The thesis deals with function and structure of web applications, describes the individual technologies used in these applications. It also explains how to create for the purpose of high efficiency and easy development. The main part presents technologies to speed up the applications, explain their settings and properties. Finally, the technologies are thoroughly tested, evaluated benefits of use and recommended the application for future development.

This work applies to an electronic solution for administration of the company's library. On the basis of an analysis of the current access and its defects a list of qualitative and functional requests for application, which is consequently drafted and implemented, has been compiled. The final system has a form of web application, which is available to its users through Internet browser from an arbitrary device connected to the company's computer net (eventually Internet), including mobile phones etc. Thanks to the fact that the program is based exclusively on open-source technologies, there are no license fees of third parties connected with its setting or operation. The application foremost enables its users (mostly employees of a company) to accede the online book catalogue, search it using different criteria, acquire information about available books and make reservations of the required books to be lent. Librarians within the system administrate especially a book catalogue and reservations and borrows of the books. The program strongly diversifies with its functionality from solution for classic public libraries -- it is possible to register and administrate there the private books of employees, information about current borrow of the given book are available to all users, it is allowed to the employees to dispose the borrows between themselves, users are able to insert commentaries to the books etc. As a part of this work there is a source code of the application and users' manual containing except for description of functions the preview of screens of the system as well.

This thesis aids at comparing two frameworks based on Python and Ruby used for agile web development. Besides the basic description, history and philosophy of both Django and Ruby on Rails, all criteria used for their evaluation are laid down, described and put into wider context. In addition, the implementation of the MVC architecture in both frameworks is described along with the basic project structure and tools available.

This work deals with methodologies of software development, particularly web applications. Its main objective is to propose a methodology that helps ensure quality web development and prevents a number of frequently recurring problems. The first chapter deals with characteristics of current state and defines the need for process and discipline, the need for team development and the importance of appropriate tools. The second chapter describes the specifics of the web development. It defines the quality criteria in relation to web applications, particularly the aspects of accessibility, usability and security are concerned. It deals with web frameworks and the benefits and risks arising from their usage. It also outlines requirements for the chosen methodology for web development and describes types of projects to be applied to the methodology. The third chapter analyzes the suitability of the selected life cycle models and methodologies in software development for web applications. The life cycle models consider a model of "program and repair", the waterfall model and incremental model. It also deals with the assumptions of agile methodologies and their level of satisfaction for web development. For the analysis is used the methodology evaluation system METES with which is examined Rational Unified Process, Open Unified Process, Extreme Programming, Scrum and Feature Driven Development. The fourth chapter deals with the characteristic of Open Unified Process methodology. It describes the principles, features and development process. The main chapter deals with the proposal of methodology for web development. As the basis is chosen Open Unified Process methodology, whose elements are supplemented and adapted for web development. As the elements of the methodology are elaborated principles, practices, roles, work products, tasks, delivery process, manuals and guidelines and tools. Each element is adapted to fit the specific needs of web applications. In order to achieve greater control over the quality of web applications there are also included detailed checklists as an integral part of products which are aimed at preventing the most frequently occurring errors and problems. The chapter concludes with an overview of tools that have been validated in web development.

The aim of this work was to design and implement component framework for development of web applications written in PHP programming language. The design has been based on pros and cons analysis of component framework usage, existing framework solution comparison and analysis of drawbacks of these frameworks. End-user device independence is both the main requirement for this framework and also its greatest contribution to the field of web frameworks. To be able to generate different output for mobile and desktop devices and to keep the application logic at one place only, thus minimizing the amount of work required from the developer, it uses its own original implementation of Model-View-Controller architecture. The output is being generated by so called rendering objects associated with individual components. Applications based on this framework are purely event driven, thus having their code more readable and manageable. Framework tries to offer comfortable usage of web applications for mobile device users without forcing application developers to create additional versions of their applications.o tato zařízení.

Computers and similar units are taking a larger part in our lives and we expect ourwork tools to operate the same way the applications in our private units do. Qpick is awarehouse management software in the shape of a web application that is used onhandheld units with the operating system Android, and desktops with the operatingsystem Windows. The purpose of this thesis is to test and examine which well knowntechnical solutions can be used to solve specific problems in a web application.The study is a case study focusing on the software Qpick. To answer the thesis´ tworesearch questions, two Qpick users were interviewed and observed during a shift.Qpicks´ product owner and a Qpick technician were interviewed. The application wasexamined and underwent performance testing, before and after the implementation oftechnical solutions.The result proved that implementing a service worker is a solution to handle lack ofinternet access. Caching of resources is a solution to lower the load on the web serveras well as speeding up the application and making it more responsive. AJAX is asolution to keep the application up to date without having to update the wholeapplication, and not send or receive more information than necessary. localStorage isa solution to store data in the browser. / Tekniken blir en allt större del av vår vardag och vi förväntar oss att våraarbetsredskap ska fungera på samma sätt som applikationerna på våra privata enhetergör. Qpick är en lagerhanteringsmjukvara i form av en webapplikation som användspå handdatorer med operativsystem Android samt truckdatorer med operativsystemetWindows. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att bepröva välkända tekniska lösningarför att lösa specifika problem i en webapplikation.Studien är en fallstudie med inriktning på programmet Qpick, för att besvara studienstvå forskningsfrågor har två Qpick-användare intervjuats och observerats under ettarbetspass. Vidare har Qpicks produktägare samt en Qpick.tekniker intervjuats.Applikationen granskades och genomgick prestandatester både före och efterimplementation av tekniska lösningar.Resultatet visade att implementera en service worker är en lösning för att hanterabristande internetåtkomst, cachning av resurser är en lösning för att minska tryck påwebservern samt göra applikationen snabbare och mer responsiv. AJAX är en lösningför att hålla applikationen uppdaterad utan att behöva uppdatera hela sidans innehåll,och inte skicka och ta emot mer innehåll än det som faktiskt är nödvändigt.localStorage är en lösning för att lagra data i webbläsaren.

This paper delivers a comparative analysis of the performance of three of the NoSQL technologies in Web applications. These technologies are graph stores, key-value stores, and document stores. The study aims to assist developers and organizationsin picking the suitable NoSQL solution for their application. For this purpose, three identical e-book applications were developed. Each of these is connected to adatabase from the selected technologies to examine how they perform compared toeach other against various performance measures.

O advento da tecnologia da Internet, juntamente com a World Wide Web, popularizaram e permitiram uma grande expansão e demanda por aplicações web. Por executarem em um ambiete heterogêneo e complexo, as aplicações web apresentam várias características que as diferenciam dos sistemas tradicionais. As particularidades dessas aplicações tornam o fator qualidade essencial para o sucesso dessas aplicações. Alguns requisitos de qualidade, como usabilidade, confiabilidade, interoperabilidade e segurança devem, então, ser validados. Para assegurar a qualidade desejada, são necessárias executar as atividades de Verificação, Validação e Teste (VV&T). Dentre elas, as mais utilizadas são as atividades de teste. Os critérios, estratégias e ferramentas de teste precisam ser identificados e avaliados para se estabelecer uma relação entre os custos e benefícios entre elas, a fim de guiar a escolha de cada uma durante os testes de aplicações web. A realização de estudos experimentais para realizar essa análise beneficia tanto a academia, nas atividades de ensino e pesquisa, como a indústria, nas atividades de seleção e aplicação de critérios, estratégias e ferramentas de teste de aplicações web. Para que os resultados obtidos estejam acessíveis, é proposto o desenvolvimento de um portal de conhecimento que disponibilize de maneira sistemática o conhecimento obtido sobre critérios, estratégias e ferramentas de teste de aplicações web. Esse portal tem como objetivo oferecer às organizações um ambiente compartilhado de conhecimento, a fim de proporcionar a existência de um ciclo de criação, troca, retenção e reuso do conhecimento / The development of internet technology, along with the World Wide Web, made popular and allowed a demand boom and expansion of web applications. Web applications present some characteristics that differentiate them from the traditional systems, since they execute in a heterogeneous and complex environment. The particularities of these applications demand quality as an essential factor for success. Is this way, quality requirements, like usability, reliability, interoperability and security must be validated. To assure the desired quality, it\'s necessary to execute the activities of Verification, Validation and Test (VV&T), where the most used are the testing activities. The testing criteria, strategies and tools need to be identified and evaluated to establish a relation between the costs and benefits, in order to guide the choice of each one during the tests of web applications. The carrying out of experimental studies benefits the academy, in the activities of education and research, and the industry, in the activities of selection and application of criteria, strategies and tools of testing web applications. Moreover, these results need to be accessible to make available information to the interest people. This work presents the development of a knowledge portal, to facilitate knowledge sharing in a systematic way, with information of test criteria, strategies and tools for validating web applications. This portal intends to offer to the organizations and academic institutions a shared environment of web application test knowledge, in order to constitute a knowledge creation, change, retention and reuse cycle

Nos últimos anos, a área de educação vem passando por mudanças importantes em relação à introdução das tecnologias da informação no processo de ensino/aprendizagem. Como resultado dessas mudanças e dos esforços para aproveitar os benefícios dessas tecnologias, diversos sistemas (ou ambientes virtuais) de apoio à educação foram desenvolvidos. Apesar do vasto conjunto de ferramentas oferecidas por esses ambientes, muitos usuários ainda optam pelo desenvolvimento de suas próprias aplicações de apoio à educação. Isso acontece em função da diversidade das técnicas de ensino e avaliação existentes entre diferentes professores. Devido ao fato dos ambientes educacionais tradicionais não serem projetados para oferecer muitas possibilidades de adaptação e extensão, principalmente em termos de funcionalidades, os usuários são desmotivados a utilizar esses sistemas e acabam criando suas próprias aplicações. Como uma alternativa para essa falta de flexibilidade, nesta tese, um framework modular baseado em componentes (WebMODE - Web MOdular DEvelopment) foi proposto para o desenvolvimento de aplicações Web mais adaptáveis e extensíveis (em especial as aplicações de apoio à educação). Além disso, também foi proposto um processo de software para a instanciação de aplicações sobre esse framework. Tal processo enfatiza as atividades de especificação dos módulos, que fazem parte dessas aplicações, de forma independente da tecnologia que será utilizada na sua implementação. Os pontos principais deste framework são o uso de padrões de projeto, como o MVC (Model View Controller) e o uso de sistemas modulares e baseados em componentes no desenvolvimento de aplicações Web que são compostas de módulos com funcionalidades configuráveis. O WebMODE foi projetado como um framework conceitual e, posteriormente, implementado e avaliado utilizando a tecnologia J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition) / In the last few years, education has been going through important changes related to the introduction of information technology in the learning process. As a result of these changes and of efforts to take advantage of the benefits provided by this technology, many systems (or virtual environments) for supporting the learning process have been developed. However, despite the great number of tools offered by those systems, many users still prefer to develop their own tools. This happens because there is a lot of diversity in teaching and evaluation techniques among different teachers and traditional learning systems are not designed to adapt to this diversity. They do not offer many possibilities for functionality adaptation and extension. This makes users unmotivated to use them and forces them to write their own applications. As an alternative to this flexibility problem, a modular, component-based framework (WebMODE - Web MOdular DEvelopment) was proposed for the development of more adaptable and extensible Web applications, especially for web-based learning systems. In addition, a software process for instantiating software applications using this framework was also proposed. This software process emphasizes the specification of the modules that form these software applications in a format independent of the technology used for their implementation. The main features of this framework are the use of design patterns, such as MVC (Model View Controller), and the use of concepts from modular and component-based systems for the development of web applications composed by modules with configurable functionalities. The WebMODE was designed as a conceptual framework and later implemented and evaluated using the J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition) technology

Les applications Web sont très populaires et l'utilisation de certaines d'entre elles (p. ex. Facebook, Google) fait de plus en plus partie de nos vies. Les développeurs sont impatients de créer diverses applications Web pour répondre à la demande croissante des gens. Pour construire une application Web, les développeurs doivent connaître quelques technologies de programmation de base. De plus, ils préfèrent utiliser certains composants tiers (tels que les bibliothèques côté serveur, côté client, services REST) dans les applications web. En incluant ces composants, ils pourraient bénéficier de la maintenabilité, de la réutilisabilité, de la lisibilité et de l'efficacité. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d'aider les développeurs à utiliser des composants tiers lorsqu'ils créent des applications web. Nous présentons trois obstacles lorsque les développeurs utilisent les composants tiers: Quelles sont les meilleures bibliothèques JavaScript à utiliser? Comment obtenir les spécifications standard des services REST? Comment s'adapter aux changements de données des services REST? C'est pourquoi nous présentons trois approches pour résoudre ces problèmes. Ces approches ont été validées par plusieurs études de cas et données industrielles. Nous décrivons certains travaux futurs visant à améliorer nos solutions et certains problèmes de recherche que nos approches peuvent cibler. / Web applications are highly popular and using some of them (e.g., Facebook, Google) is becoming part of our lives. Developers are eager to create various web applications to meet people's increasing demands. To build a web application, developers need to know some basic programming technologies. Moreover, they prefer to use some third-party components (such as server-side libraries, client-side libraries, REST services) in the web applications. By including those components, they could benefit from maintainability, reusability, readability, and efficiency. In this thesis, we propose to help developers to use third-party components when they create web applications. We present three impediments when developers using the third-party components: What are the best JavaScript libraries to use? How to get the standard specifications of REST services? How to adapt to the data changes of REST services? As such, we present three approaches to solve these problems. Those approaches have been validated through several case studies and industrial data. We describe some future work to improve our solutions, and some research problems that our approaches can target.