Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T13:54:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA JOSE DOS SANTOS.pdf: 1153178 bytes, checksum: 881c3f9cb0a4a67937bcfa293e5be90e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-30 / FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA E AO DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTIFICO E TECNOLÓGICO DO MARANHÃO / This research presents the results of an investigation concerning the pedagogic uses of the new technologies of the information and of the communication in classroom of the medium teaching of a school of the state net of teaching of São Luís - MA. How do the teachers use the technologies made available at the school in their classes? With that departure question to present dissertation was developed. Seeking, therefore, to apprehend, starting from the investigation of the teacher's practice in classroom and of the speeches through interviews and of the application of a questionnaire, that you sort things out of doing they were being produced in the exercise of the teaching when of the pedagogic uses of the technologies made available in the school space. The analyses based priorly on the use concepts or consumption, strategies, tactics and users of Certeau (2008), of habitus of Bourdieu (2007c) and of technique of Lévy (1999). The uses or consumption of NTIC in the classroom of the medium teaching constitute the focus of the work and they are understood starting from the production in own ways of consumption by the users of those cultural goods. We left of the hypothesis that in the development of the educational work when of the use of NTIC, teaching and learning they link as a special form of production and consumption. In that sense, the use doesn't happen in a passive way as an answer the proposals and expressed impositions in the legal devices (PCNEM and DCNEM), but they are practical that revolt and they are susceptible to subvert the manufacturer's logic, thought for the use of those tools, underlying to ideal of the market that sustains the new global economical model. / Esta pesquisa apresenta os resultados de uma investigação acerca dos usos pedagógicos das novas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação (NITC) em sala de aula do Ensino Médio de uma escola da rede estadual de ensino de São Luís - MA. Como os professores utilizam as tecnologias disponibilizadas na escola em suas aulas? Com essa pergunta de partida, a presente dissertação foi desenvolvida. Visamos apreender, a partir da investigação da prática dos professores em sala de aula e das falas por meio de entrevistas e da aplicação de um questionário, que maneiras de fazer estavam sendo produzidas no exercício da docência quando dos usos pedagógicos das tecnologias disponibilizadas no espaço escolar. As análises basearam-se prioritariamente nos conceitos de uso ou consumo, estratégias, táticas e usuários de Michel Certeau (2008), de habitus de Pierre Bourdieu (2007c) e de técnica de Pierre Lévy (1999). Os usos ou consumo das NTIC na sala de aula do Ensino Médio constituem o foco do trabalho e são entendidos a partir da produção de formas próprias de consumo pelos usuários desses bens culturais. Partimos da hipótese de que no desenvolvimento do trabalho docente quando do uso das NTIC, ensino e aprendizagem relacionam-se como uma forma especial de produção e consumo. Neste sentido, o uso não ocorre de forma passiva como uma resposta às propostas e imposições expressas nos dispositivos legais (PCNEM e DCNEM), mas são práticas que surgem e são passíveis de subverterem a lógica dos fabricantes pensada para o uso dessas ferramentas, às quais subjaz o ideário mercadológico que sustenta o novo modelo econômico global.

A presente pesquisa de doutorado teve o objetivo de analisar o modelo socialista de produção agrícola coletiva implantado através das Cooperativas de Produção Agropecuárias (CPAs), tanto em Cuba, a partir do início da década de 1970, quanto pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), no Brasil, a partir de meados da década de 1980. Nas CPAs a lógica de vida e produção camponesa são transformadas para dar lugar ao trabalho agrícola na lógica socialista. O trabalho antes realizado pela família camponesa, visando a satisfação das suas necessidades, passa a ser realizado pelo trabalhador cooperado, visando o aumento da produção, produtividade e eficiência. A coletivização agrícola é decorrente de um debate histórico no interior do marxismo sobre a necessidade de transformações nas relações de produção e propriedade visando a superação do capitalismo. A perspectiva teórica que a fundamenta é a marxista-leninista, que vê o campesinato como classe em extinção no capitalismo, e sem lugar no socialismo. A principal tese que a sustenta é a superioridade da grande produção agrícola em detrimento da pequena produção camponesa. No Brasil, a pesquisa de campo foi realizada em assentamentos do MST do Estado do Pará, e em Cuba, no município de Vinhales, província de Pinar del Río. Uma contradição semelhante a ambos os casos é que a agricultura coletiva, como grande unidade produtiva, demanda investimentos e recursos permanentes, que nem sempre as cooperativas são capazes de arcar. Com isso há perda de autonomia sobre a produção e os resultados econômicos podem não ser os esperados. Em decorrência, tanto no MST, quanto em Cuba, há um movimento de reflexão sobre as contradições da produção agrícola coletiva, e um considerável retorno dos cooperados à condição camponesa, trazendo à tona novamente o debate sobre o papel do campesinato na construção de um mundo melhor e mais justo. / The doctoral research this aimed to analyze the socialist model of collective agricultural production implemented through the Agricultural Production Cooperatives (CPAs), both in Cuba, from the beginning of the 1970s, and by the Rural Workers Landless Movement ( MST) in Brazil since the mid-1980s CPAs In the logic of life and peasant production are transformed to make way for agricultural labor in the socialist logic. The work done before the peasant family in order to satisfy their needs, is now held by the cooperative worker, aimed at increasing production, productivity and efficiency. The agricultural collectivization is due to a historical debate within Marxism on the need for changes in production and property relations aimed at overcoming of capitalism. The theoretical perspective underlying it is the Marxist-Leninist, you see on the peasantry as a class endangered in capitalism, and no place in socialism. The main thesis that sustains it is the superiority of large agricultural production at the expense of small peasant production. In Brazil, the field survey was conducted in the state of Para MST settlements, and Cuba in the town of Vinales, Pinar del Río. A similar contradiction to both cases is that collective farming, as large manufacturing plant, investment demand and permanent resources that are not always cooperatives are able to afford. Thus, there is a loss of autonomy over production and economic results cannot be expected. As a result, both the MST, as in Cuba, there is a reflection movement on the contradictions of collective farming, and a considerable return of the cooperative to the peasant condition, bringing up again the debate on the role of the peasantry in building a world better and fairer.

My diploma thesis called "The Meander publishing house" characterizes this publishing house in the context of the current state of the book market and children's reading. There is a paradoxical situation in the Czech Republic. Although literary production of books for children and young people increases a lot in recent years, recent readership surveys show a significant decline in reading habits. There are several institutions in the Czech Republic trying to enforce the motivation to read and to support high-quality children's publishing. The Meander publishing house is annually involved in encouraging children to read through the festival called "Děti, čtete?" (Children, do you read?). The Meander publishing house offers the quality outstanding books which resulted in increasing of the literacy level of the Czech Republic. The publishing house is connected with the name Petr Nikl, an author, artist, theater artist and musician. He is a well-rounded Czech artist and thus he is considered to be one of the most significant personalities of Czech culture. Nikl is also very popular with readership for his literary activities in the field of nonsense prose and poetry. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Depuis les années quatre-vingt-dix, la propagation de l’internet et de ses périphériques a permis à de nombreux producteurs, distributeurs et spectateurs de cinéma de modifier leurs attitudes vis-à-vis des films. Notre travail a consisté à démontrer que les caractères techniques de l’internet, ainsi que l’hypertextualité et l’interactivité, expliquent les changements des activités liées au cinéma et au film même. Bien que la réception de l’internet de la part du public ait été extraordinairement rapide, la part du marché du film en ligne n’est cependant pas encore notable. Nonobstant cela, la croissance de la génération numérique et la simplification des techniques nous encouragent à confirmer le potentiel de l’internet. La filière de la distribution est davantage influencée par l’internet. La concurrence s’est multipliée et l’évolution de la chronologie des médias était inévitable. Malgré la menace de la piraterie et la formation du réseau interne des méga-médias, il semble que l’internet soit un canal on ne peut plus utile en ce qui concerne les films indépendants. Dans la production, toutes les étapes deviennent participatives. L’interaction entre les cinéastes et les spectateurs et entre ceux-ci et les oeuvres a donné lieu aux films participatifs ainsi que les films en forme de multi-histoires, les films de jeu et les films de relais. Comme l’a montré l’étude des caractères techniques de l’internet, la producion et la distribution ainsi que le visionnage des films sont influencés par l’internet au sens de l’instantanéité et de la massification – qui peut se traduire par la participation du public –. Ces deux principaux effets n’ont pas produit un changement radical dans le domaine mais une transformation qui est, à notre sens, on ne peut plus significative. / Since the nineties, the spread of the internet and its devices has enabled many producers, distributors and moviegoers to change their attitudes towards movies. Our work has focused on demonstrating that the technical characteristics of the internet like the easy access, the hypertextuality and the interactivity can explain the changes noticed in the activities linked to the cinematographic field and the film itself.Although the reception of the internet by the public is extraordinarily fast, the market share of online film is still not really significant. Nevertheless, the growth of the digital generation and the simplification of techniques encourage us to believe in the potential of the internet.The distribution sector is the most influenced by the internet. The increased competition and the evolution of media chronology were inevitable. Despite the threat of easy piracy and the formation of the internal network of mega-media, it seems obvious that the internet will be a useful channel for independent films.Concerning the production area, all stages become participatory. The interaction between filmmakers and the audience and between the future audience and the works created new modes of movies as multi-stories movie, game movies, relay movies and movies with subsidiary texts.Glimpsed with the evocation of the technical features of the internet, the production and the distribution and the viewing of films are influenced by the internet in the sense of a popularization – which can result in public participation – and of immediacy. These two main effects were not synonym with a radical change in the area but, according to us, with a significant transformation in the cinematographic field.

The diploma thesis is focused on the research of new ways of distribution of capacities of lodging facilities. The theoretical part introduces the reader with to the travel and tourism market and defines the importance of online and mobile market. The analytical part first descibes a selected lodging facility Y and reaserches three particular new ways of distribution and companies that use them. The results of this research, the research of the companies that use the new ways of distribution and their sales volumes at the lodging facility Y all conclude to the fact that the sales potential of new ways of distribution is considerable and that using new ways of distribution of capacities is important to maximaze the revenue of lodging facilities.

A presente pesquisa de doutorado teve o objetivo de analisar o modelo socialista de produção agrícola coletiva implantado através das Cooperativas de Produção Agropecuárias (CPAs), tanto em Cuba, a partir do início da década de 1970, quanto pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), no Brasil, a partir de meados da década de 1980. Nas CPAs a lógica de vida e produção camponesa são transformadas para dar lugar ao trabalho agrícola na lógica socialista. O trabalho antes realizado pela família camponesa, visando a satisfação das suas necessidades, passa a ser realizado pelo trabalhador cooperado, visando o aumento da produção, produtividade e eficiência. A coletivização agrícola é decorrente de um debate histórico no interior do marxismo sobre a necessidade de transformações nas relações de produção e propriedade visando a superação do capitalismo. A perspectiva teórica que a fundamenta é a marxista-leninista, que vê o campesinato como classe em extinção no capitalismo, e sem lugar no socialismo. A principal tese que a sustenta é a superioridade da grande produção agrícola em detrimento da pequena produção camponesa. No Brasil, a pesquisa de campo foi realizada em assentamentos do MST do Estado do Pará, e em Cuba, no município de Vinhales, província de Pinar del Río. Uma contradição semelhante a ambos os casos é que a agricultura coletiva, como grande unidade produtiva, demanda investimentos e recursos permanentes, que nem sempre as cooperativas são capazes de arcar. Com isso há perda de autonomia sobre a produção e os resultados econômicos podem não ser os esperados. Em decorrência, tanto no MST, quanto em Cuba, há um movimento de reflexão sobre as contradições da produção agrícola coletiva, e um considerável retorno dos cooperados à condição camponesa, trazendo à tona novamente o debate sobre o papel do campesinato na construção de um mundo melhor e mais justo. / The doctoral research this aimed to analyze the socialist model of collective agricultural production implemented through the Agricultural Production Cooperatives (CPAs), both in Cuba, from the beginning of the 1970s, and by the Rural Workers Landless Movement ( MST) in Brazil since the mid-1980s CPAs In the logic of life and peasant production are transformed to make way for agricultural labor in the socialist logic. The work done before the peasant family in order to satisfy their needs, is now held by the cooperative worker, aimed at increasing production, productivity and efficiency. The agricultural collectivization is due to a historical debate within Marxism on the need for changes in production and property relations aimed at overcoming of capitalism. The theoretical perspective underlying it is the Marxist-Leninist, you see on the peasantry as a class endangered in capitalism, and no place in socialism. The main thesis that sustains it is the superiority of large agricultural production at the expense of small peasant production. In Brazil, the field survey was conducted in the state of Para MST settlements, and Cuba in the town of Vinales, Pinar del Río. A similar contradiction to both cases is that collective farming, as large manufacturing plant, investment demand and permanent resources that are not always cooperatives are able to afford. Thus, there is a loss of autonomy over production and economic results cannot be expected. As a result, both the MST, as in Cuba, there is a reflection movement on the contradictions of collective farming, and a considerable return of the cooperative to the peasant condition, bringing up again the debate on the role of the peasantry in building a world better and fairer.

This Master’s thesis has been elaborated on the basis of a real issue, which a company, which decided to procure it’s full time presence in the Austria’s market, is facing. The analysis of the present state, which proved the rationality of the decision, is followed by a theoretical fundament of this thesis, that lays the foundations of the specific proposal leading to reach the aim given by the company. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the core of the international trade and its brief history. The thesis is further focused on the areas of the international trade important for solving the given issue. The main areas are as follows: international trade legal regime, law of international trade, risks in the international trade, ways of penetration into a foreign market. Based on the knowledge attained in the theoretical part of this thesis, while applying them, I have come to the conclusion, that it would be best for the company to establish a branch office in the Austria. The conclusion is followed by a factual proposal of progress supplemented by a calculation of costs of establishing the branch office and calculation of operating costs for the first year. I am also proposing a strategy for legal relationships being concluded by a branch office and marketing strategy for the first year.

The aim of this thesis is the design of laboratory crusher of mineral raw materials. This work is focused on the research of possible types of machinery for crushing process, list of shredders available at domestic and foreign markets, selection of the principle of diminution of mineral resources, the choice of approach, suggestion of calculation of the chosen design, creating a 3D model and drawings, making the strength analysis for selected parts, risk analysis.

This diploma thesis deals with landscape as a way of seeing, its critique and its defense. The thesis will initially focus on the presentation of the critical concept of ways of seeing by English art critic and writer John Berger. On the basis of this, the thesis will move to the exploration of the critical concepts of landscape and landscape painting by British humanistic cultural geographer Denis E. Cosgrove and American visual theorist and philosopher W. J. T. Mitchell. Subsequently, it will also deal with the relationship of these concepts to the concept of landscape by English historian and art historian Simon Schama. Cosgrove and Mitchell both deal in a similar way with the critical reflection of the idea of landscape in terms of postmodern and postcolonial criticism. Both authors are influenced by Berger's concept and claim that our aesthetic perception of landscape is not a natural vision, but an acquired, historically created way of seeing. This way of seeing then raises a number of questions in relation to the traditional conception of landscape aesthetics and can lead to a rethinking of traditional concepts such as aesthetic attitude, psychical distance or the idea of disinterested pleasure. Opposite to it, the thesis intends to present an optimistic concept of landscape by Schama. The...

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