Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-24. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:25:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-10973.pdf: 395249 bytes, checksum: cdc42e8fccd324f5712392d141fe14b2 (MD5) / Os objetivos do presente estudo foram de determinar e comparar as respostas de variáveis fisiológicas anaeróbias láticas e aláticas em futebolistas de diferentes categorias. Foram voluntários deste estudo 21 jogadores profissionais de futebol de campo que atuaram na segunda divisão do campeonato paulista do ano de 2006, com idade de 22,08 ± 8,28 anos; peso corporal de 76,12 ± 9,8 Kg; estatura de 179,04 ± 7,02 cm e 12,21 ± 3,67 % de gordura corporal; e 16 jogadores da categoria infanto-juvenil (Ginf) com idade de 14,9 ± 0,6 anos; peso corporal de 57,8 ± 6,2 Kg; estatura de 172,1 ± 7,1cm e 13,0 ± 2,5 % de gordura corporal. Os profissionais foram subdivididos em dois grupos como se segue; grupo de atacantes e zagueiros, (Ga-z n = 9), e grupo de laterais e meio campistas, (Gl-mc n = 12). Os atletas foram avaliados antropometricamente, e submetidos a duas avaliações separadas entre si por um período de três dias, composta por testes de saltos verticais (“Ergo Jump”, Lasa Informática), “squat jump” (SJ) e “countermovement jump” (CMJ), e teste de “Wingate” (TW) em cicloergômetro (BIOTEC 2100, CEFISE) para a determinação da potência pico (PP), potência média (PM) e índice de fadiga (IF). A comparação entre os resultados foi realizada pelo “Teste t de Student” e pela “ANOVA”, e as correlações foram determinadas pelo coeficiente de correlação de “Pearson e Spearman”, sendo adotado o nível de significância de p 0,05. Os resultados obtidos no CMJ foram significantemente maiores (p 0,02) que os resultados obtidos no SJ para Ga-z, Gl-mc e Ginf. Não foram encontradas diferenças significantes (p 0,05) entre Ga-z e Gl-mc para o SJ e CMJ. Para o SJ determinaram-se diferenças significantes (p 0,01) entre Gl-mc e Ginf e para o CMJ entre Ga-z e Ginf (p 0,05), e entre Gl-mc e Ginf (p 0,01). No TW tanto a PP como a PM apresentaram diferenças significantes (p 0,05) entre os profissionais (Ga-z, Gl-mc) e Ginf. Foram determinadas correlações significantes (p 0,05): para Ga-z entre CMJ e PP (r = 0,71); para Gl-mc entre SJ e PP (r = 0,74), entre CMJ e PP (r = 0,71), e para Ginf entre SJ e PP (r = 0,54), entre SJ e PM (r = 0,63). Apesar das limitações, concluímos que os dois protocolos utilizados em nosso experimento para a identificação de componentes relacionados à potência anaeróbia, “Wingate Test” e o teste pliométrico “Jump Test” apresentaram correlação entre os resultados indicando serem bons preditores do desempenho anaeróbio. Em nosso estudo o teste de “Wingate” demonstrou sensibilidade para determinar diferenças na PP e PM entre os jogadores profissionais e os infanto-juvenis. Entretanto, não foi possível identificar diferenças entre os jogadores profissionais Ga-z e Gl-mc. / The objectives of this work were to assess and compare the responses of physiological variables in anaerobic lactic and no lactic in footballers of different categories. There were 21 volunteers footballers from this study who acted in the second division of Sao Paulo state championship in 2006, they are 22.08 years old ± 8.28 years; bodyweight of 76.12 ± 9.8 kg; stature of 179.04 ± 7.02 cm and 12.21 ± 3.67% of body fat, and 16 players of the infant-juvenile category (Ginf) who are 14.9 ± 0.6 years; weight body of 57.8 ± 6.2 kg, height of 172.1 ± 7.1 cm and 13.0 ± 2.5% of body fat. The professionals were divided into two groups as follows; a group of attackers and backs (Ga-z = 9) and the group of lateral and middle field, (Gl-mc n = 12). The athletes were evaluated anthropometrically and submitted to two separate evaluations among themselves for a period of three days, composed of vertical jump tests ( "Ergo Jump", Lasa Technology), "squat jump” (SJ) and “countermovement jump"(CMJ ), and test of "Wingate" (TW) in cycle (BIOTEC 2100, CEFISE) for determining the peak power (PP), average power (PM) index and fatigue (IF). The comparison between the results was conducted by the “Test T of Student” and the "ANOVA ", and the correlations were determined by the correlation coefficient," Pearson and Spearman ", and were adopted the significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The results in CMJ were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.02) than the results achieved in SJ for Ga-z, Gl-mc and Ginf. There were no significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between Ga-z and G1- mc for SJ and the CMJ. For SJ led it had significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) between G1-mc and Ginf and the CMJ between Ga-z and Ginf (p ≤ 0.05), and between Gl-mc and Ginf (p ≤ 0.01). In TW both the PP and the PM showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among professionals (Ga-z, Gl-mc) and Ginf. There were some significant (p ≤ 0.05) among professionals (Ga-z, Gl-mc) and Ginf. It was determined significant correlations (p ≤ 0.05: to Ga-z between CMJ and PP (r = 0.71); for Gl-mc between SJ and PP (r = 0.74) between CMJ and PP (r = 0.71), and for Ginf between SJ and PP (r = 0.54) between SJ and PM (r = 0.63). Despite the limitations, we concluded that the two protocols used in our experiment for the identification of components related to anaerobic power, "Wingate Test" and the test called "Jump Test" shows correlation between the results indicating that both they are good predictors of anaerobic performance. In our study the test of "Winaget" demonstrated sensitivity to determine the differences between the PP and PM in the professional players and the children and young people. Meanwhile, it was not possible to identify differences between the professional players Ga-z and Gl-mc. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hos vältränade om det fanns något samband mellan maximal styrka, effektutveckling och snabbhet, dvs tester som till stor del speglar anaerob kapacitet. Syftet var också att undersöka om det här fanns någon skillnad och/eller likhet mellan kvinnor och män. (1) Hur ser det eventuella sambandet ut mellan effektutveckling och maximal styrka? (2) Hur ser det eventuella sambandet ut mellan effektutveckling och snabbhet? (3) Hur ser det eventuella sambandet ut mellan maximal styrka och snabbhet? (4) Hur ser det eventuella sambandet ut, på ovanstående frågeställningar, hos kvinnor och män? Metod: Metoden var kvantitativ och laborativ, utformad för att undersöka det eventuella sambandet mellan snabbhet, maximal styrka och effektutveckling – Detta testades genom tre olika fysiologiska tester. Testerna genomfördes på en grupp bestående av 10 män (ålder 24,4±2,8 år, kroppsvikt 78,9±9,7 kg och längd 175,6±7,5 cm) och 10 kvinnor (ålder 24,1±1,7 år, kroppsvikt 65±8,0 kg och längd 167±5,7 cm) som var vältränade men hade olika idrottsbakgrund. Målet var att, utifrån den undersökta gruppen, kunna göra uttalanden om en större population. Testerna som genomfördes var 1 RM knäböj (maximal styrka), sprint 5 m, 10 m och 30 m (snabbhet) samt ett Wingate-test (effektutveckling). Med hjälp av statistikprogrammet Statistica 12.0 och beräkningsmetoden Pearson korrelationskoefficient, har rådata från testerna beräknats för att redovisa det eventuella sambandet. Resultat: Resultatet visade att det fanns, antingen ett medelstarkt samband eller ett starkt samband mellan alla tre testerna, för hela gruppen. Majoriteten av testerna visade ett starkt samband, endast mellan effektutveckling och snabbhet 5 m och 30 m var det ett medelstarkt samband, inga svaga samband hittades. De starkaste sambanden som hittades, för hela gruppen, var mellan effektutveckling och maximal styrka (r 0,90 i absoluta tal och r 0,78 i relativa tal). Män hade, totalt sett, många fler starka samband mellan de olika testerna än kvinnor, kvinnor hade endast ett enda starkt samband, vilket var mellan effektutveckling och maximal styrka. Män å andra sidan hade, med majoritet (8 av 14), ett starkt samband mellan de olika testerna, de starkaste sambanden hittades mellan effektutveckling och övriga tester. Slutsats: Det fanns ett tydligt samband mellan de olika anaeroba kapaciteterna, för hela gruppen. När resultatet redovisas för kvinnor och män enskilt, så var slutsatsen inte densamma – Kvinnor visade både svagare och färre förekommande samband mellan alla kapaciteter än män. / <p>Ämneslärarprogrammet, Specialidrott</p>

Объект исследования – процесс контроля за развитием скоростно-силовых способностей спортсменов различных половозрастных групп. Предмет исследования – возрастная динамика показателей Вингейт-теста спортсменов различного пола и возраста. Цель исследования – определить возрастную динамику показателей Вингейт-теста спортсменов различных половозрастных групп. В результате исследования были изучены особенности скоростно-силовых способностей и их значимость в спортивной деятельности, в результате проведенного тестирования выявлены нормативные показатели развития скоростно-силовых способностей спортсменов разного пола и возраста. Научная новизна исследования: впервые выявлены нормативные значения показателей Вингейт-теста и их динамика для разных половозрастных групп спортсменов: показатели МАМ, скоростной выносливости, а также время достижения пика мощности. Выявлены высокие и недостаточные значения показателей скоростно-силовых способностей для некоторых видов спорта. Практическая значимость работы: определены рекомендованные нормативные показатели Вингейт-теста для спортсменов разных половых и возрастных групп, а также высоких и недостаточных показателей скоростно-силовых способностей спортсменов разных видов спорта. / Study object – control of speed-power abilities of athletes of various age-gender groups. Study subject – age dynamics of Wingate test indicators in athletes of different age and gender. The aim of the proposed research was to determine age dynamics of Wingate-test indicators in athletes of different age-gender groups. Peculiarities of speed-power abilities were studied, as well as its significance in sports practice. We found the normal values of speed-power abilities development in athletes in reference to age and gender. Scientific value: norms of Wingate test parameters (peak power, speed-power endurance and time to peak power attainment) and their dynamics in age-gender groups were found. High and insufficient values of this parameters were determined for some kinds of sports. Practical value: we determined the recommended norms of Wingate test indicators for athletes of different age and gender groups, as well as high and insufficient values of speed-power abilities indicators for athletes from different kinds of sports.

Bakgrund: För en del idrottare är det viktigt att bibehålla en hög effektutveckling och anaerob kapacitet under en hel tävling. Ibland tillåts endast någon timmes återhämtning mellan prestationer, och nutritionsmässiga strategier, däribland intag av kolhydrater blir relevant för att underlätta återhämtningsprocessen. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka effekten av kolhydratsintag under 1h återhämtning från kortvarig högintensiv träning på efterföljande anaerob prestationsförmåga. Metod: Åtta vältränade kvinnor och män utförde ett countermovement jump (CMJ) följt av 5 varv av Wingate cykeltest. Deltagare fick därefter vila i 1 timme och intog under tiden antingen 1.2g/kg kolhydrater (maltodextrin) eller placebo. Efter återhämtningen utförde deltagarna ett CMJ följt av 1 varv Wingate cykeltest. Testvärden som mättes var hopphöjd (CMJ), min power, max power, average power samt fatique index (Wingate). Resultat: Resultatet från två-vägs ANOVA visade att varken tid eller supplementering hade någon signifikant effekt på prestation gällande någon av de uppmätta variablerna. Det var ingen signifikant skillnad mellan det första varvet Wingate före återhämtning jämfört med Wingate efter återhämtning, samma gäller CMJ. Båda grupper återhämtade sin ursprungliga prestationsförmåga efter 1h återhämtning, vare sig de intog kolhydrater eller inte. / Background: For some athletes it is important to maintain a high level of power output and anaerobic capacity throughout an entire compentition. Some situations only allow a few hours of recovery between performances, and nutritional strategies, including carbohydrate intake become relevant to facilitate the recovery process. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of carbohydrate intake during 1 hour of recovery from short-term high intensity exercise on subsequent anaerobic performance. Method: Eight well-trained women and men performed a countermovement jump (CMJ) followed by 5 laps of Wingate cycling test. Participants were then allowed to rest for 1 hour while consuming either 1,2g/kg carbohydrates (maltodextrin) or placebo. After recovery, participants performed a CMJ followed by one lap of Wingate cycling test. The testvalues that were measured were jump height (CMJ), min power, max power, average power and fatigue index (Wingate). Result: Results from the two-way ANOVA showed that neither time nor supplementation had any significant effect on subsequent performance regarding any of the measured variables. There were no significant difference between Wingate lap 1 pre recovery and Wingate post recovery, same for CMJ. Both groups regained their original performance after 1h of recovery, wether intake of carbohydrate or not.

Title: Retrospective evaluation of results Wingate test in their junior national U18 Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to compare condition levels according to the Wingate test and game results achieved in individual MSJ U18 and determine the degree of functional dependence Wingate anaerobic test parameters according to the U18 category, with a later application of the elite players in the world competitions. Methods: In this thesis has been used retrospective collection of quantitative data from sources ČSLH. Evaluation data were gathered using a correlation relationships of speed and power variables and placement classes at MSJ, respectively. achieved level of competition. The comparison of speed and power variables between years was used analysis of variance with repeated measurements. Results: It was found that the velocity-force characteristics ice hockey player found Wingate test does not have a statistically significant effect on the location of MSJ year and only low statistical significance was found between the variable ANC/kg and the level of competition achieved by the player. The difference between years in speed and power characteristics were not reported. Keywords: ice hockey, condition, player, forward, defender, Wingate test.

Title: Effect of exteroceptive stimulation on muscle tone after physical activity Aims: The aim of this diploma thesis is to summarize theoretical findings regarding the muscle tonus, biomechanical characteristics of soft tissues and the influence of exteroceptive stimulation on muscle tonus. In practical part, the influence of exteroceptive stimulation on muscle tonus after anaerobic exercise was evaluated using the measuring instrument - myotometer. Methods: Diploma thesis was approached as pilot and was processed at FTVS-UK in the form of analytical-comparative study on the group of six probands who experienced endurance Wingate test and then they underwent the exteroceptive stimulation technique. The main objective of this experiment was the evaluation of effect of stroking - the exteroceptive stimulation on muscle tonus. The muscle tonus was measured before the exertion, after anaerobic exertion, after passive rest and after exteroceptive stimulation. Measuring of muscle tonus of m. soleus was performed in FTVS-UK laboratory using myotonometer. The data were displayed through analog-digital convertor and were subsequently processed in program Matlab. Outcomes: Experiment partly proved mutual relationship between skin and muscle and possibility of influencing the muscle using the exteroceptive...

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze three several-month concentration of a long-distance runner at higher altitude. Specifically, we compared the results of the measured values before staying in zones of high altitude and after arrival from high altitude. The tested individual was housed in Kenya in the town of Iten, located at 2,400 meters above sea level. To elaborate this thesis, we used the method of content analysis and the comparative method. To obtain the results, we used laboratory tests spiroergometry, spirometry, body composition and Wingate test. Then, the data was processed using material significance. The material significance was defined using Cohen's d. Our results showed an increase in red blood cells, an increase in VO2max, a reduction in heart rate, a reduction in morning heart rate. From these results, it is clear that alpine training has a positive effect on the performance of the athlete.

Dans ce travail nous nous sommes centré sur les effets d'une hyperventilation volontaire (alcalose respiratoire) sur la fatigue lors d'un sprint prolongé. Il s'agit de mesurer les effets d'une augmentation pré exercice du pH lors de type d'exercice anaérobique. Dans un premier temps, sept sujets ont réalisé le test de Wingate, soit dans des conditions normales, soit après six cycles inspiration/expiration maximaux réalisés en 30 secondes (HV). Les échanges gazeux étaient mesurés en cycle à cycle durant tout le test. Les performances pic mesurées n'ont pas différées significativement entre les deux tests, en revanche, l'index de fatigabilité a été supérieur lorsque le test fut réalisé après une hyperventilation. Lors d'une seconde étude, 11 sujets ont réalisé le test de Wingate soit dans des conditions normales soit 1 minute après avoir réalisé une hyperventilation de 30 secondes. L'hyperventilation a entrainé une diminution significative de la pression partielle en CO2 dans l'air de fin d'expiration (PETCO2) en dessous de 30 mmHg suggérant une baisse significative du pH sanguin. Cependant, la puissance pic, la puissance moyenne et la contribution aérobie n'étaient pas significativement différentes entre les deux tests. Enfin, lors d'une dernière étude, nous avons recruté 9 nageurs de bon niveau, pour effectuer un 50m crawl ce soit dans des conditions normales ou bien après une HV suivie de 30 secondes de récupération passive. Dans cette étude, la vitesse moyenne de nage sur 50m crawl était significativement plus élevée dans lesconditions HV comparées aux conditions normales. Le nombre de cycles respiratoire enregistrés durant chaque course était significativement inférieur dans les conditions HV. Nous avons ainsi pu conclure qu'une hyperventilation volontaire maximale pré exercice peut significativement augmenter les performances de nageurs de bon niveau lors d'un 50m crawl

The purpose of this study was to compare the exercise and recovery muscle oxygenation response of Women and Girls during two 30s Wingate anaerobic tests separated by two minutes of active cycling recovery (resistance ≈ 2.5% body weight, 60-80rpm). Oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb), total hemoglobin (tHb), and tissue saturation index (TSI) were monitored at the right vastus lateralis muscle using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) throughout exercise, recovery, and a post-exercise femoral artery occlusion to TSI plateau. Pressure was preset at 250mmHg for Women and 210mmHg for Girls, achieved by rapid inflation in 0.3 seconds, and maintained until a 2 minute TSI plateau occurred or 10 minutes had passed. Twenty Women (23.8[2.12] years) and 13 Girls (9[1] years, combined Tanner stage <4) completed all tasks excepting 1 girl who did not complete occlusion. Significant group, time, and group by time interaction effects were observed for peak and mean power (Watts.kgFFM-1). Women had significantly greater power output compared to Girls for both Wingates. While both groups had reduced power output in Wingate 2, the reduction was significantly greater in Women compared to Girls. No significant group differences were found for resting TSI, recovery TSI, minimum TSI during either Wingate test, or for minimum TSI during occlusion, however a time main effect for Women was observed with minimum TSI being significantly lower in Wingate 1 compared to Wingate 2. Girls had similar minimum TSI for both Wingate tests. Women also demonstrated a significantly greater difference between Wingate minimum TSI and occlusion minimum TSI in Wingate 2 compared to Wingate 1. During Wingate 1, HHb increase was greater in Girls compared to Women and remained elevated during recovery compared to women. Changes in HbO2, HHb, and tHb were reduced in Wingate 2 for both groups, more so in Women for tHb and in Girls for HHb. Recovery was not different between groups with the exception of a faster TSI time constant of recovery in Women (τ =20.25 [13.01]s) compared to Girls (τ =36.77 [13.38]s) which is attributed to a faster HHb time constant in Women (τ =13.6 [0.44]s) compared to Girls (τ =30.77[19.47]s). Both groups demonstrated similar power output results and TSI response across the two Wingate tests but Girls were better able to repeat the anaerobic performance with a consistent TSI minimum between the two tests despite a faster recovery of HHb and TSI in women. These findings, in the context of observed Hb variable differences between groups, provide evidence of greater oxidative metabolism in Girls during a high intensity exercise. / Graduate / December 18, 2016

Orientador: Antonio Carlos de Moraes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T08:30:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Okano_AlexandreHideki_M.pdf: 2122116 bytes, checksum: e3e2af5c478922df473a0daba3e0c850 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: O propósito do presente estudo foi analisar as respostas eletromiográficas dos músculos Vasto Lateral (VL), Vasto Medial (VM) e Reto Femoral (RF) durante um esforço intermitente anaeróbio e estabelecer correlações entre os sinais eletromiográficos dos músculos VL, VM e RF e os indicadores de desempenho físico. Oito ciclistas do sexo masculino (idade = 18-30 anos) foram submetidos a três testes anaeróbio de Wingate (W1, W2 e W3) intercalados por dois minutos de recuperação. Foram mensuradas a amplitude dos sinais eletromiográficos (EMG-RMS) e a potência média relativa (PMR), obtida durante os testes de Wingate. Houve queda de 27% na PMR do W1 para o W3. Com o decorrer dos testes de Wingate, verificou-se uma pequena redução na EMG-RMS do W1 para o W3 sendo mais acentuada para o RF (13%) do que para os músculos VL e VM (6%). As respostas diferenciadas de EMG-RMS apresentadas pelos músculos podem ser explicadas pelas diferenças nas propriedades biomecânicas, arquitetônicas e morfológicas. A análise de regressão múltipla indicou que o músculo com maior contribuição para o desempenho físico foi o VL. Este músculo, isoladamente explica em 68%, 45%, e 60% a variação dos resultados de desempenho físico nos testes de W1, W2 e W3, respectivamente. De acordo com os resultados podemos concluir que o padrão de fadiga muscular apresentado pelos músculos VL, VM e RF são diferenciados. Verifica-se uma queda na PMR e uma redução dos EMG-RMS, todavia, em diferentes proporções. Isto indica a necessidade do desenvolvimento de estudos que mensure os acúmulos de metabólitos e alterações no padrão dos sinais eletromiográficos durante esforços intermitentes de alta intensidade / Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the neuromuscular recruitment characteristics of Vastus Lateralis (VL), Vastus Medialis (VM), and Rectus Femoris (RF) during anaerobic intermittent effort in cyclists and the relationships between electromyographic signal of muscles and physical performance. Eight males cyclists (age 18-30 years) performed three Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT1, WAnT2, and WAnT3) on a cycle ergometer with two minutes of rest between each exercise bout. Relative mean power (RMP) and Root Mean Square amplitude (EMG-RMS) were recorded throughout the cycling. RMP decreased significantly between WAnT1 and WAnT3 by 27%. EMG-RMS decrease was slightly more pronounced for RF (13%) than VL and VM (6%). The different EMG-RMS fatigue patterns between the VL, VM, and RF may be explained by morphological, architecture, and biomechanical factors. The multiple regression analysis indicated that for performance the most prominent predictor was the VL. This variable alone explained 68%, 45%, and 60% of the variance in performance during WAnT1, WAnT2, and WAnT3, respectively. We concluded that EMG-RMS fatigue patterns were different between the VL, VM, and RF. MPO and EMG-RMS declined during high intensity exercise but not in the same proportion. Further investigation is required to measure both metabolite accumulation and changes in neural firing patterns during high intensity intermittent effort / Mestrado / Ciencia do Desporto / Mestre em Educação Física