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Abstract ¡§Taiwan Domestic Shipbuilding Industries and Warship Commercial Maintenance¡¨ is the long-term policy of defense independent industries pushed by the Taiwan government. Domestic shipbuilding, ship maintenance, and national integrated resources can be used to support naval ships logistic maintenance. But there are some differences in technology and concept between ¡§merchant ship¡¨ and ¡§warship¡¨. The complexity, mobility, and specialization of warship systems are higher than merchant ships. Every type of operating system now utilized by commercial shipyards must be modified if they want to receive and carry on warship commercial maintenance activity. Building desirable systems to conduct warship maintenance project management effectively is the key factor if commercial shipyards wish to carry on warship commercial maintenance activity. How to evaluate a warship commercial maintenance system and provide improved solutions for commercial shipyards is the main purpose of this research. This paper start from warship maintenance project management and focuses on warship commercial maintenance peculiarities to correct domestic public projects and shipbuilding related references. We use the Habitual Domains (HD) method to search Key Success Factors (KSF) for warships commercial maintenance system applied to commercial shipyards and to adopt Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to exploit a multi-estimate criteria model to enhance effectiveness and reliability for evaluating a warship commercial maintenance system. The present study uses theoretical and actual experiences to develop a warship commercial maintenance system. Several recommendations are made in order to improve overall performance of a warship commercial maintenance system. We hope that domestic commercial shipyards can do the long-term planning and investment on conducting warship commercial maintenance activity. The navy also can perform warship maintenance frugally and diversely. In this way, navy and commercial shipyards can cooperate and realize the optimal benefit from both sides. ¡iKey Words¡j Taiwan Domestic Shipbuilding Industries, Warship Commercial Maintenance, warship maintenance project management, Habitual Domains (HD), Key Success Factor (KSF), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

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[pt] Estudos demonstram um aumento de 9,3 por cento nas emissões marítimas de CO2 entre 2012 e 2018. Nos últimos anos, muitas estratégias vêm sendo utilizadas para melhorar a eficiência dos navios e reduzir a emissão de carbono. Nesse contexto, este estudo tem como objetivo identificar a solução mais adequada entre as tecnologias de descarbonização marítima disponíveis para aplicação em um navio de guerra da Marinha do Brasil. Como metodologia, é realizada uma revisão terciária da literatura e um estudo de caso, com aplicação de um método misto de análise multicritério para rankeamento e seleção de tecnologias, baseado na opinião de especialistas da Marinha do Brasil. O estudo de caso está baseado em três proposições de pesquisa: (i) é possível que a Marinha do Brasil implemente tecnologias voltadas para descarbonização em um Navio de Guerra; (ii) os resultados dos estudos são generalizáveis para outros Navios de Guerra com tamanhos e tipos de viagens similares; (iii) a Marinha do Brasil é capaz de se alinhar à teoria da ambidestria organizacional, ao implementar tecnologias novas voltadas para a descarbonização de navios. Os resultados demonstram que a utilização de motor de combustão interna com aplicação de biocombustíveis do tipo drop-in ainda é a escolha mais apropriada para o navio de guerra selecionado. O estudo oferece uma contribuição prática e teórica para descarbonização marítima, ao apresentar o estado da arte das tecnologias e combustíveis alternativos disponíveis, bem como sua aplicabilidade no setor naval. / [en] Studies show a 9.3 percent increase in maritime CO2 emissions between 2012 and 2018. In recent years, many strategies have been employed to improve ship efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. In this context, this study aims to identify the most suitable solution among the available maritime decarbonization technologies for application to a Brazilian Navy warship. As a methodology, a tertiary review of the literature and a case study are carried out, with the application of a mixed-method multicriteria analysis for ranking and selection of technologies, based on the opinion of experts from the Brazilian Navy. The case study is based on three research propositions: (i) is it possible for the Brazilian Navy to implement technologies aimed at decarbonization in a Warship; (ii) the results of the studies are generalizable to other Warships with similar sizes and types of voyages; (iii) the Brazilian Navy is able to align itself with the theory of organizational ambidexterity, by implementing new technologies aimed at the decarbonization of ships. The results demonstrate that the use of an internal combustion engine with the application of drop-in biofuels is still the most appropriate choice for the selected warship. The study offers both practical and theoretical contributions to maritime decarbonization by presenting the state-of-the-art technologies and alternative fuels available, as well as their applicability in the naval sector.

「天下雖安，忘戰必危」，基於國防科技發展攸關一國武力消長，且一旦武器外購管道受阻，國家安全及命脈均將受到威脅。面對國際情勢的複雜變化、中國大陸軍力的擴張、南海及東海領土領海主權爭議、美國「再平衡」的戰略作為、非傳統安全問題，造成亞太地區的安全困境及軍備競賽，嚴重影響整體區域安全，欲確保臺海和平及區域穩定，我們絕不能寄望他人的善意，唯有積極強化國防自主，方能有效維護國家安全。有鑑於自主國防理念，我國推行「國艦國造」政策，期以扶植國內造船產業發展，並帶動國家整體經濟發展，然「國艦國造」並非一蹴可及，需要長期努力及結合造船團隊才能逐步達成，本文即以決策理論為基礎，以「決策者」、「利益團體」及「官僚體系」等三種決策模型，分析國艦國造政策主要窒礙問題為，缺乏重工業基礎，造艦關鍵總成能量不足、政府未整合相關產業推展窒礙，適時修訂相關法令、造艦與修艦概念未整合，全壽期委外造艦模式難以推展等。並續以精進造船廠策略聯盟等六項建言修訂「國艦國造」整體政策，並期許國防部及民間造船產業鏈上的每一分子，均應以國家整體利益為重，以「國防定要自主的決心」共同完成「國艦國造」的光榮使命。 / Facing a changing international environment with traditional and non-traditional issues, such as military expansion of People’s Republic of China, territorial disputes in South and East China Sea, the U.S. “rebalancing”, etc., it is important to keep the national defense independent and accordingly maintain cross-strait peace and regional stability in East Asia. Therefore, Taiwan has promoted the “self-built warship” policy as a long-term goal in order to foster local shipbuilding industry, to encourage economic growth, and most important of all, to realize the ultimate goal which is self-defense. This thesis is trying to analyze the current problem of “self-built warship” under the decision-making framework by using the decision-maker model, the interest groups model, and the bureaucratic organizations model. Through these three models, I conclude that several obstacles hindering the policy promotion: lack of foundation of heavy industries, lack of key technology for shipbuilding, lack of capacities to integrating related industries, lack of proper law-making, lack of consistent capacities of constructing and repairing, and difficulties in outsourcing with total life cycle of warship. Finally, the author provides six policy recommendations improving the “warship self-built” policy which is expected to be fulfilled for the self-defense, a long term military defense policy in Republic of China on Taiwan.

This paper is an investigation into a quantitative selection process of either a mechanical or electrical system architecture for the transmission of propulsion power in naval combatant vessels. A database of historical naval ship characteristics was statistically analyzed to determine if there were any predominant ship parameters that could be used to predict whether a ship should be designed with a mechanical power transmission system or an electric one. A Principal Component Analysis was performed to determine the minimum number of dimensions required to define the relationship between the propulsion transmission architecture and the independent variables. Combining the results of the statistical analysis and the PCA, neural networks were trained and tested to separately predict the transmission architecture or the installed electrical generation capacity of a given class of naval combatant.

The collections of the Vasa Museum in Stockholm Sweden not only include the world’s only complete 17th century warship, the famous Vasa who sank on her maiden voyage outside Stockholm in the summer of 1628, but also a unique and extensive collection of dress artifacts, fragments from clothes in textile and leather recovered during the excavation of the ship. This study aims to present historical narratives about the labour, knowledge of craft and everyday life of the ship’s crew by analysing leather mittens and other types of artifacts related to the work on board as material culture, aided by early modern Dutch depictions in art showing work being done on large ships contemporary with Vasa. Two types of leather mittens in the Vasa museum’s collections have been identified as having parallels in similar mittens also from maritime context. These mittens are further investigated regarding the mystery of their making and specific traces of use. The results indicate that some of the mittens could potentially be of a particular Dutch style or origin, perhaps worn as a fashion statement among Dutch sailors. Other mittens of an unusually dark and heavy leather bear the signs of hard labour and work with scolding hot pitch and tar from caulking wooden ships. These mittens are also characterised by an economic model of cutting the leather that may connect them with the making of simple leather shoes found on Vasa, as the left-over material for one is highly suitable for the other. Both types of mittens reveal something about the sailor’s life before they enlisted on Vasa and prove that mittens could have distinct functions within the spectra of labour in a maritime context.Most importantly the results of this study suggest that the crowns attempt to force professional practitioners of craft to move from the countryside into the cities in the early 1600’s are not only connected to the development of guilds for leatherworkers in Stockholm, but also to the navy’s need for sailors and the general lack of leather in Sweden during the ongoing war. The presence of tools and material for leathercraft as a common find category among the crew's personal belongings can be regarded together with knowledge of craft culture in the countryside in the areas where boatmen were drafted can point out skinners and cobblers in the Finish coastal regions and countryside as craftsmen who both have knowledge of leathercraftneeded for making both mittens an simple shoes as found on Vasa. These groups of poor leatherworkers were among those targeted by discharges to the navy. Leather mittens interpreted as material culture are found to be consistent with the idea that individuals with a background as Finnish leatherworkers on the countryside may have ended up as sailors on the Swedish warship Vasa.

Phoenician ships in the broadest sense of the word are the focus of this dissertation and it encompasses the entire period of both Phoenician and Punic seafaring. The study is quantitative, largely historical and archaeological, with the use of secondary sources as well as iconography. The origins of the Phoenician construction technique, the mortise-and-tenon joints, are investigated as well as the various types of Phoenician ships. These are analysed under the headings Merchant ships, Warships and Utility ships. The materials mentioned in Ezekiel’s prophecy about ‘The Ship Tyre’, are analysed, whether they fit the purpose for which they are mentioned. The production process of purple cloth with the use of Murex molluscs is described in detail including an analysis of the boats used to catch the molluscs. The possibility is investigated of whether the Ashkelon Dog Burials could be related to the Phoenician trade in dogs, and whether they could have served as ship dogs. Lastly the difficulties encountered in sailing through the narrow sea straits of the Mediterranean Sea are described, which are subject to Internal waves, affecting the surface water. / Old Testament & Ancient Near Eastern Studies / M. A. (Biblical Archaeology)

Phoenician ships in the broadest sense of the word are the focus of this dissertation and it encompasses the entire period of both Phoenician and Punic seafaring. The study is quantitative, largely historical and archaeological, with the use of secondary sources as well as iconography. The origins of the Phoenician construction technique, the mortise-and-tenon joints, are investigated as well as the various types of Phoenician ships. These are analysed under the headings Merchant ships, Warships and Utility ships. The materials mentioned in Ezekiel’s prophecy about ‘The Ship Tyre’, are analysed, whether they fit the purpose for which they are mentioned. The production process of purple cloth with the use of Murex molluscs is described in detail including an analysis of the boats used to catch the molluscs. The possibility is investigated of whether the Ashkelon Dog Burials could be related to the Phoenician trade in dogs, and whether they could have served as ship dogs. Lastly the difficulties encountered in sailing through the narrow sea straits of the Mediterranean Sea are described, which are subject to Internal waves, affecting the surface water. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M. A. (Biblical Archaeology)