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Thesis Tracking changes water quality in Želečský creek and small water reservoir Želeč deal with tracking water quality in Želečský creek and small water reservoir Želeč. On site will be performed reguraly measurements and water sampling, which will be found in the current state of creek and in the water tank. The measured data are compared with the period 2008 -- 2009. The measured data will be compare with relevant laws. Consequently, measures are proposed as wastewater treatment, which will help improve water quality and watershed measures to prevent pollution of water reservoirs and flow washes off the fields.

This Master's thesis is devoted to the issue of old ecological burdens. Literal review summarizes general information about old ecological burdens, selection process of remediation, remeditaion technologies, in both saturated and unsaturated zones, further divided into biological, physical and chemical methods. Within the content cross-cutting legislation regarding to old ecological burdens is summarized. Second part of this thesis is dedicated to specific old ecological burden namely Laguny Ostramo in Ostrava. Selected burden was evaluated by the risk analysis and proposals for the completion of remediation were suggested.

Increasing of human life comfort and safety requires development and application of new chemical substances, which, unfortunately, cannot be completely removed by WWTPs. Thus, these compounds, their metabolites and TPs formed during human/animals/bacteria metabolism, wastewater treatment and natural environmental processes are tend to contaminate all the environmental compartments. Appearance of advanced analytical instrumentation and techniques enable to perform research on emerging environment contaminants fate. This thesis was focused on application of high resolution mass spectrometer and new generation of triple quadrupole for analysis of the environmental pollutants. All studies were mainly devoted to such a group of contaminants as pharmaceuticals because of their high consumption, frequent occurrence in all environmental matrices and potential to cause adverse effects for non-targeted organism due to their biological activity. The first part of the thesis is related to method development for identification and quantification of metabolites in the different tissues of rainbow trout exposed to diltiazem. As a result, 17 diltiazem metabolites were tentatively identified by HRMS and spectral interpretation software. The complex metabolic pathway in metabolic phase I for diltiazem and tissue specific bioconcentration in fish were proposed in the study. The second part of the work is mainly focused on investigation of pharmaceuticals fate in the soil environment. The transformation of several pharmaceuticals, such as atenolol, metoprolol, carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and clindamycin in 13 different soils was studied under laboratory conditions. The parent compounds were analyzed in all studied soils and dissipation curves were plotted. Finally, 15 known and new metabolites were detected and identified. Moreover, identity of 6 of them was confirmed by available analytical standards. It was shown that almost the same metabolites profile was observed in all soils, but formed amount and degradation rate of all detected metabolites were soil type dependent. Several parent compounds and metabolites were shown to be persistent in the soils. Consequently, pharmaceuticals can be transported via ground water to plant. Further fate of pharmaceuticals must be studied as it can have adverse effect on crop consumers. The third part of the dissertation dealt with an important issue of pharmaceuticals transport between different aquatic environmental compartments. Water, sediments and fish from a pond affected with TWW from a local WWTP were analyzed within this project. 18 pharmaceuticals and 7 their metabolites were found in all studied matrices. Solid water distribution coefficients for sediments and bioaccumulation factors for fish liver were obtained in this study under real conditions. Seasonal variations in all studied parameters were investigated for one year period. This study help to extend a limited available information on fate of wide range of compound, especially metabolites in the aquatic environment affected by treated wastewater.

Not accounting for the electronic polarizability due to divalent ions such as Ca2+ introduces a significant artifacts to force field-based molecular dynamic simulations of biological systems. Two newly developed parameter refinements were used to compute the free energy profile of the Ca2+ -Cl- ion dissociation in aqueous solutions, to be compared with a free energy profile obtained from ab-intio molecular dynamics and to data from neutron scattering. Next, the computational evidence for the existence of a local free energy min- imum representing a guanidinium-guanidinium contact ion pair in aqueous solu- tions is provided suggesting a global preference for a contact ion pair. Finally, the passive membrane penetration mechanism of oligoarginines was investigated on a cell membrane model systems - lipid vesicles - by fluorescent spectroscopy. In this study, a mechanistic link between membrane penetration and vesicle aggregation and fusion was found. 1

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This master thesis mentions the brief information about Hradec Králové region in the first chapter. It is focused on the characterization of water as a basic structural element of life on the Earth. The information about underground water, water sources and its distribution, drainage, water ducts and towers, water storages and the protection and the future of the water were necessary to mention in the context of this part of the master thesis. The master thesis brings the information about the way to lead water from the sources to the final consumers. It was also focused on the wide theme of terrorism, the master thesis has no sense without mentioning of these basic information. The water critical infrastructure could be damage by its usage in Hradec Králové region. The infrastructure and the critical infrastructure were compiled in detail in the last part of the contemporary state of this master thesis to make up better idea about its parts. The aim of this master thesis was to explore the possibilities of the attack of the critical water infrastructure in Hradec Králové region by the terrorists. As one of the method for the elaboration of the contemporary state was used the collection of the relevant literature in the master thesis. The subsequent background research method results from this collection of the relevant literature. The method FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis) classified as a method of the compilation risk analysis was the another method which was used for the evaluation of the outcomes from the guided interviews. With success we can tell that the critical infrastructure is sufficiently protected against the potential terroristic attacks in the specific places in Hradec Králové region.

Sediment cores obtained during the year 2006 (April, June, September), originated from inflow and dam sites in hypertrophic reservoir were incubated and analyzed in the laboratory under in situ conditions. The aim of this study was to find out the release rates of phosphorus and iron and to define the changes in the concentrations of dissolved compounds in pore water in the first 6 cm in the sediment. Gel minipeepers were used to measure the vertical profiles of dissolved analyts in pore water. This method was found suitable for investigation of P, Fe and basic ions concentrations. Differences between inflow and dam site were found

Stable isotope composition of bulk leaf water is a useful proxy for geochemical and biological processes and is, thus, appreciated in ecological research and global modelling. The mechanisms determining the abundance of different isotopes in leaf water are not fully understood. The research presented in this thesis aimed to describe variability in leaf water isotopes which occurs under natural conditions and to distinguish which factors generate such variability. For that purpose, field sampling, water extraction, stable isotope analysis and measurements of several additional environmental and physiological characteristics were carried out at one sampling site during three subsequent growing seasons. The results obtained point out that oxygen isotopes rather then hydrogen isotopes have greater potential to be used in higher scale applications. Apart from that, several interesting ecophysiological interpretations of isotopic data have been made.

Main objective of the diploma thesis was to observe the concentrations of selected types of drugs in the environment around the area of the village Horní Beřkovice. This goal was achieved by monitoring of the drugs concentration in surface and ground waters at Horní Beřkovice site. Monitoring system allowed to detect the passage of pollution from the source of the contamination, through sewage treatment plant, the unsaturated zone and aquifer to a potential user of contaminated groundwater. The diploma thesis is based on the field data from TACR project. I have analyzed data from the six samplings at the area of the village Horní Beřkovice with regard to the observed drugs or their residues in surface and ground waters. I have compared the results with data from the sewage treatment plants in the river basin of Želivka. Keywords: ground water, surface water, sewage treatment plant, drugs, contamination