ao Projeto de Extensão ¿Atividade Motora Adaptada a Pessoas com Deficiência Visual¿, promovido pela Faculdade de Educação Física da UNICAMP. A amostra envolvida neste estudo foi composta por um grupo de 11 pessoas com cegueira ou baixa visão, com faixa etária entre 14 e 52 anos. Durante a fase exploratória, caracterizada pelos encontros semanais e saídas a campo, foi empregada a observação participante como instrumento de coleta de dados. Após os 8 meses de duração do programa, teve início a segunda fase da pesquisa de campo, baseada na aplicação de uma entrevista semi-estruturada a cada integrante da amostra, utilizada como instrumento complementar de coleta de dados. Como forma de tratamento aos dados coletados, recorreu-se à análise de conteúdo sugerida por Bardin (1977) na tentativa de identificar, por meio do discurso dos participantes, as possíveis repercussões ou os principais aspectos envolvidos na prática de Esportes na Natureza durante a vivência do programa em questão / Abstract: The subject "Outdoor sports as a potential activity for the visually impaired" was chosen with the intention of bringing to light the matter of pedagogic application of this type of activity. Involvement with this type of activity consists in existential experience that can significantly contribute to strengthen relationships between the individual and himself, others and society. Starting from a socio-educational perspective, this study intends to discuss the pedagogy of sports in nature and the main issues involved in its practice, evaluating its contribution to a Physical Activity program for the visually deficient. Under a qualititive and pedagogical perspective this research bases itself on a critical/dialetic approach applied to a case study. The theoretical research involved investigating three main subjects: analysis of the object of study (outdoor sports); research into the variable that determines the population studied (visual impairment); and a description of the methodology that guided the application of the outdoor sports program. The programatic content covered six distinct sports: trekking, rafting, caving, rock climbing, canyoning and diving. The educational methodology based itself on three fundamental elements: cooperative games, nature-enabling games and instruction specific to the technical aspects of the selected sports. The field study was performed as part of the extension project "Adapted Physical Activity to people with visual impairment" promoted by the Physical Education College of Unicamp. The sample group in this study consisted of 11 people with varying levels of visual impairment, from age groups between 14 and 52 years. During the exploratory phase the sample group engaged in weekly activities, where participant observation was applied as a means to gather data. After 8 months into the program, the second phase of the field study was initiated, based on a semi-structured interview with members of the sample group as a complementary data collection instrument. The content analysis methodology suggested by Bardin (1977) was used to evaluate the data collected, with the intention of identifying from individual responses the potential repercussions and aspects involved in the practice of outdoor sports / Doutorado / Atividade Fisica, Adaptação e Saude / Doutor em Educação Física

People with vision impairment have various challenges in wayfinding, navigation, and crossing signalized intersections. They often face physical and information barriers that impede their mobility and undermine their safety along a trip. Visually impaired people usually use a white cane as their primary aid when crossing urban traffic intersections. In order to improve their mobility, safety and accessibility, it is important to provide an assistive system to help them in intersection navigation and to provide information regarding the surrounding environment. While assistive systems have been developed to help visually impaired pedestrians to navigate and find their way, using these systems may be inconvenient. Furthermore, none of the currently available systems provide communication between the users and traffic signal controller that can help them request pedestrian crossing signal timing. Emerging connected vehicle technologies can provide a solution to assist visually impaired people and address their challenges. Conflicts between vehicles and vulnerable road users (VRUs) often result in injuries and fatalities. A situational awareness system could be based on wireless communications between vehicles and VRUs for the exchange of situational awareness information. Compared to the radar-based and vision-based systems, the wireless-based system. can improve VRUs’ safety, especially in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) situations. In particular, it can be very helpful when drivers are making a right or left turn where there is a pedestrian in a crosswalk and visibility conditions are poor. The Smart Walk Assistant (SWA) system was designed, developed, and tested during the research of this dissertation. It includes two wireless communication pathways; pedestrian-to-infrastructure (P2I) and pedestrian-to-vehicle (P2V). The first communication pathway enables users to send a pedestrian signal request to the traffic signal controller and receive traffic signal status. The second communication pathway enables pedestrians and vehicles to exchange information, including location, speed, and heading, that can be used to detect possible conflict between pedestrian and vehicles and provide conflict alerts. The SWA system may be especially beneficial to pedestrians with disability (e.g., blind or visually impaired pedestrians) who would benefit from active support to safely cross streets at signalized intersections. Developing a reliable situational awareness system for pedestrians is much more challenging than for vehicles because a vehicle’s movement is more predictable and usually remains in the lane in the road. In order to provide better location-based services for pedestrians, a position accuracy is needed of, at most, the width of a crosswalk or sidewalk. The SWA system includes a method to estimate a pedestrian’s position. The algorithm is based on integrating Map-Matching and an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) in a connected vehicle environment to provide precise location information. The system architecture for the SWA application was developed to be applicable for both a simulation environment and a real world traffic system. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation environment is developed and calibrated to mimic the real world. Comprehensive testing and assessment of the system and algorithms are conducted in simulation as well as field test networks.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 2 billion people in the world will be aged 60 and over by the year 2050. Along with the aging process, there will be declination of sensory, physical and cognitive factors. Vision impairment is a worldwide problem faced by people of all ages. The usage of smartphones has escalated exponentially. Smartphones are now equipped with features like text to speech converters, speech interpreters, voice guided navigation, and intelligent assistants. Appropriately designed, these can be valuable tools for the visually impaired. However, despite the advanced accessibility implemented in the smartphones, the elderly still seems to prefer ordinary phones which have physical buttons. The aim of this thesis was twofold; (1) to identify factors hindering the elderly and their use of smartphones, and (2) to develop smartphone interfaces to improve accessibility. Two Android applications were developed in this thesis. The Magnifier is a magnification tool for physical objects and text. EyesFree is a text to speech service that reads out the screen content to the user. The requirements for the apps were elicited by studying existing applications and also by interviewing potential users. EyesFree and Magnifier were evaluated using the think aloud protocol method and the results show that they are useful applications for the visually impaired. The Android operating system provides a number of accessibility features and services to help the users with different abilities to navigate the device easily. Paradoxically, these features are quite difficult to use, for example, they are not easily launched and closed. The meta application and user interface of EyesFree exemplifies how users can access the internal features of the OS such as the speech services more effectively.

The thesis discusses the problems of e-learning for handicapped. It concerns creation of electronic courses for visually and hearing-impaired students. The main target is to create and publish a sample course for this groups of students. The course shows practical employment of methods and recommendations for creating study materials easily accessible for handicapped. Those methods and recommendations are described in the theoretical part of the thesis. The creation and publication of the sample course is completely carried out using freely available software applications and services. The operating procedure, advantages and limits of this approach are described as well as further possible development of the courses for handicapped. The thesis could then serve as one of the first theoretical and practical handbook for creating this type of courses. The first part sketches out the specifics of visually and hearing-impaired and various types of teaching these handicapped. In the second part of the thesis the rules and recommendations for a correct creation of an e-learning course for handicapped are explained. Principally the technical rules but also some pedagogical suggestions are focused. The last part of the thesis shows the method of creating an e-learning course for handicapped in the e-learning system Moodle using freely available audio-visual applications and publication services.

Orientador: José Júlio Gavião de Almeida / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T13:59:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Harnisch_GabrielaSimone_M.pdf: 1140409 bytes, checksum: 39d0cf927d70034761a5b3256d1c5f89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O judô envolvendo pessoas com deficiência visual é uma modalidade paralímpica que envolve poucas adaptações em relação às regras, apenas aplicam-se algumas para garantir a prática de forma segura aos praticantes. Porém, encontram-se algumas diferenças em relação ao judô convencional no que tange o processo de ensino e aprendizagem, e neste sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi de verificar as práticas pedagógicas utilizadas por professores no processo de ensino e aprendizagem do judô para pessoas com deficiência visual. Para tanto, o estudo caracterizou-se como um survey, tendo como instrumento para coleta de dados um questionário elaborado, testado e aplicado pelos pesquisadores. A amostra foi composta por 14 professores e/ou técnicos dos atletas participantes da I Etapa do Grand Prix Infraero de Judô para cegos, realizada no dia 26 de abril, na cidade de São Paulo, sendo que todos os professores possuem graduação em Educação Física, sendo que 3, dentre os 14 professores, relataram trabalhar apenas com alunos com deficiência. Quanto aos métodos de ensino, 11 professores afirmaram que tentam inicialmente trabalhar de forma verbal, de forma a estimular a verbalização, e posteriormente, pautam-se no tato. Outros 3 professores utilizam-se somente do tato. Os demais professores utilizam-se da tutoria. A metade dos professores apresentou em seu discurso a preocupação em conhecer os seus alunos, identificando os estágios de desenvolvimento motor que se encontram, para que a partir de então possam elaborar as suas aulas. Assim, percebeu-se que os professores, em sua maioria, preocupam-se com o desenvolvimento global de seus alunos com deficiência, utilizando-se de métodos de ensino que propiciem maior estimulação, partindo do conhecimento já existente e das vivências motoras já experimentadas; mas, muitos professores ainda não se atentaram a isso. Espera-se que, com o presente estudo, seja possível auxiliar e subsidiar a elaboração das práticas pedagógicas de professores que almejam ensinar o judô à pessoas com deficiência visual / Abstract: Judo involving visually impaired peoples is a Paralympic modality that involves few adaptations concerning to the rules, only some are applied to assure the security to the practitioner. Yet there are some differences regarding to conventional judo referring to the teaching and learning process, and in this sense the aim of this study was to verify the pedagogical practices used by the teachers in judo teaching and learning process for visually impaired people. Thus, the study characterized itself as a survey having as a data-collecting tool a questionnaire that was elaborated, tested and applied by the researchers. The sample was composed by 14 teachers and/or coaches whose athletes were taking part at the I Stage of Judo for Blind People Infraero Grand Prix realized on 2014, April 14th in São Paulo. All the teachers are graduated in Physical Education and 3 out of 14 work only with disabled people. Concerning to the teaching methods, 11 teachers alleged that they first try to work verbally and then using the touch; the other 3 teachers use only the touch. Half of the teachers presented in their speech the preoccupation in knowing their students and identifying their motor developing stage so that they can elaborate their classes. So, we could realize that most of the teachers are worried about the global development of their disabled students using teaching methods that propitiates a better stimulation starting from the knowledge they already have and the motor experiences already experimented although many teachers hadn¿t attempted to it. We expect that with the present study it will be possible to help and subsidize the preparation of the pedagogical practices of the teachers that want to teach judo for visually impaired people / Mestrado / Atividade Fisica Adaptada / Mestra em Educação Física

Background: Participation in sport by athletes with impairment has grown and evolved rapidly since the inception of the Paralympic Games. Athletes with visual impairment were first included in the Paralympic Games in 1976. Surveillance of illnesses and injuries forms the first important step in determination of the epidemiology and an understanding of the risk factors for both illness and injuries in these populations. Thus, surveillance can therefore assist medical teams in implementing prevention strategies. Few studies have evaluated the incidence of illness and injuries amongst athletes with impairment. For this reason, a novel web based injury and illness surveillance system (WEBIISS) was developed for use by the team physicians at the London 2012 Paralympic Games. To our knowledge, no study has specifically researched the epidemiology of illness and injuries in athletes with visual impairment during a major sport event such as the Paralympic Games. Objective: To determine the incidence associated with illness and injuries in athletes with visual impairment during the London 2012 Paralympic Games. We further aim to describe any differences between sports, age groups, gender and body systems affected in this cohort of athletes. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of a component of the large prospective cohort study on the epidemiology of injury and illness conducted over a 14-day period at the London 2012 Paralympic Games. The data from 711 of the 791 athletes with visual impairment who participated in the London 2012 Paralympic Games were analyzed. The following data sources were used: Firstly, de-identified information regarding age, gender, impairment, country code and sports code of athletes obtained from the International Paralympic Committee database. Secondly, information collected from the electronic medical data capture system (EMDCS) used at all the London Organizing Committee for the Olympic and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) medical stations; and thirdly a novel web-based injury and illness surveillance system (WEB-IISS) used by the team physicians. This is the most comprehensive reporting system used in elite athletes with impairment to date. Data were collected on a daily basis from 3 days prior to the start of the Paralympic Games (pre-competition period) until the last day of the 11-day Paralympic Games (competition period). Definitions: In order to determine the nature and extent of illnesses and injuries as well to enable uniformity in research studies evaluating the data collected during the London 2012 Paralympic Games, the following definitions were implemented: Illness was defined as 'any newly acquired illness as well as exacerbation of pre-existing illness that occurred during training or competition, and during or immediately before the London 2012 Paralympic Games'. Injury was defined as 'any newly acquired injury as well as exacerbation of pre-existing injury that occurred during training and/or competition period of the London 2012 Paralympic Games'. Incidence rate (IR) of illness or injury is the number of illnesses or injuries per 1000 athlete days. Incidence proportion (IP) of illness or injury is the proportion of athletes affected by illness or injury (n/100). Results: Incidence rate of illness (IR 11.9; 95% CI 9.0 - 15.7) was similar to incidence rate of injuries (IR 14.5; 95% CI 11.3 - 18.5) in VI athletes. The IR of illness for VI athletes (IR 11.9; 95% CI 9.0 - 15.7) compared well to that of illness for all impairment groups (IR 12.7; 95% CI 10.2 - 16.0). Furthermore, the IR of injuries for VI athletes (IR 14.5; 95% CI 11.3 -18.5) compared well to that of injuries for al impairment groups (IR 12.6; 95% CI 10.3 - 15.4). Gender and age did not affect the risk of illness or injuries in VI athletes. Furthermore, there was a higher IR of illness for swimmers with visual impairment compared to other sports, but this was not statistically significant. The IR of illness for VI athletes participating in swimming was 12.5 (95% CI 8.8 - 17.8) compared to that of VI non-swimmers, IR 11.8 (95% CI 8.9 - 15.6). Participation in athletics (track and field) was associated with a slightly higher risk for injury for athletes with VI compared to other sports, but this was not statistically significant. The IR of injury was 15.8 (95% CI 11.6 - 21.5) and the IP 22.1 (95% CI 16.3 - 30.1) for VI track and field athletes. The IR of injury was 13.0 (95% CI 9.6 - 17.4) and IP 18.1 (95% CI 13.5 - 24.3) amongst VI athletes not participating in track and field athletics. VI swimmers had a lower IR of injury (IR 4.1; 95% CI 1.8 - 9.5) than VI non-swimmers (IR 16.1; 95% CI 12.6 - 20.7) (p=0.002). There was a higher IR and IP of lower limb injuries compared to upper limb injuries in athletes with visual impairment. The IR for lower limb injuries in athletes with visual impairment was 7.7 (95% CI 5.8 - 10.3) and the IP was 10.8 (95% CI 8.1 - 14.4). The average IR of lower limb injuries for all para-athletes was 4.5 (95% CI 3.5 - 5.7). The IR for upper limb injuries in athletes with visual impairment was 3.0 (95% CI 1.9 - 4.5) and the IP was 4.1 (95% CI 2.7 - 6.3). The average IR for upper limb injuries for all para-athletes was 4.5 (95% CI 3.5 - 5.9). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that Paralympic athletes with VI had a similar incidence rate of illness and injury compared to other impairment groups; and IR of illness was similar to that of injuries. Risk of illness or injury was not affected by age group or gender, but rather sport specific differences were observed. Of particular interest was the fact that athletes with VI had a higher incidence rate of lower limb injuries than upper limb injuries.

The aim of this degree thesis is to create a brief summary of cartographic production for visually impaired people, to evaluate selected works and to create an Asthenopia School Atlas draft. Sample sheets showing an asthenopic map of Australia are included in the appendix of the degree thesis. The MicroStation application program was used for the atlas draft creation as well as for the creation of the Australia map sample sheets.