Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is commonly used for determining how fast biological organisms use up oxygen in a body of water. It is one of the essential methods used in water quality management and assessment. BOD could be considered as a quality level indicator of biologically treated water. This process is very time-dependent but most common period of incubation is five days - BOD(5). In this thesis different periods of incubation are compared - for BOD(5) with five days incubation period and BOD(2+5) with five days incubation period but also placed for two days to lowered temperature environment. These comparative tests were made for different types of water (surface water, waste water - water from mechanical level and biological level of treatment) For all kinds of determination of BOD the dilution method was used (ČSN EN 1899).

The concept of reusing wastewater in buildings has recently become more important. This is due to change in climatic conditions and reduction of the yield of water resources. Greywater can broadly be defined as not extremely polluted wastewater coming from basins, showers, baths, kitchen sinks and washing machines. The concept based on the use of alternative rate sources wouldn't need same strict parameters as drinking water. Dissertation engage in collecting greywater from basins, showers and wash machines separately from the other more polluted domestic wastewater at the dorms, the laundry machines, the hotels, detached houses, the swimming pools, the office buildings and other buildings. The research showed that membrane filtration meets all needed parameters of water quality and can be used in house systems where we use cleansed white water to flush toilets, watering garden or grass areas. There is still a lack of experience and documentation for such system of operation in our country. Systems of use of greywater in selected objects are detaily solved in my dissertation directed at system proposal.

Perfluoroalkylated substencies are priority organics polutants. They are evolved to the environment from many sources. We classify them as new xenobiotics which are present in the environment. There will be described their chemical, physical and environmental properties in theoretical part and there will be described the analytical chemistry of these substancies in varios types of environmental samples. There will be developed metod for their identification and quantification. For this assignment will be use especially chromathografic methods. There will be developed standard operation procedure. The procedure will be verify on real environmental samples.

Diploma thesis is focused on the choose of methods and optimalisation analysis procedure of selected pharmaceuticals (salicylic acid, ibuprofene, naproxene, ketoprofene and diclofenac) in surface and waste water by using gas chromatography with mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Solid-phase extraction (SPE) with Oasis HLB cartridges was used as an extraction method in this analysis. Extraction is followed by derivatization and their optimalization of selected pharmaceuticals. Derivatization and its optimalization were performed by two silylation reagens N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). Different volumes of derivatization reagents, different temperatures and different times were used during the procedure. The best combination is then used for analysis of real samples. Real samples of waste water were collected in sewage treatment plants in Brno – Modřice and real samples of surface water were collected from several rivers and one pond in region Moravia. This thesis also presents and tests SPE methods for extraction and concentration selected sulfonamide residues (sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine and sulfathiazole) from the aquatic environment.

This master `s thesis deals about the dielectric properties of water. It describes the basic chemical and physical properties of water and its distribution in terms of structure. It also describes the basic parameters of distilled water, deionized and superclean. In the chapter number 5 described the behavior of dielectrics in an electric field, determining the dipole moment by Claus-Mossotti 'equation, measurement of permittivity and loss factor. Practical part is consists of the design of the electrode systém, of measuring the water quality and evaluation of measured data

Grey water is sewage water from bath, bathtub, sinks, washing machines and washers. This water can be cleaned to white water usefull for irrigation, flashing toilets, cleaning cars and for cleaning. This master´s thesis deals with management of water and their possibilities. First part contains description about possibilities of saving drinking water and their the most effective saving. Next part consists study of technological link for grey water cleaning and calculation of saving water with rate of return.

The thesis deals with the issue of simulation of treated wastewater irrigation by the HYDRUS 2D software. The first part of the thesis is designed as a theoretical research of academic information and knowledge. It aims at introducing the issue of treated wastewater utilization for the purpose of the irrigation. Furthermore it provides basic theoretical information on numeric simulation of the dissolved materials motion and transport in the soil. The last chapter of the theoretical part describes the calibration of the simulation by the HYDRUS 2D software. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the formation of filtration columns placed in the chosen site of the root zone wastewater plant. Within the filtration columns the automatic irrigation was formed and set off. Measuring of humidity in filtration columns was taking place for 81 days as well as the water sampling after the flow through the soil horizons. On the grounds of the measuring results the calibration of numeric simulation was carried out by the HYDRUS 2D software. The last part of the thesis presents the applications through the extending and alternation of the modelled setting. The main aim of the thesis is to calibrate the model and propose a general solution to advancement at realization of irrigation details when using the treated wastewater for the purpose of irrigation.

Greywater is waste water from washbasins, showers, baths, kitchen sinks, dishwashers and washing machines. This can be treated to gain so-called white water, which can for example be used for flushing toilets and urinals, watering greenery or for cleaning. The subject of this diploma thesis is to state the possibilities for utilisation of greywater. In the first part of this thesis, research will be elaborated on the given topic. In the following chapters, I would like to state examples of the possibilities for utilisation of greywater. The practical part should consist of design of a system for treatment of greywater in a specific building.

The aim of this thesis is to map an anti-flooding protection in locality Dobrá Voda near Hořice and to create suitable plan of a water retention reservoir. Retention reservoir works as a system for holding and transformation of flood wave and thus for dealing with floods. First part of this thesis covers general description of issues of floods, current legislature, anti-flooding measures and a description of flood wave transformation. Methods for determination of retention seepage of the reservoir are described in this part as well. Computer programmes (HEC-RAS, Transformwave) were used for the purpose of above mentioned determination. In the second part of this thesis the given locality is described including all the possible risks and plans of convenient anti-flooding measures. The results of appropriate software determinations are compared in this part of the thesis as well. A final plan of a suitable retention reservoir is based on the results of comparison.

<p>Cilj ove doktorske disertacije je bio da se ispita mogućnost dobijanja prirodnih<br />koagulanata iz zrna pasulja koji bi se koristili u obradi različitih voda i otpadnih voda. U okviru izvedenih eksperimenata su utvrđeni najbolji uslovi za ekstrakciju prirodnih koagulanata iz pasulja, određen je hemijski sastav sirovih ekstrakata dobijenih na različite načine, proverena je trajnost i određen način čuvanja sirovih ekstrakata i ispitan uticaj različitih parametara na koagulacionu aktivnost sirovih ekstrakata.<br />S obzirom na to da su prirodni koagulanti organskog porekla, oni povećavaju sadržaj organskih materija u tretiranoj vodi, pa su u okviru rada ispitane i upoređene različite metode preči&scaron;ćavanja sirovog ekstrakta pasulja, a zatim određen uticaj sirovog ekstrakta i preči&scaron;ćenih koagulanata na sadržaj organskih materija u obrađenoj vodi.<br />Kako bi se ispitala efikasnost prirodnih koagulanata iz zrna pasulja u realnim vodama,<br />oni su bili primenjeni u otpadnim vodama od proizvodnje bioetanola. Pored toga, ispitana je mogućnost njihove primene u kombinaciji sa konvencionalnim koagulantima, i na samom kraju je ispitan sastav pasulja koji preostane nakon ekstrakcije prirodnih koagulanata kako bi se utvrdilo da li je pogodan za kori&scaron;ćenje kao<br />dodatak stočnoj hrani.<br />Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da se iz zrna pasulja može dobiti ekstrakt visoke koagulacione aktivnosti, koji se dalje može efikasno prečistiti tako da ne povećava sadržaj organskih materija u obrađenoj vodi, već ga naprotiv smanjuje. Takođe, prirodni koagulanti iz pasulja se mogu uspe&scaron;no primeniti za tretman otpadnih voda od proizvodnje bioetanola, mogu biti pomoćni koagulanti aluminijum-sulfatu, a pasulj nakon ekstrakcije prirodnih koagulanata sa destilovanom vodom se može iskoristiti kao<br />dodatak stočnoj hrani.</p> / <p>The aim of this PhD thesis was to investigate the possibility to obtain natural coagulants from common bean which could be used for different waters and wastewaters treatment. The optimal conditions for extraction of natural coagulants from common bean, the chemical composition of crude extracts obtained in different ways and the influence of various parameters on coagulation activity of crude extracts were determined within the performed experiments. The durability of crude extracts was checked and the way of their storage defined.<br />Considering the fact that natural coagulants are of organic origin, they increase the content of organic matter in treated water. Hence, the different methods of purification of common bean crude extract were investigated and compared, and thereafter the influence of crude extract and purified coagulants on organic matter content in treated water was determined.<br />Natural coagulants obtained from common bean were applied in bioethanol stillages in order to explore their efficiency in real waters. Besides, the possibility of their usage combined with conventional coagulants was investigated. At the end, the composition of common bean that remains after extraction of natural coagulants was determined in order to to prove if it was appropriate as addition to feed.<br />Obtained results showed that extract of high coagulation activity can be obtained from common bean. It can be efficiently purified so as not to increase the organic matter content of the water, but on the contrary, to decrease it. Natural coagulants from common bean can be successfully applied for treatment of wastewaters remained after bioethanol production, they can be used as coagulant aid with alum, and the common bean remained after extraction of natural coagulants with distilled water can be utilized as addition to feed.</p>