This study investigates the possibilities of applying water generated from the atmosphere for agricultural processes, particularly hydroponic systems. A solar powered, off-grid greenhouse system is proposed as a theoretical solution to food production, in areas affected by water scarcity. Two experiments are conducted with the purpose of testing atmospheric water quality and how it performs in a hydroponic setting. The plausibility of powering said greenhouse system using solar energy is investigated, considering several available solar technologies. Ultimately, the footprint area required to install enough capacity to power the system is discussed, and the potential site of such a system is modelled and visualized. The experiments concluded that atmospheric water is likely suitable for hydroponic use. The study also found that the footprint area required for the greenhouse system probably can be considered reasonable for certain applications, but more research and advances within solar power technology would be beneficial / <p>2021-06-08</p>

The purpose of the paper is to examine how water scarcity affects women in Gakuto and strategies they use to adapt to water scarcity. Water is a basic necessity and a requirement for all according to United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Botswana is one of the countries faced with water scarcity. The key geographical features of low rainfalls and semi-arid conditions contribute to the scarcity of water resources in the country. The paper highlights challenges faced by women in Gakuto village and strategies they use to cope with water scarcity. A conceptual framework has been used to discuss the relevant concepts that underpin the research. These are water scarcity, adaptation and coping, vulnerability. Data was collected during a site visit through semi structured interviews, field observations and secondary data sources from the government reports and publications. Using semi structured interviews, 23 women from 12 households were interviewed to outline challenges they face in accessing water and sanitation in the village. A traditional leader was also involved to outline the situation of water access in the village. Results show that over 80% of participants travel more than 1km from their households to access water. According to World Health Organisation, in Africa, women walk an average of 10 km per day collecting water. Data was coded and analysed to outline an overview of the various coping and adaptation strategies that participants employ at household level. Majority of them use rainwater, change water routine, access water through social networking and reuse at household level.

Magister Commercii - MCom / In order to comply with the Air Quality Act 2010, Eskom will have to install flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) plants for both new and old power stations. Wet-flue gas desulphurisation (wet-FGD) is adopted world-wide as an effective flue gas treatment technology and therefore will be adopted by Eskom. During the process of desulphurisation, the flue gas is stripped of SO2 but gains a substantial amount of water. Sustaining this process requires a continuous supply of fresh water, a scarce resource in many places where power stations are built. This research investigates the economic feasibility of technologies capable of recovering water from flue gas. The following technologies were considered to capture water vapour from flue gas taking Eskom’s Medupi Power Station as a case study; condensing heat exchanger technology, desiccant drying systems and membrane technology using membrane modules developed by other students in this project. The water vapour selective membrane technology turned out to be superior.

Purpose: The aim of this research is firstly to find out whether or not companies have strategies to address future scenarios of water scarcity. It is of importance to find out what they are doing to mitigate the issues they already have or will encounter in the future. Secondly, motivational drivers who have affected their decision-making are discussed in order to fully understand the process of working with water scarcity. Method: The qualitative research paper is based on five in-depth interviews with open-ended questions. The interviewee was able to explain the processes and strategic decision-making of the company. Follow-up questions were sent via email to complement these. Findings: The study declares that the majority of the companies had vague strategies to minimize water consumption and mitigate the issues they would encounter in a situation of water scarcity. They were more like visions or intentions. The motivational drivers and pressures companies have encountered and which have initiated the process and developing strategies were primarily the four following: (1) economic, (2) environmental, (3) social, and (4) impact from authorities.

Tourism is one of the leading industries, in terms of international trading between countries. In addition to receipts received at destinations, international tourism has also generated US$211 billion in exports through international passenger transport services. The study is conducted in Isfahan, a city in center of Iran. The city is unique in its cultural heritage and archeology. It is one of Iran's oldest cities at more than 1,500 years of age. An important cultural and commercial center, Isfahan is Iran's third largest metropolitan area. Isfahan experiences an arid climate, like the rest of the Iranian plateau with low rainfall. Isfahan has a high capacity to attract international tourists to provide a better understanding of Iran’s history, culture, and natural environment to the world. Zayandeh Rud which means “life-giving River” is the largest Iranian plateau and the most important surface water in Isfahan. It starts from Zagros Mountains and ends in the Gavkhouni Swamp, a seasonal salt lake in the southeast of Isfahan. The catchment area has been affected by two drought periods within the last 15 years. Decreasing surface and groundwater availability has been accompanied by an increase in water withdrawal for irrigation, domestic uses, industry, and water transfers to neighboring provinces. This has led to severe ecological and social consequences. This study identifies the potentials of Isfahan in attracting international tourists and also evaluate the water crisis that the city faces. The research is based on qualitative method. The primary data is gathered through face to face and phone interviews and questionnaires. The results show some finding solutions to water crisis in Isfahan and some suggestions for improving tourism industry in the city.

Studies in the conflict-climate field usually aim to examine how environmental scarcities canbe linked to conflict, but positive outcomes are generally overlooked. Lately, attention isbeing drawn to the relationship between water scarcity and migration flows. Some researchersargue that efficiency in managing resources is likely to be an imminent issue in migrantreceiving areas and competition over resources are common, especially when they are scarce.As is evident, there is a rule rather than exception that climate related events happensimultaneously, yet few studies do focus on the coupled effect of such climatic events. Torealistically estimate responses to climate change, this study will aim to examine weatherwater scarcity, by itself and in combination with migration-inflow, can encouragecooperation. By using disaggregated data, a sub-analysis was conducted throughout countriesbordering the Mediterranean Sea, covering the years 1997-2009. The results of this studyshow that water scarcity increases the likelihood of non-state cooperation. Overall, thissuggests that water management plays an important role in human interaction and should beconsidered in peacebuilding processes.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第22163号 / 農博第2377号 / 新制||農||1074(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R2||N5243(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 舟川 晋也, 教授 縄田 栄治, 准教授 真常 仁志 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the health implications of water scarcity as experienced by Palestinian farmers in the conflict context of the Jordan Valley. Background: Water scarcity in Palestine is a result of both man-made water scarcity and climate change-related water scarcity. Human and non-human health is under threat of water scarcity in Palestine. No previous research about how Palestinian farmers perceive their health in relation to water scarcity within their conflict context.  Methods: A qualitative case study was conducted in the Jordan Valley (Al Aghwar) area in Palestine. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Farmers (n = 9) participated in the study. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Braun and Clarke (2006) guidelines.  Results: Three themes were identified: Psychological distress and depression, physical diseases, and emotional well-being and resilience. Conclusion: The complexity of the causes of water scarcity in the Palestinian context led the Jordan Valley framers’ to perceive psychological distress, depression, and physical diseases in relation to water scarcity. On the other hand, due to the specific conflict context, water scarcity enhances farmers’ land attachment, and identity while resisting the man-made water scarcity situation, and influences the farmer’s perception of emotional well-being and resilience.