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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Identification of ligands interacting with the Wolframin protein (WFS1), a candidate in the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Honing, Candice 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScMedSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a multifactorial disorder, with substantial evidence for a genetic contribution. Although genetic association studies have been conducted to identify vulnerability factors in PTSD, the results remain largely inconsistent. Identifying ligands of proteins that are involved in the aetiology of PTSD represents a means of delineating the network of interactions that may play a role in the development of the disorder. Numerous animal studies have identified the Wolframin protein (WFS1) as a putative biomarker for the development of PTSD. However, the function of WFS1 has not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of the present investigation was to identify proteins that interact with the N-terminal domain of WFS1, in order to possibly elucidate the function of the protein, and to subsequently hypothesise on the role that WFS1 may play in the development of PTSD. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) methodology was used to identify putative ligands of the N-terminal domain of WFS1 (amino acids 1-300) by screening a human adult brain complementary DNA (cDNA) library. Successive selection stages reduced the number of putative WFS1 N-terminal ligand-containing colonies (preys) from 878 to three. Putative ligands were sequenced and indentified by BLAST-search. Four preys were excluded because they were either out of frame with the vector or the protein they encoded occurred in a subcellular location that was not compatible with the location of the N-terminal domain of WFS1. An interesting putative ligand was identified as carboxypeptidase E (CPE). Colocalisation analyses verified that CPE colocalises with WFS1 in rat hypothalamic GT1-7 cells. Coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) further verified a direct interaction between WFS1 and CPE in rat hypothalamic GT1-7 cells, providing conclusive evidence that WFS1 and CPE interact. Both WFS1 and CPE are upregulated in response to fear and both are localised to the secretory granules of the regulated secretory pathway. WFS1 has been detected in both the ER and secretory granules it seems to play an important role in protein biosynthesis, modification, folding, trafficking and the regulation of calcium homeostasis. CPE is involved in neuropeptide processing and trafficking of secreted proteins. The interaction between CPE and WFS1 may thus serve to facilitate an optimal environment in which neuropeptides can be processed and secreted. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Posttraumatiese stresversteuring (PTSV) is 'n multifaktoriese siekte, met aansienlike bewyse vir 'n genetiese bydrae. Hoewel genetiese assosiasie-studies uitgevoer word om kwesbaarheidsfaktore in PTSV te identifiseer, is die resultate grootliks teenstrydig. Identifiseering van ligande van proteїene wat betrokke is in die etiologie van PTSV dien as middel om die netwerk van interaksies wat ń moontlike rol in die ontwikkeling van die versteuring kan speel, te oudersoek talle diere studies het die Wolframin proteien (WFS1) geїdentifiseer as 'n moontlike biomerker vir die ontwikkeling van PTSV. Die funksie van WFS1 is egter nog nie ten volle beskryf nie. Die doel van die huidige studie was om proteїene wat interaksie met die N-terminale domein van WFS1 her te identifiseer, om sodoende die funksie van die proteїen uit te lig, en daardeur die rol wat WFS1 kan speel in die ontwikkeling van PTSV te bepaal. Die gis twee-hibried metodologie is gebruik om moontlike ligande van die N-terminale domein van WFS1 te identifiseer, deur die sifting van 'n mens volwasse brein komplementêre DNS biblioteek. Opeenvolgende seleksie stappe het die aantal moontlike WFS1 N-terminale ligand wat moontlike prooi kolonies bevat van 878 tot en met ses verminder. Die DNS volgorde van die moontlike prooi-plasmiede is bepaal en geїdentifiseer deur die BLAST soek-engin. Vier prooi-plasmiede is uitgesluit omdat hulle of nie in die korrekte lees-raam in die vektor was nie of die subsellulêre ligging van die proteїen wat uitgedrukword is nie versoenbaar met die N-terminale domein van WFS1. 'n Interessante moontlike ligand is geїdentifiseer as Karboxypeptidase E (CPE). Ko-lokalisering ontleding bevestig dat CPE ko-lokaliseer met WFS1 in rot hipotalamiese selle (GT1-7). Ko-immunopresipitasie (Ko-IP) toon verder 'n direkte interaksie tussen WFS1 and CPE in rot GT1-7 selle. Wat dus bewys dat WFS1 en CPE wel met mekaar 'n interaksie het. Beide WFS1 en CPE toon 'n verhoogde uitdrukking in respons tot ń vrees-situasie. Beide van hierdie proteїene kom voor in die sekretoriese korrels van die gereguleerde sekretoriese pad. Die WFS1 proteien word bevind in die endoplasmiese retikulum (ER) van die sel, waar dit verantwoordelik is vir proteien biosintese, modifikasie, vouing, vervoer en die reguleering van kalsium homeostase. Die CPE proteїen is verantwoordelik vir die proseseering van neuropeptiede en die vervoer van uitgeskiede proteїene. Dus kan die interaksie tussen CPE en WFS1 dien om 'n optimale omgewing te skep waarin neuropeptiede geproseseer en uitgeskei kan word. / The National Research Foundation (NRF), the Harry Crossley Foundation and the Medical Research Council (MRC)
2

Childhood hearing impairment in northern Finland:prevalence, aetiology and additional disabilities

Häkli, S. (Sanna) 02 December 2014 (has links)
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and aetiology of childhood hearing impairment (HI) in northern Finland and to evaluate the presence of additional disabilities among hearing impaired children. Such data would be valuable in guiding examinations and rehabilitation. Study I consisted of 214 children with mild to profound HI ascertained prior to age 10 years. They belonged to the birth cohort spanning the years 1993–2002. The clinical data were collected from the patient records of the Oulu University Hospital. In studies II–III, mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and in the WFS1 gene were determined in children with unknown aetiology of HI. Study IV is a prospective follow-up study examining the hearing of children with m.1555A>G mutation in mtDNA. The prevalence of childhood HI was 2.3/1000 live births. Genetic causes were the most common (47%) aetiology of HI, while 16% of cases were acquired and 36% were unknown. Almost 40% of 214 children had one or more additional disabilities that adversely influenced their development or learning. The frequency of additional disabilities was not associated with the severity of HI. Children with acquired HI had additional disabilities more often (66%) than children with genetic or unknown aetiology of HI (44%). Molecular analysis revealed that mutations in mtDNA and WFS1 are rare causes of childhood HI. Three rare variants and the novel p.Gly831Ser variant were found in WFS1. The p.Gly831Ser variant may be a new member to the group of heterozygous WFS1 mutations that lead to HI. One child harboured the pathogenic m.1555A>G mutation in MT-RNR1. In addition, eight rare variants and 13 polymorphisms were found in MT-RNR1 or in MT-RNR2. Evaluation of m.990T>C suggested that this transition is a pathogenic rather than a neutral variant. During a 7.8 year follow up of 19 children with m.1555A>G, HI was ascertained in 10 children (age range, 2.1–13.2 years at the end of the follow-up). Distinct phenotypes of HI were identified. Environmental factors contributing to the phenotype variation were not recognized. Because these children generally pass the newborn hearing screening, it is important to follow over time the hearing of children in families with the m.1555A>G mutation. / Tiivistelmä Tämän työn tavoitteena oli tutkia lapsuusiän kuulovikojen esiintyvyyttä ja etiologiaa pohjoissuomalaisilla lapsilla sekä selvittää kuulovikaisilla lapsilla esiintyviä muita oireita. Tieto kuulovian etiologiasta ja mahdollisista muista oireista auttaa tutkimusten ja kuntoutuksen suunnittelussa. Tutkimukseen osallistuvat lapset olivat syntyneet Pohjois-Suomessa vuosina 1993–2002. Osatyössä I kerättiin sairauskertomustiedot niistä lapsista, joiden kuulovika oli todettu ennen kymmenen vuoden ikää. Osatöissä II ja III määritettiin mitokondrion DNA:n ja tuman WFS1-geenin muutoksia lapsilla, joiden kuulovian etiologia oli tuntematon. Osatyössä IV seurattiin lasten kuuloa suvussa, jossa on todettu mitokondrion DNA:n mutaatio m.1555A>G. Lapsuusiän kuulovikojen esiintyvyys oli 2,3 tuhatta vastasyntynyttä kohden. Kuulovian yleisin syy oli perinnöllinen (47 %). Hankinnaisia kuulovikoja oli 16 % ja etiologialtaan tuntemattomia 36 %. Lähes 40 %:lla 214 lapsesta oli kuulovian lisäksi yksi tai useampi muu oire, jonka arvioitiin vaikuttaneen haitallisesti lapsen kehitykseen tai oppimiseen. Muiden oireiden esiintyminen ei riippunut kuulovian vaikeusasteesta. Hankinnaiseksi luokiteltuihin kuulovikoihin liittyi enemmän muita oireita (66 %) kuin niihin kuulovikoihin, joiden syy oli perinnöllinen tai tuntematon (44 %). Pohjoissuomalaisilla lapsilla mitokondrion DNA:n ja WFS1-geenin muutokset olivat harvinaisia kuulovian syitä. WFS1-geenissä todettiin kolme aikaisemmin tunnettua harvinaista ja yksi uusi geenimuutos. Tämän p.Gly831Ser-mutaation arvioitiin olevan heterotsygoottisena kuulovikaa aiheuttava muutos. Yhdellä lapsella todettiin mitokondrion DNA:n patogeeninen mutaatio m.1555A>G. Lisäksi MT-RNR1- ja MT-RNR2-geeneissä todettiin 13 polymorfiaa, jotka kuuluvat normaaliin vaihteluun ja kahdeksan harvinaista muutosta, joista m.990T>C-muutos on todennäköisesti kuulovikaa aiheuttava. Seurantatutkimukseen osallistui 19 lasta, joilla oli m.1555A>G-mutaatio. Seuranta kesti 7,8 vuotta, ja sen aikana ilmaantui kuulovika 10 lapselle, joiden ikä tutkimuksen loppuessa oli 2,1–13,2 vuotta. Todetut kuuloviat olivat keskenään erilaisia. Vaihtelua selittäviä ympäristötekijöitä ei todettu. Lasten kuuloa on tärkeää seurata perheissä, joissa on m.1555A>G-mutaatio, koska lapset yleensä läpäisevät vastasyntyneen kuulonseulontatutkimuksen ja mahdollinen kuulovika kehittyy myöhemmin.

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