Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana_Werle.pdf: 502997 bytes, checksum: a8ed05a8a76d34c68e008dc33707334a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In an attempt to induce the grapevines buds sprouting in mild winter regions, characterized by mild temperatures during the hibernal season, it becomes necessary the use of sprouting inducers. Considering the grapevines cultivation expansion in Western Paraná, the current study had as its aims to determine the optimal concentration of hydrogenated cyanamide, ethephon and Stimulate® bio-stimulant for the induction and uniformity of sprouting in Niagara Rosada cultivar, as well to indicate the most effective product in the uniformity sprouting inducing and which promotes improved productivity and fruits quality. The experiment was conducted in a commercial vineyard located in the municipality of Quatro Pontes, West of Paraná State. The experiment was carried out in outlined blocks in factorial scheme 3 X 5, totaling 15 treatments with four repetitions, and each plant was considered an experimental unit. The treatments consisted of the following concentrations: 0; 10 mL L-1; 20 mL L-1; 30 mL L-1 and 40 mL L-1 of hydrogenated cyanamide (H2CN2); 0 ; 2 L ha-1; 4 L ha-1; 6 L ha-1 and 8 L ha-1 of ethephon; 0; 5 mL L-1; 10 mL L-1; 15 mL L-1 and 20 mL L-1 Stimulate® bio-stimulant. The products application was made immediately after pruning, by spraying with backpack sprayer. After pruning, it was assessed the number of buds per plant, time to sprouting onset after application, number and percentage of sprouting per plant, production per plant, expected productivity, average weight of berries, number of berries per cluster, width of shoulder and berries, berries length, soluble solids content, titration total acidity, pH and ratio. Considering the conditions under which the experiment was conducted, one can conclude that: The concentration of hydrogenated cyanamide which showed higher percentage of 'Niagara Rosada' grapevine sprouted buds was the 20mL L-1; the ethephon concentration which provided the highest percentage of Niagara Rosada grapevine sprouted buds was the 8 L ha-1; the bio-stimulant concentration which provided the highest percentage of Niagara Rosada grapevine sprouted buds was the 5 mL L-1; the hydrogenated cyanamide provided the anticipation and uniformity of the Niagara Rosada grapevine sprouting. The buds spraying with hydrogenated cyanamide, ethephon and bio-stimulant resulted in no effect on the grapevine productivity and quality, cv. Niagara Rosada / Na tentativa de induzir a brotação das gemas de videiras em regiões de inverno ameno, caracterizado por temperaturas suaves durante a estação hibernal, torna-se necessário o emprego de indutores de brotação. Considerando a expansão do cultivo de videiras no Oeste do Paraná, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos verificar a concentração ideal de cianamida hidrogenada, ethephon e do bioestimulante Stimulate® para a indução e uniformização de brotação na cultivar Niagara Rosada, bem como indicar o produto mais eficiente na indução de uniformização de brotação e que promove melhor produtividade e qualidade de frutos. O experimento foi conduzido em vinhedo comercial localizado no município de Quatro Pontes, Oeste do Estado do Paraná. O experimento foi implantado em delineamento de blocos em esquema fatorial 3 X 5, totalizando 15 tratamentos com quatro repetições, sendo que cada planta foi considerada uma parcela experimental. Os tratamentos foram compostos pelas seguintes concentrações: 0; 10 mL L-1; 20 mL L-1; 30 mL L-1 e 40 mL L-1 de cianamida hidrogenada (H2CN2); 0; 2 L ha-1; 4 L ha-1; 6 L ha-1 e 8 L ha-1 de ethephon; 0; 5 mL L-1; 10 mL L-1; 15 mL L-1 e 20 mL L-1 de bioestimulante Stimulate®. A aplicação dos produtos foi feita imediatamente após a poda, através de pulverização com pulverizador costal. Após a poda avaliou-se o número de gemas por planta, tempo para início da brotação após a aplicação, número e porcentagem de brotações por planta, produção por planta, produtividade esperada, massa média das bagas, número de bagas por cacho, largura do ombro e das bagas, comprimento das bagas, teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez total titulável, pH e ratio. Considerando as condições em que foi conduzido o experimento pode-se concluir que: A concentração de cianamida hidrogenada que proporcionou maior porcentagem de gemas brotadas de videira Niagara Rosada foi a de 20 mL L-1; A concentração de ethephon que proporcionou maior porcentagem de gemas brotadas de videira Niagara Rosada foi a de 8 L ha-1; A concentração de bioestimulante que proporcionou maior porcentagem de gemas brotadas de videira Niagara Rosada foi a de 5 mL L-1; A cianamida hidrogenada proporcionou a antecipação e uniformização das brotações de videira Niagara Rosada. A pulverização das gemas com cianamida hidrogenada, ethephon e bioestimulante não resultou em efeito sobre a produtividade e qualidade de videira, cv. Niagara Rosada

La raréfaction des ressources en eau associée au changement climatique menace particulièrement la durabilité de la viticulture en climat Méditerranéen. Pour y faire face, la création ou le choix de cépages économes en eau et suffisamment vigoureux en cas de déficit hydrique se présente comme un levier important. Une compréhension approfondie des mécanismes qui gouvernent le maintien de l'état hydrique par la plante est indispensable pour avancer dans cette direction. Dans ce travail les déterminants génétiques et physiologiques de l'utilisation de l'eau ont été explorés chez la vigne. Une descendance F1, issue d'un croisement entre les cépages Syrah et Grenache, a été soumise à deux scénarios hydriques dans des pots (bonne irrigation et déficit modéré) en combinant de nouveaux outils de phénotypage, une démarche de génétique quantitative (pour la détection de QTLs) et des approches physiologiques. L'analyse de l'architecture génétique du maintien du potentiel hydrique par la plante, plus ou moins efficace en cas de déficit hydrique (i.e. iso- ou aniso-hydrique), a révélé un double déterminisme, impliquant non seulement la régulation stomatique de la transpiration mais également le maintien de la conductance hydraulique à travers la plante. Nous avons démontré l'existence d'une action indirecte de l'acide abscissique sur la fermeture stomatique à travers une diminution de la conductance hydraulique dans la feuille avec une variabilité génétique reliée aux comportements iso- ou aniso-hydriques. Par ailleurs, nous avons mis en évidence une variabilité génétique importante de la transpiration nocturne, liée à celle de l'efficience d'utilisation de l'eau, avec des déterminants génétiques et physiologiques que nous avons identifiés. Au-delà de l'utilité des QTLs détectés pour l'amélioration variétale, les résultats originaux de ce travail démontrent l'intérêt de la génétique quantitative pour progresser dans la compréhension de mécanismes physiologiques. / In Mediterranean regions, water scarcity associated with climate change particularly threatens the sustainability of viticulture. Breeding grapevine for reduced water use and maintained production is therefore of major interest. This requires a comprehensive knowledge of the plant physiological responses to drought. In this study we focused on the determinism of transpiration rate as a key trait regulating water status in plant tissues, and on its relationship with water-use efficiency (WUE). We used a F1 progeny from a cross between cultivars Syrah and Grenache and combined powerful phenotyping tools on potted plants submitted to either well-watered or mild deficit conditions with quantitative genetics (for QTL detection) and physiological experiments. Analysis of the genetic control of water status maintenance in the plant, more or less efficient under soil water deficit (i.e. iso- or anisohydric), revealed a dual physiological determinism with a key role for plant hydraulic conductance beside that of stomatal control of transpiration. An indirect role of abscisic acid on stomatal conductance was also evidenced, mediated by the downregulation of leaf hydraulic conductance, with a genetic variability which correlated with genetic variation in iso- or aniso-hydric behaviour. We then revealed wide genetic variations in nocturnal transpiration, which correlated with variations in water use efficiency, and identified corresponding genetic and physiological determinants. In a final switch to the field, we showed consistency between QTLs detected for daytime WUE in pots and in the vineyard. Beyond the potential interest of the QTLs detected in this study for breeding prospects, this work demonstrated the benefits of quantitative genetics to shed light on ecophysiological and physiological processes.

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-02-26T14:04:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV16MA197.pdf: 2230923 bytes, checksum: e668d82b2261743e59f2124d9315814d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-26T14:04:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV16MA197.pdf: 2230923 bytes, checksum: e668d82b2261743e59f2124d9315814d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-13 / Capes / Highland regions of Santa Catarina State, Brazil, have been acquiring great importance due to the high potential for wine production from Vitis vinifera L. cultivars, but due to highlands of Santa Catarina State are being in an emergent wine grown region fundamental investigations into vineyard practices are necessary. This work aims to contribute to the generation of data that can direct the management of leaf removal in the vineyards in order to develop a differentiated quality wine, determining times of leaf removal in the varieties Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc, and evaluate the its effect on vegetative, productive aspects, enological potential of grape wine quality, and the occurrence of bunch rot. The results of this study show the importance of management of leaf removal grapes wines, demonstrating its benefits in relation to technological and phenolic maturity indices, providing better quality grape, higher productivity and better vegetative balance. And the leaf removal, held between phenological full flowering stage and grain pea resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of bunch rot of Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc grown in high altitudes of Santa Catarina. It is evident that the removal leaf vine is indispensable for obtaining a grape of high quality and sanity / As regiões de altitude de Santa Catarina vem despertando interesse de investidores, pela sua característica de elaborar vinhos de elevada qualidade. Porém, por ser uma atividade ainda recente nessas regiões, há uma grande demanda pela geração de informações técnicas adequadas, visto que possui características distintas das demais regiões vitícolas do Brasil. A presente dissertação visa contribuir na geração de informações que possam direcionar o manejo da desfolha nos vinhedos, a fim de elaborar um vinho de qualidade diferenciada, determinando o efeito de diferentes épocas de desfolha nas variedades Cabernet Sauvignon e Sauvignon Blanc sobre aspectos vegetativos, produtivos, potencial enológico da uva, qualidade do vinho, e na ocorrência de podridão cinzenta (Botrytis cinerea Pers) nos cachos. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciam a importância do manejo da desfolha da videira, demonstrando seus beneficios em relação aos índices de maturação tecnológica e fenólica, propiciando melhor qualidade da uva, maior produtividade e melhor equilíbrio vegeto:produtivo. Além disso, a realização de uma desfolha precoce, realizada entre os estádios fenológicos plena florada e grão ervilha resultaram em redução da incidência e severidade de podridão cinzenta (Botrytis cinerea) nos cachos das variedades Cabernet Sauvignon e Sauvignon Blanc cultivadas em elevadas altitudes de Santa Catarina. Evidencia-se que o manejo da desfolha da videira é indispensável para obtenção de uma uva de elevada qualidade e sanidade

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV08MA047.pdf: 823062 bytes, checksum: 56540dd9af64c113dfe8f05db9183c75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The practical viticulture is the application of a set technical management of vinetards, in order to produce the maximum quantity of grape without reducing their enological potential required by certain markets, with minimum cost. These practices derived from scientific knowledge about the biology and physiology of plants in relation to the terroir . One of the main factors that interference in the potential for developing a vineyard is the management of the canopy and cultivation techniques, such as cluster thinning. This study aimed to learn about the physiological and technological maturity of the clusters of Malbec and Syrah grapevines, produced in altitude regions of Santa Catarina State. The vineyard has been submitted to diferente levels of cluster thinning made at the véraison , in order to establish criteria that will help determine the most appropriate managent for the preparation of fine red wines in áreas above 900 meters in altitude. The experimente was carried during 2005/07 vintage at the Villa Francioni Vineyards in the city of São Joaquim (28° 17 39 S, 49° 55 56 W), at altitude of 1360 meters with cvs. Malbec and Syrah grafted on Paulsen 1103. The levels of cluster thinning, adjustedat the véraison , correspnded to maximum production of each, and percentage reductions in their productivity in 15%, 30% e 45%. From results found it is concluded that in altitude regions the practice of cluster thinning, estimating a production of around 10 t ha¯¹ for cv. Malbec and 12 t ha¯¹ for cv. Syrah cause positive influence on the phenolical and technological maturity of clusters, promoting the enological potential of bunches and their atributes, necessary for the production of fine red wines with ageing potential, balanced and characteristic of altitude regions of Santa Catarina State / A vitivinicultura prática otimizada é a aplicação de um conjunto de técnicas de manejo do vinhedo, de modo a produzir a máxima quantidade de uva sem reduzir seu potencial enológico exigido por determinados mercados, com um custo mínimo. Estas práticas derivam do conhecimento científico sobre a biologia e a fisiologia das plantas em relação ao meio em que é cultivado o vinhedo e sua manipulação em qualquer condição ou local. A dificuldade está em identificar o equilíbrio exato entre produção, vigor e qualidade da uva. Um dos principais fatores que interferem no potencial de desenvolvimento de um vinhedo é o manejo do dossel e as técnicas de cultivo, dentre os quais encontra-se o raleio de cachos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo obter informações sobre a maturação fenólica e tecnológica dos cachos nos cultivares Malbec e Syrah, produzidos em região de altitude. O vinhedo foi submetido a diferentes níveis de raleio de cachos realizados na virada de cor, de modo a estabelecer critérios que contribuam para definir o manejo mais apropriado para a elaboração de vinhos tintos finos em regiões acima 900 metros de altitude. Os ensaios foram conduzidos durante as safras de 2005/06 e 2006/07 em um vinhedo da empresa Villa Francioni Agronegócios Ltda., coordenadas 28° 17 39 S e 49° 55 56 W, a 1230 metros de altitude, localizado no município de São Joaquim, SC. Os talhões utilizados dos cultivares Malbec e Syrah foram enxertadas sobre Paulsen 1103 conduzidos em espaldeira, com espaçamento de 3,0m x 1,2m e cobertura anti-granizo. Os níveis de raleio de cachos, ajustados na virada de cor Véraison , corresponderam a produção máxima, inerente a cada cultivar, e reduções percentuais em sua produtividade em 15% , 30% e 45%. Dos resultados obtidos cnclui-se que em condições de altitude, a prática de raleio de cachos, estimando-se uma produção em torno de 10 t ha¯¹ para o cv. Malbec e 12 t ha¯¹ para o cv. Syrah, exercem influência positiva sobre a maturação fenólica e tecnológica dos cachos, favorecendo ao potencial enológico dos cachos e seus atributos necessários para a produção de vinhos tintos finos com potencial de gurada, equilibrados favorecendo a tipicidade da Serra Catarinense

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV08MA049.pdf: 2753958 bytes, checksum: 9fe157d913ace118ecafa84c41147216 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-15 / Competition in the wine market has stimulated the search for new techniques of management of the vineyard, to aggregation of oenological quality of the grapes used for winemaking. Among these practices has been given the cluster thinning. However, there are no criteria to indicate the level of cluster thinning appropriate and actual earnings this practice under the conditions of Serra Gaúcha. To determine the effect of this practice, an experiment was conducted in Bento Gonçalves-RS, with the head system (with spur and cane) and head system modified (with spur cordon), called "H system." The experiment was conducted in the years of agricultural 2004/2005, 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 for the system head system and 2005/2006 and 2006/2007, for the "H system", with plants with 8-10 years of age to latada and 9-10 years for the "H system . It was used to cultivate Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) on door-graft Paulsen 1103, spaced by 1.5 m x 3.0 m for both systems. The cluster thinning was made at the beginning of maturity (50% of the change of color), the system head system in 2004/2005 were left 5, 10, 20 and 30 cluster/plant, in 2005/2006 15, 25, 40, 60 and 80 cluster/plant and in 2006/2007 15, 25, 40 and 60 cluster/plant. In "H system" were left 15, 25, and 40 cluster/plant. The level with 40 cluster/plant represented the burden standard adopted in the region for both systems. It was used in the design blocks-type, with five repetitions of six plants (experimental unit). The data were analyzed using orthogonal contrasts polynomial. In head system the cluster thinning promoted increase in the mass of fresh berries of the clusters, pH and the oBrix of berries, the first crop year 2004/2005, which occurred water restriction. In the 2005/2006 agricultural year, none of the attributes was affected by the practice of cluster thinning. However, the agricultural year 2006/2007 of some attributes varied, showing the lowest pH and fresh weight of the clusters in dealing with 15 and 60 cluster/plant. Treatment with 40 clusters (witness) had oBrix higher. In "H system" in the agricultural year 2005/2006, none of the attributes evaluated presented significant effect, except in dealing with 25 cluster/plant, which was the lowest observed pH and greater width of clusters. In the agricultural year of 2006/2007, there was no effect of cluster thinning in physical and chemical attributes of the grape. From an economic perspective, the only treatment with 40 bunches per plant, showed positive income, within the minimum price of R$ 1,03 kg-1 stipulated for CONAB. The attributes evaluated in both systems were heavily influenced by the climate and the resulting occurrence of diseases, mainly in the agricultural years of 2005/2006 and 2006/2007, which had above-normal rainfall in climatologic assessment period of the experiments. In general, the practice of cluster thinning not present major advantages on enological quality of grapes in the environmental conditions of Serra Gaúcha, for the system head system and "H system." / A concorrência no mercado tem estimulado as vinícolas a buscar novas técnicas de manejo do vinhedo, para agregação da qualidade enológica da uva utilizada para vinificação. Dentre essas práticas tem sido indicado o raleio de cachos. No entanto, não existem critérios, para indicar o nível de raleio adequado e os reais ganhos desta prática nas condições da Serra Gaúcha. Para verificar o efeito desta prática, foi conduzido um experimento em Bento Gonçalves-RS, com o sistema latada e a latada modificada, chamada de sistema H . O experimento foi realizado nos anos agrícolas de 2004/2005, 2005/2006 e 2006/2007 para o sistema latada e 2005/2006 e 2006/2007, para o sistema H , com plantas com 8-10 anos de idade para a latada e 9-10 anos para o sistema H . Foi utilizada a cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.), sobre porta-enxerto Paulsen 1103, espaçadas de 1,5m x 3,0m para ambos os sistemas. O raleio foi feito no início da maturação (50% da mudança de cor), no sistema latada em 2004/2005 foram deixados 5, 10, 20 e 30 cachos/planta, em 2005/2006 15, 25, 40, 60 e 80 cachos/planta e em 2006/2007 15, 25, 40 e 60 cachos/planta. No sistema H foram deixados 15, 25, e 40 cachos/planta. O nível com 40 cachos/planta representou a carga padrão adotada na região para ambos os sistemas. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualisados, com cinco repetições de seis plantas (unidade experimental). Os dados foram analisados através de contrastes ortogonais polinomiais. Na latada o raleio de cachos promoveu incremento na massa fresca das bagas, dos cachos, pH e do °Brix das bagas, no primeiro ano agrícola 2004/2005, em que ocorreu restrição hídrica. No ano agrícola de 2005/2006 nenhum dos atributos foi afetado pela prática do raleio de cachos. Todavia, no ano agrícola de 2006/2007 alguns atributos variaram, apresentando o menor pH e massa fresca dos cachos no tratamento com 15 e 60 cachos/planta. O tratamento com 40 cachos (testemunha) apresentou oBrix mais alto. No sistema H no ano agrícola de 2005/2006, nenhum dos atributos avaliados apresentou efeito significativo, exceto no tratamento com 25 cachos por planta, onde foi observado o menor pH e a maior largura de cachos. No ano agrícola de 2006/2007, não houve efeito do raleio nos atributos físico-químicos da uva. Do ponto de vista econômico, apenas o tratamento com 40 cachos/planta, apresentou renda positiva, dentro do preço mínimo de R$ 1,03 kg-1 estipulado pela CONAB. Os atributos avaliados em ambos os sistemas, foram fortemente influenciados pelo clima e a conseqüente ocorrência de doenças, principalmente nos anos agrícolas de 2005/2006 e 2006/2007, que apresentaram chuvas acima da normal climatológica no período de avaliação dos experimentos. De forma geral, a prática de raleio não apresenta grandes vantagens sobre a qualidade enológica das uvas nas condições ambientais da Serra Gaúcha, para o sistema latada e o sistema H

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV12MA100.pdf: 870378 bytes, checksum: fe64b515969e81e27b2b9fdf4fe07558 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-16 / The region of San Joaquin has proved favorable to the production of fine wines and has been gaining entrepreneurial. However, there are many skills needed by those who want a viable cash crop. The practical viticulture is the application of a set of technical management of vineyards, in order to produce the maximum quantity of grape without reducing their enological potential required by certain markets, with minimum cost. These practices derived from scientific knowledge about the biology and physiology of plants in relation to the terroir . One of the main factors that interfere in the for developing a vineyard is the management of the canopy and cultivation techniques, such as cluster thinning. Thi study aimed to learn about the physiological and technological maturity of the clusters of Cabernet Sauvingon grapevines, produced in altitude regions of Santa Catarina State. The vineyard has been submitted to differentes levels of cluster thinning made at the véraison , in order to establish criteria that will help determine the most appropriate management for the preparation of fine red wines in areas above 900 meters in altitude. The experiment was carried during 2009/10 and 2010/11 vintage at the Villa Francioni Vineyards in the city of São Joaquim (28˚ 17 39 S, 49˚ 55 56 W), at altitude of 1230 meters with cv. Cabernet Franc grafted on Paulsen 1103. The levels of cluster thinning, adjusted at the véraison , corresponded to maximum production and percentage reductions in their productivity in 25%, 50% e 75%. From results found it is concluded that in altitude regions the practice of cluster thinning affects the chemical characteristics of the grape and wine cv Cabernet Franc, but there was a siginificant improvement in quality when we see all the parameters involved. Under the conditions of the experiment there was no balance vegetate: productive of plants / A região de São Joaquim tem se mostrado favorável à produção de vinhos finos e vem despertando interesse de empreendedores da atividade. Entretanto, muitos são os conhecimentos demandados por quem deseja viabilizar um cultivo comercial. A vitivinicultura prática otimizada é a aplicação de um conjunto de técnicas de manejo do vinhedo, de modo a produzir a máxima quantidade de uva sem reduzir seu potencial enológico exigido por determinados mercados, com um custo mínimo. Estas práticas derivam do conhecimento científico sobre a biologia e a fisiologia das plantas em relação ao meio em que é cultivado o vinhedo e sua manipulação em qualquer condição ou local. A dificuldade está em identificar o equilíbrio exato entre a produção, vigor e qualidade da uva. Um dos principais fatores que interferem no potencial de desenvolvimento de um vinhedo é o manejo do dossel e as técnicas de cultivo, dentre os quais se encontra o raleio de cachos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo obter informações sobre a maturação fenólica e tecnólogica dos cachos na cultivar Cabernet Franc, produzidos em região de altitude. O vinhedo foi submetido a diferentes níveis de raleio de cachos realizados na virada de cor, de modo a estabelecer critérios que contribuam para definir o manejo mais apropriado para a elaboração de vinhos tintos finos em regiões acima de 900 metros de altitude. Os ensaios foram conduzidos durante as safras de 2009/10 e 2010/11 em um vinhedo da empresa Villa Francioni Agronegócios S/A, coordenadas 28˚ 17 39 S e 49˚ 55 56 W, a 1230 metros de altitude , localizado no município de São Joaquim, SC. O talhão utilizado da cultivar Cabernet Franc foi enxertadas sobre Paulsen 1103 consuzido em espaldeira, com espaçamento de 3,0m x 1,2m e cobertura anti-granizo. Os níveis de raleio de cachos, ajustados na virada de cor véraison , corresponderam a produção máxima, e reduções percentuais em sua produtividade em 25%, 50% e 75%. Dos resultados obtidos conclui-se que em condições de altitude, a prática de raleio de cachos afeta as características químicas da uva e do vinho cv Cabernet Franc, porém não houve uma melhora significativa na qualidade quando se verifica todas as características envolvidas. Nas condições do ensaio não se observou equilíbrio vegetativo:produtivo das plantas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:07:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_paulo_ricardo_ebert_siqueira.pdf: 745146 bytes, checksum: e9aa866b96f415063e476a4469145bbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-19 / The presence of Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa, 1905) in vineyards in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul was verified from the 2004/2005 harvest associated with symptoms of tanning on the leaves. In Brazil there are no recommendations for monitoring of this mite, just as there is no acaricide recommended for management of the species in vineyards. To detect differences in infestation of C. vitis among cultivars was conducted the monitoring of population fluctuations of C. vitis vinifera cultivars Chardonnay and Merlot, in a commercial vineyard in Dom Pedrito, RS, during the years 2005/2006 and 2006/2007, in order to identify differences in infestation between cultivars of a crop year to another. It was observed that the cultivars Chardonnay and Merlot, the population peaks of C. vitis occurred between late February and early March and there is a high correlation between the number of C. vitis found on the underside of the leaves and the percentage of leaves with the species. In the greenhouse, during the years 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 was evaluated the efficiency of sticky traps to monitor C. vitis in cuttings for propagation, comparing catches in cuttings derived from nurseries and vineyards with different histories of infestation. We observed that the sticky traps to detect the presence in the cuttings of C. vitis. During the crop years 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 was conducted the monitoring of population dynamics of C. vitis in Cabernet Sauvignon, in a commercial vineyard located in the town of Candiota-RS, through the use of sticky traps and direct observation on the abaxial surface of leaves. As observed in the Dom Pedrito-RS, Candiota-RS was observed a significant and high correlation (r ² ≥ 0.95) between the number of C. vitis on the abaxial surface of leaves and percentage of leaves with the mites. The sticky traps used for monitoring were more efficient in detecting C. vitis during periods of high and low population levels. Was evaluated in a commercial vineyard, insecticides and acaricides in order to reduce the population of C. vitis in autumn and in spring 2008 and autumn 2009. The acaricides spirodiclofen and cyhexatin were the most promising in reducing the infestation during the autumn. The use of sulfur in a single autumn spray or two sprays, one in autumn and another in the spring, effectively controlled C. vitis in the spring. The use of acaricides abamectin and spirodiclofen a single spring spray or two sprays, one in autumn and another in the fall and spring, effectively controlled the population of C. vitis in the spring. The acaricides abamectin, azadirachtin, cyhexatin, sulfur and spirodiclofen evaluated for control of C. vitis were tested for selectivity to predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954). It was found that 24 hours after application in vineyard acaricide cyhexatin was slightly harmful, and all other products tested as harmless. From the third day of application in the vineyards all products were harmless to N. californicus, to cause mortality under 30% / A presença de Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa, 1905) em vinhedos na Região da Campanha do Rio Grande do Sul foi verificada a partir da safra 2004/2005 associada a sintomas de bronzeamento nas folhas. No Brasil não existem recomendações para o monitoramento deste ácaro, assim como não se encontra nenhum acaricida recomendado para o manejo da espécie na cultura da videira. Visando detectar diferenças de infestação de C. vitis entre cultivares foi realizado o monitoramento da flutuação populacional de C. vitis nas cultivares viníferas Chardonnay e Merlot, em vinhedo comercial no município de Dom Pedrito-RS, durante os anos agrícolas 2005/2006 e 2006/2007, permitindo identificar diferenças de infestação entre as cultivares de uma safra agrícola para a outra. Foi observado que nas cultivares Chardonnay e Merlot, os picos populacionais de C. vitis ocorrem entre o final de fevereiro e o início de março e que há uma alta correlação entre o número de C. vitis presentes na face abaxial das folhas e o percentual de folhas com incidência da espécie. Em casa de vegetação, durante os anos agrícolas 2006/2007 e 2007/2008 foi avaliada a eficiência de armadilhas adesivas para monitorar C. vitis em estacas destinadas a propagação, comparando as capturas em estacas oriundas de viveiros e vinhedos com diferentes históricos de infestação. Foi observado que as armadilhas adesivas detectam a presença nas estacas de C. vitis. Durante os anos agrícolas 2007/2008 e 2008/2009 foi realizado o acompanhamento da dinâmica populacional de C. vitis na cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon, em vinhedo comercial localizado no município de Candiota-RS, através do emprego de armadilhas adesivas e da observação direta na face abaxial das folhas. Assim como verificado em Dom Pedrito-RS, em Candiota-RS foi observada uma correlação significativa e alta (r² ≥ 0,95) entre o número de C. vitis na face abaxial das folhas e o percentual de folhas com incidência do ácaro. As armadilhas adesivas utilizadas para o monitoramento foram mais eficientes na detecção de C. vitis tanto em períodos de alta como de baixos níveis populacionais. Avaliou-se em vinhedo comercial, inseticidas e acaricidas visando a redução populacional de C. vitis no outono e na primavera de 2008 e no outono de 2009. Os acaricidas espirodiclofeno e cihexatina foram os mais promissores na redução da infestação durante o outono. O emprego de enxofre em uma única pulverização no outono ou em duas pulverizações, sendo uma no outono e outra na primavera, controlou eficientemente C. vitis na primavera. O emprego dos acaricidas abamectina e espirodiclofeno uma única pulverização na primavera ou em duas pulverizações, sendo uma no outono e outra na primavera, controlou eficientemente a população de C. vitis na primavera. Os acaricidas abamectina, azadiractina, cihexatina, enxofre e espirodiclofeno, avaliados para o controle de C. vitis, foram submetidos a testes de seletividade ao ácaro predador Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954). Foi verificado que 24 horas após a aplicação no vinhedo o acaricida cihexatina foi levemente nocivo, sendo todos os demais produtos testados considerados inócuos. A partir do terceiro dia de aplicação no vinhedo todos os produtos foram inócuos a N. californicus, por causarem mortalidade inferior a 30%.

Thesis (PhD(Agric))--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water scarcity is a key limiting factor for viticulture in dry regions. Traditionally drought sensitive varieties have the potential to grow in dry areas, however in most situations, through the use of rootstocks. Drought-tolerant rootstocks are expected to improve grapevine response to water deficit by improving the water uptake and transport and by reducing the water loss in leaves by root-to-shoot signalling. The mechanisms of rootstocks’ tolerance to drought are not yet fully understood. The main aim of this study was to improve the understanding of the rootstock/scion-cultivar interaction in the regulation of grapevine water use and leaf stomatal behaviour. Irrigated field vines without any water constraint were compared to rain-fed grapevines subjected to moderate water constraint. To better manage vine water status, reduce variability, and compare more rootstocks, greenhouse trials were also conducted where plants were well watered or subjected to severe water constraints. Pinotage grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) grafted onto 110 Richter, 140 Ruggeri and 1103 Paulsen rootstocks were used for field experiments whereas Pinotage grapevines grafted onto 99 Richter, 110 Richter, 140 Ruggeri, 1103 Paulsen and Ramsey were used for greenhouse experiments. Our study suggested the influence of rootstocks on scion-cultivar water status and leaf stomatal size and density and gas exchange of the scion, implying an influence on water uptake and transport and a tight regulation of the stomatal conductance. Our data supported the hypothesis that the influence of rootstock in response to drought seemed to be higher under increasing water deficit up to a point where the plant water status is the main driver of the stomatal conductance and therefore photosynthesis regulation, considering the plant water status thresholds. In addition, the results suggested that stomatal development is affected by light, drought and possibly by rootstocks. Nevertheless, it is still not clear how the rootstock affects stomatal development and the link with scion-cultivar water use. It seems that the transpiration rate of leaves is more related to stomatal size than density. Thus one possible mechanism of Pinotage leaf adaptation to water constraints was structural during leaf growth, with a reduction in pore size to reduce plant water loss. The results showed that the rootstock is regulating the cultivar's stomatal size (anatomical changes during leaf growth) and functioning (stomatal regulation) through a complex signalling process. The effect of light on stomatal development is interesting in the context of canopy microclimate and canopy manipulation (choice of the vine architecture vs canopy size, in the context of climate change versus the possible increase in drought and water scarcity). The use of rootstocks is a long term investment which aims to provide resistance to soil pests and pathogens and to confer to the scion-cultivar drought and salt tolerance. The use of drought tolerant rootstocks is actually one of the most relevant practical solutions in dry terroir – units and in situations where water availability is limited. The understanding of the physiological and genetic mechanisms which govern scion-cultivar drought tolerance/behaviour induced by rootstocks is critical in terms of rootstocks choice in interaction with the scion-cultivar and is critical to assist breeding programs to create/select drought tolerant rootstocks.

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The global wine industry has shifted to a more adopted ‘consumer-preference’ production. Modern wine consumers are more knowledgeable and cultivated in their understanding of wine quality, value and style. The quality of red wines mainly depends on grape composition, the wine making process and the ability of tasters to recognise sensory attributes. The harvest date/stage has an influence on the grape composition, thus making the decision on when to harvest an important factor in the production of quality wines or different wine styles. The traditional indicators used in the wine industry to determine time of harvest are more related to the perception of taste and mouthfeel and give little indication of the style of wine in terms of aromatic profile. A new physiological indicator using berry sugar accumulation for the purpose of sequential harvest is proposed to assist the winemaker in producing wines with possible different sensory profiles. This indicator can be used in association with the classical indicators of ripening to affect the diversity of wine styles from a single vineyard or a group of vineyards. The wines could thus have different potential aroma profiles, depending on when the grapes were harvested. The main aim of this study was to assess the effect of performing sequential harvest using a physiological indicator on red wine’s sensory composition. This was done to study the possible relation between harvest time (e.g. fruit composition evolution) and the wine styles/sensory attributes across the different harvest times, thereby possibly increasing the diversity of wine styles. A theoretical berry sugar loading concept was compiled and displays a phase of rapid sugar loading starting at véraison followed by a plateau phase. Depending on whether grapes were harvested in the beginning, mid or end of the plateau phase of fruit sugar accumulation the wines could have different potential aroma profiles. Three main stages: fresh fruit (FF), neutral (N) or pre ripe and mature fruit (MF) has been previously proposed using the sugar loading concept and in terms of harvesting dates. Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot grapes form Eikendal Vineyards, Stellenbosch were used to make wines according to sequential harvest. Four harvest stages were considered, pre fresh fruit (Pre FF), fresh fruit (FF), mature fruit (MF) and over ripe (OR). The wines were tasted and analysed using two different sensory techniques. In both Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon wines, the PreFF and OR stages could be more easily discriminated than the two harvest stages in-between, FF and MF. The results suggested that the wines made from the FF and MF stages could not be distinguished from each other in general when the attribute citation frequency method or sorting tasks were performed. However, a trend could be observed for both Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot wines in terms of aroma attributes with attributes changing from green to ripe fruit during ripening using expert tasters. Relevant research should be engaged to refine sequential harvest in order to obtain more diverse wine styles from a single site or a group of vineyards. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wêreldwye wynbedryf het ’n verskuiwing ondergaan na ’n verbruikersvoorkeurbenadering in produksie. Wynverbruikers is deesdae beter ingelig en meer ontwikkeld ten opsigte van hulle kennis van wyngehalte, wynstyl, asook die waarde van wyn. Die gehalte van rooiwyn hang hoofsaaklik af van die druifsamestelling, die wynmaakproses en die vermoë van proewers om sensoriese eienskappe te herken. Aangesien die oesdatum/-fase ’n invloed het op druifsamestelling, is die besluit oor wanneer daar geoes moet word ’n belangrike faktor in die vervaardiging van gehaltewyne of verskillende wynstyle. Die tradisionele aanwysers wat in die wynbedryf gebruik word om oestyd te bepaal, hou verband met die waarneming van smaak en mondgevoel en gee weinig aanduiding van die wynstyl op grond van die aromatiese profiel. ’n Nuwe fisiologiese aanwyser wat gebruik maak van suikerakkumulasie in die druiwekorrel in opeenvolgende oeste, het ten doel om die wynmaker te help om wyne met verskeie moontlike sensoriese profiele te vervaardig. Hierdie aanwyser kan saam met die klassieke aanwysers van rypwording gebruik word om ’n verskeidenheid wynstyle uit een wingerd of wingerdgroep te vervaardig. Die wyne kan dus potensieel oor verskillende aromatiese profiele beskik, afhangend van wanneer die druiwe geoes is. Die hoofdoel van die studie was om die invloed van opeenvolgende oes te toets deur ’n fisiologiese aanwyser op rooiwyn se sensoriese samestelling toe te pas. Dit word gedoen deur die moontlike verhouding tussen die oestyd (bv. ontwikkeling van vrugsamestelling) en die wynstyle of wyn se sensoriese kenmerke op verskillende oestye te bestudeer ten einde die verskeidenheid wynstyle potensieel te vermeerder. ’n Teoretiese konsep van druifsuikeropname is saamgestel wat dui op ’n fase van vinnige suikeropname wat by véraison begin, gevolg deur ’n plato-fase. Wyn kan oor verskillende moontlike aromatiese profiele beskik, afhangend daarvan of die druiwe aan die begin, middel of einde van die plato-fase van suikeropname geoes is. Drie hooffases is al voorheen voorgestel deur gebruik te maak van die konsep van suikeropname volgens oesdatum, te wete vars vrugte (VV) (“fresh fruit”, FF), neutraal (N) (“neutral”, N) of voor ryp (“pre ripe”), en ryp vrugte (RF) (“mature fruit”, MF). Cabernet Sauvignon- en Merlot-druiwe van Eikendal, Stellenbosch, se wingerde is gebruik om wyn volgens opeenvolgende oes te maak. Vier oesfases is oorweeg, te wete voor vars vrugte (VVV) (“pre fresh fruit”, Pre FF), vars vrugte (VV) (“fresh fruit”, FF), ryp vrugte (RV) (“mature fruit”, MF), en oorryp (OR) (“over ripe”, OR). Die wyn is geproe en geanaliseer deur gebruik te maak van twee verskille sensoriese tegnieke. In die geval van beide die Merlot- en Cabernet Sauvignon-wyn kon die VVV- en OR-fases makliker onderskei word as die twee tussenin-fases, VV en RV. Resultate dui daarop dat wyn wat van die VV- en RV-fases gemaak is, oor die algemeen nie van mekaar onderskei kan word wanneer die frekwensie van kenmerkaanhaling-metode en sorteringstaak uitgevoer word nie. ’n Tendens kon egter waargeneem word vir Cabernet Sauvignon- én Merlot-wyn ten opsigte van aromatiese kenmerke, deurdat kenmerke gedurende rypwording van groen na ryp vrugte verander het indien ekspertproewers gebruik is. Verdere navorsing moet gedoen word om opeenvolgende oes te verfyn ten einde ’n wyer verskeidenheid wynstyle van ’n enkele area of wingerdgroep te verkry.

Wine sensory attributes are associated with quality of wines. Cabernet Franc did not possess good coloration of its wine. Therefore, in the 2009 and 2010 growing seasons, studies including the sampling of four red wine grape cultivars from the end of flowering throughout the rest of the season and applying treatments to Cabernet Franc grapevines at veraison were commenced to address suitability and color enhancement, respectively. The study examining Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chambourcin, and Norton looked at sampling their grapes at two-week intervals from times post-flowering to understand the demands of each cultivar during key stages of berry development, in particular berry maturation post-veraison. The French-American hybrids Chambourcin and Norton were found to accumulate high levels of anthocyanins, also termed high cultivar performance, while the Vitis vinifera L. cultivars of Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon remained stable in their anthocyanin content post-veraison. The results of the treatments applied to Cabernet Franc as a possible exogenous amelioration for anthocyanin pigment deficit in this cultivar support use of treatments for improving coloration in Cabernet Franc in Kentucky.