Ovid’s interest in women and their lives is apparent throughout his texts, but is especially so in the Metamorphoses. This study analyses the violation and violence of women in the Roman poet’s epic and sets out to uncover the governing social mores and values that perhaps shaped the representations of women in the text. It examines how Ovid’s narratives may betray his values and attitudes and those of his audience as well as looking at the various ways that the poet and his rape episodes have been read. After surveying the literature on rape in Ovid’s Metamorphoses, Ars Amatoria and the Fasti, a brief historical context for the Metamorphoses is provided; women’s lives in Rome, the rape laws that existed during this time, as well as Roman sexuality are then examined. After this, a close textual analysis of different rape episodes in the Metamorphoses is presented, including the episodes of nymphs as victims, the silencing of rape victims and sexually ‘aggressive’ women, in order to reveal and examine the patterns that emerge. While Ovid’s intentions and attitudes towards women, as they are found in the Metamorphoses, have been read by some as sympathetic, by others as misogynistic and still others as more neutral, it is concluded that, although there is space for various readings, as a poet, Ovid was ‘opportunistic’ in his choice of materia and, above all, he wished to stimulate and delight his audience. While his personal values may not necessarily be reflected in his works and his readers may never know the ‘true’ intentions behind the poem, the Metamorphoses does hold up a mirror to the negative treatment of women and exposes the gender inequalities that existed during Ovid’s time. As a poet, however, Ovid’s conceived role is to entertain his audience and despite his somewhat problematic treatment of women and rape victims, he does just that.

The central question guiding this study is, how can Liberia's historical context of colonial state formation and reformation help explain public discourses surrounding gender violence in the postwar decade, 2003-2013? This question is addressed using original data from mixed qualitative methods including participant observation, visual methods, and semi-structured interviews. The research identifies narratives and meta-narratives produced by liberal institutions (including the Government of Liberia and international agencies), as well as informal discourses from adult Liberians of different backgrounds living in Greater Monrovia. Using critical discourse analysis, the argument identifies connections between the narratives that recur, the social realities they recall, and the power dynamics they perpetuate. These discourses are best understood in reference to liberal and colonial/imperial dynamics from Liberia's settlement period. Liberal institutions addressing gender violence in the postwar period face dilemmas in which universalist humanitarian ideals work in tandem with, and provide justification for, imperialism as a set of discursive and material relations. Nonelite Liberians instrumentalise and subvert both privileged donor discourses as well as long-standing colonial hierarchies of 'civilised' and 'country'. Additionally, the thesis examines how liberal institutions, traditional institutions, and Liberian citizens interact as agents of discursive construction. It will be shown that this pattern of discourse production is at times harmonious, as in the interactions around promoting male head-of-household responsibilities, and at other times adversarial, as in conflicts surrounding excision as an initiation practice for girls. Liberal institutions, non-elite Liberians, and traditional authorities both collude and compete in this era of dynamic normative contestation. Both the major discourses and the interactions that produce them can be explained in part by the liberal imperialism and its specific form of settler colonialism that propelled the founding and subsequent stages of state formation in Liberia. The consequences of that residual history indicate inherent - though, not irredeemable - structural limitations to a robust institutional response to gender violence. In this manner the study demonstrates the utility of historicising Liberia's contemporary gender violence discourses, and how doing so can address the longstanding bifurcation between rights and culture in international development and transnational feminist geography.

Orientadores: Ana Maria Segall Correa, Silvia Maria Santiago / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T03:20:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Audi_CeleneAparecidaFerrari_D.pdf: 4215220 bytes, checksum: 127ca6e6ad40b4ce8643dc88d2cf647e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A violência contra as mulheres, em suas diversas formas, é endêmica em todos os países do mundo, independente da classe social, raça ou idade. Estudos têm mostrado que a gestante não está livre de sofrer as diversas manifestações de violência doméstica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a associação entre violência doméstica contra as gestantes, residentes na região Sudoeste de Campinas-SP e os fatores associados à violência perpetrada pelo parceiro íntimo, assim como, verificar o impacto dessa violência no peso ao nascer ou na prematuridade. Inicialmente, foram realizados grupos focais para subsidiar o estudo de coorte. Neste, numa etapa retrospectiva foram coletadas informações sobre experiência de violência doméstica vivida pelas gestantes selecionadas, no ano anterior a gestação. Numa etapa prospectiva, coletamos dados sobre nova exposição à violência doméstica durante e após período gestacional. Informações sobre, características sócio demográficas das gestantes, do parceiro íntimo, sobre o parto e pós-parto imediato, também foram pesquisadas. Participaram do estudo 1379 gestantes usuárias do SUS. Do total da amostra, 19,1 % (262) referiram ter sido vítima de violência psicológica, 5,9% (81) de violência física e 1,3% (18) de violência sexual. A prevalência de violência física ou sexual foi de 6,5% (81) gestantes. Através de analise de regressão logística, permaneceram associados: 1) à violência psicológica: gestante com escolaridade fundamental ou menor (p<0,013), gestante ser responsável pela família (p<0,001), sentimento de rejeição (p<0,001), gestante presenciou agressão física na infância (p<0,001), gestante sofreu agressão física na infância (p<0,032), parceiro íntimo adolescente (p<0,011) e consumir bebida alcoólica com freqüência superior a uma vez por semana (p<0,001); 2) à violência física/sexual: a gestante ter relatado dificuldade em fazer as consultas de pré-natal (p<0,011 ), gestante com escolaridade fundamental ou menor (p<0,002), sentimento de rejeição (p<0,001), gestante sofreu agressão física na infância (p<0,021), parceiro íntimo não trabalhar (p<0,039) e o parceiro fazer uso de drogas e consumir álcool com freqüência superior a uma vez por semana (p<0,001). Para analisar o peso ao nascer ou prematuridade, 1220 mulheres foram acompanhadas durante o período de pré-natal e pós-natal (88,5% das gestantes inicialmente selecionadas). Essa diferença refere-se a 11,5% das perdas de acompanhamento, basicamente por mudança de endereço. O peso médio ao nascer foi de 3,233 gramas e a idade gestacional foi em média 38,56 semanas. Apresentaram BPN ou PM 13,8% RN. Condições de risco para BPN ou PM foram: gestante ter tido RN PM em outra gestação (p<0,003), ser tabagista (p<0,001), ter tido parto por cesárea (p<0,001) e ser baixa a escolaridade do parceiro (p<0,005). Os eventos adversos, manifestados durante a gestação associados à violência psicológica e violência física/sexual foram, respectivamente: infecção urinária (p<0,007; p<0,027), falta de desejo sexual (p<0,018; p<0,001), afecções ginecológicas (p<0,009), enxaqueca (p<0,014), sentimento de rejeição e distúrbios neuróticos (p<0,001). Conclusões: este estudo conseguiu identificar que a prevalência de qualquer forma de violência contra a gestante pode acometer aproximadamente uma em cada seis delas. O perpetrador mais provável é o que consome drogas licitas ou ilícitas; mostraram-se de maior risco as mulheres de baixa escolaridade, dificuldades de comparecer ao pré-natal e que são responsáveis pela família. Não foi observada associação estatisticamente significativa entre violência doméstica e baixo peso ao nascer ou prematuridade. Os eventos adversos manifestados durante a gestação foram: infecção urinária, falta de desejo sexual, afecções ginecológicas, enxaqueca, sentimento de rejeição e distúrbios neuróticos. As prevalências de violências observadas e os fatores a elas associados evidenciam a magnitude e complexidade do problema. Sugere-se rever os mecanismos que permitam sua identificação e orientem abordagem inter e multidisciplinar, especialmente no âmbito da Saúde Pública, com ênfase na atenção primária / Abstract: Violence against women, in its various forms, is endemic in every country in the world, regardless of social class, race, or age. Studies have shown that pregnant women also suffer from the various manifestations of domestic violence. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between domestic violence against pregnant women residing in the southeastern region of Campinas-SP and the factors associated with violence perpetrated by their partners, as well as examine the impact of this violence on birth weight and premature birth. Focus groups were initially conducted to complement the cohort study. In the latter, in a retrospective phase, information was collected regarding the domestic violence experienced by the pregnant women during the year preceding their pregnancy. In a prospective phase, data was collected on exposure to domestic violence during and after pregnancy. Information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the pregnant women, of their partners, and about the birth and immediate post-partum period was also collected. The total number of pregnant women who participated in the study was 1379, all users of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Of these, 19,1% (263) claimed to have been victims of psychological violence, 5,9% (81) of physical violence, and 1,3% (18) of sexual violence. The prevalence of physical or sexual violence was 6,5% (81). Logistic regression analysis showed associations between: 1) psychological violence 8th grade education or less (p<0,013), pregnant woman describing herself as being responsible for the family (p<0,001), rejection feeling (p<0,001), pregnant woman witnessed physical aggression in the childhood (p<0,001), pregnant woman suffered physical aggression in the childhood (p0, <032), adolescent father (p0<,011) and alcohol consumption by partner more often than once a week (p<0,001); 2) physical/sexual violence and: difficulty in doing prenatal consultations (p<0,011), 8th grade education or less (p<0,002), and drug and alcohol consumption by partner more often than once a week (p<0,001), rejection feeling (p<0,001), pregnant woman suffered physical aggression in the childhood (p<0,021), partner intimate doesn't work. To analyze birth weight or premature birth, 1220 women were followed during the pre- and post-natal period (88,5% of the pregnant women initially selected). This represents a 11,5% loss basically due to address changes. Mean birth weight was 3,233 grams and mean gestational age was 38,56 weeks. Of the newborns, 13,8% were low birth weight or premature. Risk conditions for low birth weight or prematurity included: history of previous premature births (p<0,003), tobacco use (p<0,001), cesarean birth (p<0,001), and low educational level of the partner (p<0,005). The event¿s adverse manifested during pregnancy association¿s violência psychological violence and physical/sexual violence were, respectively urinary infection (p <0,007; p <0,027), lacks of sexual want (p<0,018; p<0,001), gynecological problem (p<0,009), headache (p <0,014), rejection feeling and neurotic disturbances (p <0,001). Conclusions: In this study, it was found that the prevalence of some form of violence against pregnant women can be as high as one in six. The most likely perpetrators are consumers of illicit or licit drugs. Women at higher risk included those with fewer years of schooling, those who had difficulties in keeping their prenatal care appointments, and those who described themselves as being responsible for the family. No statistically significant associations were observed between domestic violence and low birth weight or premature birth. The adverse events manifested during the gestation were: urinary infection lacks of sexual want, gynecological problem, headache, rejection feeling and neurotic disturbances. The prevalence¿s of the different types of violence observed and their associated factors suggest the magnitude and complexity of the problem. It is recommended that mechanisms to identify the problem and provide inter- and muti-disciplinary guidance be reviewed, especially in the sphere of public health, with emphasis in primary health care / Doutorado / Epidemiologia / Doutor em Saude Coletiva

Orientador: Luzia Margareth Rago / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T18:58:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_JuliaGlacieladaSilva_M.pdf: 3849120 bytes, checksum: 79605fae46aa4cb8135e6f4c12856f07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo mapear a experiência da associação feminista "União de Mulheres de São Paulo", fundada em 1981, em São Paulo, no combate à violência de gênero. Busca-se, por meio das narrativas das militantes do grupo, percorrer os caminhos que fizeram com que a violência direcionada às mulheres ganhasse visibilidade nas últimas três décadas, em nossa sociedade. A pesquisa pergunta pelas maneiras com as quais o grupo enfrenta os discursos que instituem e naturalizam a violência contra as mulheres. Também reflete sobre as possibilidades de novas constituições da subjetividade feminina por meio das relações de convívio e trocas de experiências nos espaços de sociabilidade construídos pela associação / Abstract: This research aims to map the experience of feminist association União de Mulheres de São Paulo (Union of Women of São Paulo), founded in 1981 in Sao Paulo in combating gender violence. Looking up through the narratives of activists group, walk the paths that made violence directed at women gain visibility in the last three decades in our society. The research questions by the ways in which the group faces the discourses that establish and naturalize the violence against women. It also reflects on the possibilities of new constitutions of female subjectivity through coexistence relations and exchange of experience in socializing spaces constructed by the association / Mestrado / Historia Cultural / Mestre em História

Orientador: Maria Filomena Gregori / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T10:32:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade_Fabianade_M.pdf: 2250271 bytes, checksum: 5f640dd2968adfef914ccdd4815a8318 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Esta dissertação discorre sobre o "fazer" policial nos crimes de "violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher" circunscritos na Lei Maria da Penha (11.340/06). O trançar de fios de sentidos e séries de acontecimentos busca entender como a constituição de um saber especializado da polícia civil, emaranhado ao de outros agentes e olhares, produz um tipo de prática e noções sobre os crimes de violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher. O texto tem início no "caminhar" pelos espaços da Delegacia de Defesa da Mulher de Campinas (DDM), no intuito de conhecer seus transeuntes e as múltiplas discursividades que se materializam em suas salas, seu Corredor e suas expectativas a respeito do cotidiano policial. De posse desse relato, acompanho um dos personagens que transita por seu Corredor e salas: a Lei Maria da Penha (11.340/06). Como foi seu nascimento? Quais suas memórias? Quem são seus padrinhos e referências? O que falam sobre ela? Para responder a essas questões, escolho no emaranhado de fios aquelas discursividades produzidas pelos documentos internacionais sobre Direitos Humanos e Direitos das Mulheres, assim como, pela atuação dos diversos movimentos feministas, dos especialistas na temática sobre violência e da polícia civil especializada. Por fim, acompanho essas policiais em seu "fazer" mais minúsculos do cotidiano: a operacionalização dos marcadores de diferença (peças/linhas) gênero doméstico e familiar na transformação de narrativas de violência doméstica em crimes previstos pela Lei Maria da Penha / Abstract: This dissertation discusses police's faire in domestic violence against women circumscribed in Maria da Penha Law (11.340/06).The weaving of meanings and the series of events seeks to understand how the constitution of a specialized knowledge about the civil police, tangled with other agents and eyes, produces practices and notions about the crimes of domestic violence against women. The text begins by the walking on spaces in the Women's Police Stations of Campinas (DDM), in order to know their passers-by and the multiple discourses that are materialized in rooms, its Corridor and expectations about the everyday police officer. After take it, I subscribe one of the characters that move through the Corridor and rooms: the Maria da Penha Law (11.340/06).How was her birth? What are her memories? Who are her sponsors and references? What they talk about her? To answer those questions I choose in the tangle of wires the documents produced by international discourses on Human Rights and Women's Rights, as well as the performance of various feminist movements, the experts on the topic of violence and civilian police staff. Finally, I follow these police officers in their tiniest faire of everyday life: the operation of the domestic and familiar's devices in the transformation of domestic violence against women's narrative in crimes provided by Law Maria da Penha / Mestrado / Antropologia Social / Mestre em Antropologia Social

This thesis examines the underreporting of sexual violence against women in the Camdeboo. It is based on a survey of 971 women living in the Camdeboo aged fifteen and older. The thesis considers, with reference to relevant secondary literature, methodological issues pertinent to conducting survey research into violence against women. While many survey researchers into violence against women argue that behaviourally specific questions lead to higher rates of disclosure, the survey on which this thesis is based employed complex and open-ended questions to allow respondents to record their own definitions of physical and sexual abuse. 31,2 percent of the women surveyed disclosed having experienced sexual abuse, but 76,7 percent did not report this abuse to the police. The thesis explores the patterns of sexual abuse of women in the Camdeboo and the factors influencing the underreporting of such abuse. While it was possible to establish correlations between certain socio-demographic variables and the underreporting of sexual abuse, such correlations should be treated with caution. The survey found that women were far more likely to report (and disclose) sexual assaults by strangers than by people known to them, particularly intimate partners. Sexual abuse in intimate relations was found to be strongly associated with physical abuse, and women who had experienced sexual and physical abuse within intimate relationships were more likely to report their physical abuse to the police than their sexual abuse. However, the majority of women, particularly poor and economically dependent women, believed that reporting their intimate partner abuse to the police would not end it, and might even place them at greater risk. The evidence suggests that these perceptions are accurate. Under current circumstances, reporting sexual abuse to the police may not be the best help-seeking strategy available to many sexually abused women, and alternative sources of help may be more appropriate. Consideration should be given to directing more resources into such alternatives.

M.Cur. / Violence stalks the streets of our erstwhile civilised cities and towns, and has also involved too many homes, transforming them from places of protection into pits of powerlessness and victimization. No immunization to this epidemic is afforded by culture, social class, economic states, education or ever religious affiliation. It is time to lift the shroud of silence and to shine the spotlight of truth on this social dilemma (Couden, 1999: 5). This research begins with the journey of awareness, which is intended to lead to healing, mental health and wholeness for the victimised women. It is intended to give victimised women a voice, since they are the experts of their own lives. Through sharing of their experiences, it is hoped that such awareness will positively impact our families, communities, churches and the wider society. The objectives of this research are to: • Explore and describe the experiences of victimised women of group interventions in a psychiatric clinic. • Formulate guidelines for the promotion of mental health of victimised women of group interventions. • In phase one of the research, the researcher made conclusions that the group interventions had an effect on victimised women. Group interventions enabled these women to understand that they can do something about being victimised. The main themes that came out were ventilating of emotions, support for each other in the group interventions, a sense of being empowered and a sense of forgiveness towards their perpetrators. In phase two guidelines were described for the advanced psychiatric nursespecialist to facilitate and promote the mental health of victimised women. An empowerment programme based on the suggestions given by Goodman and Fallon (113) described on the survey list by Dickoff et al (1968: 423). Conclusions, limitations and recommendations for the nursing practice, nursing education and research in nursing have been made.

Researchers agree that there is a relationship between alcoholism and domestic violence but theoretical perspectives have not established a correlation between the variables. Alcoholism and domestic violence are a manifestation of a complex system of family interactions characterized by inadequate communication skills.

This project explored the associations between the type of coping strategies used among women who live in domestic violence shelters and their overall well-being.

Calls to protect Black women have garnered national attention, drawing attention to the axes of racialized and gendered violence that are central to this dissertation project: the intersecting mis/recognition of Black women’s vulnerability and affect within and outside of their own racial communities constrains their possibilities to seek repair and justice for harm. Baltimore community members used social media platforms to call attention to gendered violence, joining movements like Kimberlé Crenshaw’s #SayHerName and Tarana Burke’s #MeToo Movement to address the erasure of violent experiences of Black women and girls; yet the mis/recognition of their affective experiences persists through the societal focus on Black male vulnerability. Through careful ethnographic study with Baltimorean anti-gendered violence activists, Black gendered violence survivors, and Black community healers, this dissertation analyzes how these women and non-binary people mobilize emotions to construct memorial spaces, community-based movements, and their own lives in the midst of pervasive state and interpersonal violence. I investigate the affective and political processes of Black urban place-making, self-making, and memorialization to answer: How do Black women define their own subjectivity at the intersections of antiblack and gendered violence? How does their political mobilization of emotions such as fear and grief transform gendered and racialized understandings of affect? To answer these questions, I use a Black feminist care practice to examine the themes of haunting, violence, home, and care and to conceptualize new analytic tools for writing about violence against Black women. The first chapter of my dissertation undertakes a Black feminist reading of ethnographic interview data, Toni Morrison’s Beloved (1987), and Gayl Jones’s Corregidora (1975), examining themes of reproduction, violence, and slavery’s afterlife that ripple from the novels’ pages to my and my interlocutors’ lives. I locate the haunting inside and outside of the Black female body, and I discuss the particular way that Black trans life illuminates that haunting. In my second chapter, I explore the (im)possibility of gendered Black affect through a Black feminist mapping of the myriad practices Black people use to create home as a transitory, affective, symbolic, and metamorphic place. This chapter employs autoethnography and interlocutor photographs of emotional sites as analytical and methodological tools to answer its driving questions. The third chapter discusses Black gendered memorialization practices for victims of state-sanctioned and interpersonal violence. I develop my conceptualization of imagined (after)life and self power using ethnographic and archival data, using the aftermath of Korryn Gaines’s and Breonna Taylor’s state-sanctioned murders as primary texts. The fourth and final chapter of my dissertation focuses on Black anti-gendered violence activism and its challenges and failures in Baltimore. By examining the lived experiences of Black activist-organizers, I highlight the complexities inherent in the pursuit of Black liberation. Using a Black feminist abolitionist framework, I analyze photographs, art, and poetry from local artist-activists to illustrate how (after)lives of interpersonal violence survivors can be made radical. My analysis of the affective experiences of Black women and nonbinary people in Baltimore and the gendered politics of grievability in Black anti-violence movements ultimately demonstrates how these movements re-entrench white supremacist patriarchal norms that undermine the pursuit of Black liberation. Thus, we must turn to Black feminist abolitionist praxis to achieve liberation for all Black people.