nÃo hà / O presente trabalho tem como eixo condutor de discussÃo o perfil e as funÃÃes do coordenador de cursos de graduaÃÃo em InstituiÃÃes de Ensino Superior privada cujo objetivo central à compreender a correlaÃÃo que existe entre a formaÃÃo e a atuaÃÃo de tais coordenadores tomando como parÃmetro de anÃlise algumas IES privadas de Fortaleza. A proposta da pesquisa emergiu a partir da nossa experiÃncia, de mais de dez anos, atuando na coordenaÃÃo de cursos de graduaÃÃo de InstituiÃÃo de Ensino Superior Privada. Durante essa prÃtica pudemos perceber que as mudanÃas nas Ãltimas dÃcadas, inclusive no setor educacional, provocaram uma necessidade de se buscar profissionais com novos perfis de formaÃÃo capazes de atender Ãs demandas sÃcio-educacionais. No entanto, o que se percebe, em relaÃÃo ao coordenador de curso, à que hà uma acentuada carÃncia no que diz respeito ao oferecimento de uma formaÃÃo acadÃmica dando ao profissional desta Ãrea um suporte teÃrico que lhe garanta eficiÃncia e funcionalidade nas suas atividades. Fundamentando-se nessa realidade lanÃamos a seguinte pergunta: apenas a prÃtica à suficiente para o bom desempenho do coordenador de curso no exercÃcio de suas funÃÃes ou à necessÃria uma formaÃÃo a priori? Para fundamentarmos as nossas consideraÃÃes tomamos como base teÃrica central o pensamento de Max Weber referente à relaÃÃo entre o tipo ideal e o real, acompanhado das posiÃÃes de Tragtenber e do Buarque de Holanda. Para Weber a realidade à cheia de peculiaridades e o cientista social toma como objeto apenas um fragmento finito dessa realidade, mas a resposta aos problemas especÃficos encontra-se na compreensÃo histÃrica de uma determinada objetividade na elaboraÃÃo dos tipos ideais atravÃs dos quais se busca tornar compreensÃvel a natureza particular de determinados fenÃmenos. Aqui se estabelece a anÃlise das relaÃÃes causais tendo como critÃrio determinados valores, tanto do pesquisador como do objeto pesquisado. Trazendo esse pensamento de Weber para o nosso objeto de estudo podemos falar da relaÃÃo entre o tipo ideal do coordenador de curso e a fenomÃnica com que se apresenta na realidade prÃtica. Como recurso metodolÃgico, optamos por realizar uma pesquisa documental para construir um perfil ideal desse profissional a partir dos seguintes dados: os currÃculos Lattes de 28 coordenadores de cursos de trÃs IES e a aplicaÃÃo de questionÃrios com oito coordenadores, nos quais destacamos as caracterÃsticas e as aÃÃes do coordenador de curso, como se tornaram coordenadores, a preparaÃÃo para tal atuaÃÃo e as dificuldades encontradas nas suas prÃticas. Os resultados comprovaram os nossos pressupostos, principalmente aquele relativo à ausÃncia e à necessidade de uma formaÃÃo especÃfica do coordenador de curso para o exercÃcio das suas funÃÃes. Tal formaÃÃo poderà proporcionar nÃo somente uma melhor atuaÃÃo do coordenador de curso, mas tambÃm a otimizaÃÃo do trabalho acadÃmico como um todo, favorecendo Ãs IES e, acima de tudo, aos alunos que deveriam ser a pedra angular do processo educativo. / The current study is the guiding thread of discussion and profile functions coordinator of graduate programs in higher education institutions whose private main objective is to understand the correlation between the formation and the performance of Engineers such as taking a parameter for analysis of some private HEIs Fortaleza. The research proposal has emerged from our experience of over ten years, working in coordination of undergraduate courses in Private Higher Education Institution. During this practice we realized that the changes in recent decades, including in the education sector have created a need to seek professionals with new training profiles able to meet the social and educational demands. However, what is perceived in relation to the course coordinator is that there is a marked deficiency with respect to the offering of an academic professional training giving this area a theoretical support which guarantees efficiency and functionality in their activities. Building upon this reality launched the following question: just practice is sufficient for good performance of the course coordinator in the performance of his duties or training is required a priori? To substantiate our considerations we take as a central theoretical foundation the thought of Max Weber concerning the relationship between the ideal and the real kind, together with positions and Tragtenber Buarque de Holanda. For Weber the reality is full of quirks and the social scientist has as its object only a finite fragment of this reality, but the response to the specific problems lies in the historical understanding of a certain objectivity in drafting the ideal types through which it seeks to make understandable the particular nature of certain phenomena. Here lies the analysis of causal relationships tended as certain values of both the researcher and the researched object. Bringing this thought from Weber to our subject we can talk about the relationship between the ideal type of the course coordinator and the phenomenal that is presented in practical reality. As a methodological approach, we decided to conduct documentary research to build an ideal profile of a trader from the following data: the Lattes curricula of 28 coordinators three courses HEIs and questionnaires with eight engineers, in which we highlight the characteristics and shares of the course coordinator, as they became engineers, preparation for such action and the difficulties encountered in their practices. The results confirmed our assumptions, especially which is concerning the absence and the need for a specific training course coordinator for the exercise of their functions. Such training can not only provide better performance of the course coordinator, but also the optimization of academic work as a whole, favoring the HEIs and, above all, students should be the cornerstone of the educational process.

The phenomenon of state dysfunction has, over the last two decades, become a prominent empirical and scholarly concern internationally and, more recently, domestically. This study endeavours to extend and improve the understanding of dysfunctional states in the scientific domain – in the developing world in general, as well as the South African context in particular. Given the dearth of conceptual literature in the field of dysfunctional states, the first part of this study concerns the pursuit of a novel conceptualisation of state dysfunction, premised upon the Weberian state as a comprehensive point of departure. Subsequently, meta-theoretical, theoretical, applicational and operational frameworks are developed through which this concept may be integrated by using a scientific method and ultimately studied empirically in pursuit of valid and reliable knowledge pertaining to the phenomenon. The outcome of the above-mentioned process is a multi-criteria operational framework that enables evaluation and analysis with the purpose of determining the approximation to – and extent of – state dysfunction in a given empirical context. Accordingly, the second part of this study concerns the evaluation and analysis of the South African state. The outcome of this process is an account of South African state dysfunction that is at once comprehensive and thorough. / PhD (Political Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The phenomenon of state dysfunction has, over the last two decades, become a prominent empirical and scholarly concern internationally and, more recently, domestically. This study endeavours to extend and improve the understanding of dysfunctional states in the scientific domain – in the developing world in general, as well as the South African context in particular. Given the dearth of conceptual literature in the field of dysfunctional states, the first part of this study concerns the pursuit of a novel conceptualisation of state dysfunction, premised upon the Weberian state as a comprehensive point of departure. Subsequently, meta-theoretical, theoretical, applicational and operational frameworks are developed through which this concept may be integrated by using a scientific method and ultimately studied empirically in pursuit of valid and reliable knowledge pertaining to the phenomenon. The outcome of the above-mentioned process is a multi-criteria operational framework that enables evaluation and analysis with the purpose of determining the approximation to – and extent of – state dysfunction in a given empirical context. Accordingly, the second part of this study concerns the evaluation and analysis of the South African state. The outcome of this process is an account of South African state dysfunction that is at once comprehensive and thorough. / PhD (Political Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

While a great deal of historical literature has concentrated on the effects of industrialization on town development, most of the accounts relate to the introduction of industrialization into an established town. This study attempts to analyze, in sociological terms, the effects of industrialization (in this case, the emergence of the railroad) on the social structure of Denison, Texas which was created by industrialization. It is an attempt to combine Marxian and Weberian theory to produce a multi-dimensional theory that can explain town development without the usual economic bias as evident in most contemporary theory. This study proceeds on the assumption that the social order of a newly formed community is not based solely on economic factors. While economic considerations were important for the town of the study, social stability of the town was maintained by other “non-economic” elements. The purpose of the study is to construct a composite theory that can be utilized to analyze town development. The thrust is not the creation of new theory, rather it attempts to combine existing “classical” theories to present a balanced and, to an extent, “objective” explanation of community development. Adding the social aspects of Weber's theory to Marx's theory results in a theory that limits the economic bias associated with pure Marxian theory.

The carp Cyprinus carpio has a two-chambered swimbladder and excellent hearing. I explored the hypothesis that the anterior chamber, which connects to Weberian ossicles, is adapted for hearing by testing both chambers for material properties. I also determined displacement and auditory responses to mechanical strikes. Wall stress is higher in the posterior, strain in the anterior and modulus lower in the anterior chamber. Strikes increase pressure followed by a variable rebound that rapidly decays. Displacement and sound amplitude increase with hammer force, and amplitude is similar in both chambers for within chamber strikes but lower across chambers. Normalized for equivalent displacement, the anterior chamber produces a more intense sound. Stiffness and damping are greater for the anterior chamber, but sound spectra are similar. More intense sound production per unit of movement, greater damping and higher stiffness for the anterior chamber should all contribute to high-frequency auditory sensitivity.

L’enjeu de cette thèse est de mettre en lumière les transformations institutionnelles observables en Amérique latine à l’aune de la gestion des politiques d’inclusion digitale. Instaurés par certains pays de la région au milieu des années 2000, ces programmes socio-éducatifs s’inspirent de l’initiative promue par la fondation philanthropique nord-américaine One Laptop Per Child (OLPC). Ces politiques publiques ont pour double caractéristique d’être relativement coûteuses en termes financiers et d’être, sur le plan logistique, très contraignantes à administrer. Aussi, selon notre postulat de départ, elles nous permettent non seulement d’illustrer le « retour de l’Etat » en matière d’investissement social, mais encore d’apprécier son efficacité à l’heure de mettre en œuvre des initiatives présentées comme révolutionnaires. D’après notre principale hypothèse, leur concrétisation a été conditionnée par la capacité des pouvoirs publics à innover en matière de gestion administrative. La plus-value académique de ce travail repose sur le concept d’Etat néo-wébérien, lequel se situe à mi-chemin entre le modèle bureaucratique classique et le New Public Management. Nous soutenons que les programmes d’inclusion digitale étudiées (plan Ceibal en Uruguay, plan Conectar Igualdad en Argentine, plan Una Computadora por Niño au Pérou, plan OLPC au Paraguay) ont été couronnés de succès dans les deux pays du Bassin de la Plata (Argentine et Uruguay) qui ont su emprunter le plus aux caractéristiques de cette conception, certes idéal-typique, mais néanmoins éclairante à l’heure d’appréhender la réalité des mutations contemporaines de l’Etat en Amérique latine. / Our ambition is to bring to light the institutional transformations that derive in Latin America from the implementation of digital inclusion policies. These social and educational programs have taken inspiration from the project of the One Laptop Per Child foundation and they have been instituted in some South-American countries during the last decade. We consider that these public policies present two interesting characteristics. On the one hand, being very costly from a financial perspective, they illustrate the “return of the state” in terms of social investment. On the other hand, because they are logistically complex to run, they can be seen as examples of a new and effective policy-making process. Our main hypothesis is that their successful implementation has been triggered by the capacity of public authorities to innovate in the field of administrative management. The academic interest of our dissertation rests on the concept of Neo-weberian State. It designs a new institutional configuration, which borrows some properties from two administrative paradigms: the bureaucratic model of Weber and the New Public Management. Taking into consideration four digital inclusion policies, we argue that the successful implementation of two of them (the programs Ceibal in Uruguay and Conectar Igualdad in Argentina) can be explained by the use of a neo-weberian form of political and administrative management. In our opinion, although it remains an ideal type, the concept of “Neo-Weberian State” is considerably useful for whoever analyses the transformations of public institutions in Latin America.

No description available.

Acoustically, teleost swimbladders have been considered resonant underwater bubbles. Contrary results indicating that bladders are tuned less sharply than such a bubble have been explained by damping of surrounding fish tissue. Recent findings in toadfish and weakfish, however, suggest that the bladder is a highly damped structure and that the frequency of the fish sounds is deternlined as a forced response to sonic muscle movement rather than by resonance of the bladder. In this study I examined acoustics and material properties of swimbladders in Tilapia (an auditory generalist) and the channel catfish (an auditory specialist). The swimbladder was struck with a piezoelectric impact hammer. Amplitude and timing characteristics of bladder sound and displacement were compared for strikes of different amplitudes. Most of the first cycle of sound occurs during swimbladder compression, indicating that the bladder rapidly contracts and expands as force increases during the strike. Harder hits are shorter in duration generate a similar displacement duration with an increasing number of shorter cycles and a 12-15 dB increase in sound amplitude. The frequency spectrum is broad, and the dominant frequency is driven by the strike and not the natural frequency of the bladder. The displacement waveform varies between species catfish exhibit a greater structural stiffness and lower amplitude movement and higher sound amplitude for an equivalent hammer strike. Material properties (peak load, stress, strain, Young's modulus), fiber direction (catfish only), and structural stiffiless of bladders exhibit various patterns suggesting that the bladder walls are not uniform structures. Additionally thickness varies regionally. Notably Young's modulus in both species is similar despite large difference in stress and strain. The modulus of catfish bladder increased 1600-fold when dried. Finally the bladder of both species had a high water content averaging about 70%. These data suggest that viscous damping caused by water in the bladder wall is a major factor responsible for acoustic properties of the teleost swimbladder.

Ever since the middle of the twentieth century the public sector has expanded greatly with an increasing number of civil servants. Politicians however keep getting fewer and fewer with less capability of monitoring said public sector. This creates a tension between democracy and bureaucracy that begs the question how society should adjust to these changes. How should the relationship between politicians and public servants be managed and how should responsibilities be divided between them? Too much responsibility given to public servants runs the risk of lowering chances of public transparency and accountability. Too much responsibility given to politicians may however decrease the efficiency and capability of tend-ing to the citizen’s needs in the public sector. Regardless of how the issue is approached there needs to be a formal division of responsibilities. A lack of or unclear division of responsibility will decrease citizen’s possibility of holding politicians and public officials accountable. It also helps clarify to what extent crossing the boundaries between politics and bureaucracy is allowed. A prime example of a public servant that is caught in between the opposite sides of politics and bureaucracy are city managers, who lead the municipalities along with local politicians. They serve as illustrations of how responsibility may be divided and what roles are expected of leading public servants. To study this, instructions for city managers has been used as material. The method for this study has been quantitative content analysis. The results show that city managers firstly are expected to act as "managers" inspired by New Public Management. At the same time to a rather large extent they are expected to act as "controllers", a neutral follower of political will like in traditional Weberian models for management of the public sector. This creates a contrast between an independent and pro- active city manager that prioritizes efficiency with an obedient and passive manager that prioritizes political control. Both internal administrative and political arenas become relevant, while surrounding arenas and contact with external parties are less prioritized. Political major-ities and the size of a municipality appear to have none or marginal effects on what role is preferred and how responsibility is divided.

In Labeo umbratus only the first three anterior vertebrae undergo any modification. These vertebrae are not completely anchylosed with each other and are closely associated with the four Weberian ossicles. Movement is however restricted between these vertebrae since this is essential for the efficient functioning of the Weberian ossicles. The first vertebra is well developed the absence of a spinous process and neural arch in the first vertebra may perhaps be explained by the findings of some workers who derive the claustrum from the former and the scaphium from the latter. A small muscle has its origin on the claustrum and its insertion in the angle formed by the dorsal and medial processes of the scaphium. A second muscle originates in the pit-like excavation of the first vertebra and is inserted on the ventral process of the scaphium. The intercalarium possesses horizontal, articular and ascending processes; a portion of the horizontal process being imbedded in the interossicular ligament. In Labeo umbratus it is unlikely that the intercalarium represents (if it does so at all) the entire neural arch of the second vertebra. From a morphological point of view it seems likely that the intercalarium may function as a lever. A transversely situated ductus endolymphaticus joins the two sacculi to each other. The sagitta, in the region of the ductus endolymphaticus has a long, lateral "wing-like" process which projects into the cavity of the sacculus. The sacculus anilagena are innervated by the n. saccularis and the n. lagenaris respectively. The ductus endolymphaticus is prolonged posteriorly into a median unpaired sinus endolymphaticus. Although the only serious objection to Weber's theory is the fact that there could be no differential action of the two ears, the basic idea seems valid. Sagemehl's theory cannot be accepted. It seems likely that the Weberian ossicles are necessary structures for audition and to the hydrostatia function of the air-bladder.