Purpose: Sustainable construction in the construction industry is a constantly recurring topic on climate issues around the world. In Sweden the majority of the newly construction foundation is made of concrete, steel and reinforcement. To reduce these emissions wood materials can be used in the construction instead. And to increase the wood materials in constructions a wooden building strategy can be used. The aim with this report is to develop a comprehensive basic wooden building strategy for municipalities in Sweden. This will be achieved by analysing municipalities success in the specific area and take advantage of the knowledge of actors involved with the area. In this report the strategy and the way to the strategy will be presented.  Method: The method in this report are qualitative case studies and the collection method of the empiricism is literature surveys, document analysis and interviews.  Selected methods form the basis for analyzing Eksjös, Växjös and Skellefteå municipality's current wooden building strategies as well as the knowledge of a researcher and university lecturer, the collected data will result in developing a common basic wooden building strategy for municipalities in need.   Findings: This report has added new knowledge and shows how a wooden building strategy should be design based on the conditions of the municipalities and that the working methods vary and look different. The development process of the strategy is an important element that is decisive for how well the strategy works, in this process the content of the strategy as well as its vision and goals are discussed. A wooden building strategy should include requirement where follow-up can be done and show if the goals are achieved, also dialogues and contact should exist with the construction industries actors to increase wood construction in municipalities.  Implications: Swedish municipalities can motivate wooden construction though a wooden building strategy where, through commands, promises and strategies, they contribute to increase interest. The development process is one of the most important part of designing a building strategy. Municipalities that develop a wooden building strategy must have clear goals and visions with the strategy. Gathering knowledge is the key to a well-functional strategy where municipalities have a good dialogue and corporation with actors. In the development process it is recommenced that you influenced by the leading edge of various organizations and municipalities in the area and see its weak points and take note of its strong points. This contributes to a well-designed wooden building strategy.  Limitations: The study is mainly limited to multi-storey houses and wooden buildings in Sweden. Recommendations and conclusions, together with the empiricism, are the authors' own thoughts and ideas. The limitation of the work and the goal is that the municipalities cannot use the model directly but must adapt the content based on their own conditions and visions.  Keywords: Wooden building strategy, concrete, CO2, wooden building, wooden buildings Sweden, Strategy

The main aim of this diploma´s thesis is a design of documentation for construction of the object wooden multipurpose building in Brno. This new building is in cadastre unit Bohunice, is three-storey with a basement. The construction system is designed as a wall (structural) system of CLT panels conducted with cast-in-place reinforced concrete. The project is devised to fit in to the neighborhood.

The master’s thesis topic is a project of a low-energy cottage. The cottage is situated in Kralický Sněžník near Jeseník and it is designed for forty customers. The house is designed as a detached house with two floors and with one basement and with a gable roof. A substructure is from a system blockpanel of a concrete and a heat insulations. The structural system of a superstructure is designed from a timber frame and a heat insulations. The indoor shell is formed from a plasterboard. The house shell is covered by heat insulations. The main entrance is located to the south. It leads to a hall with a reception. On the ground floor we can find a restaurant which is situated in the left part of the cottage. On the ground floor we can also find a room for disabled people and in the north-eastern corner are situated WC for people. The first floor is reachable via stairs from the entry hall. Upstairs there are seven rooms and four bathrooms with toilets. Two rooms of them have a ensuite bathroom. All of the rooms are enterable from the hall. Five of them have a window to the south side and other two rooms have a window to the north side. In the basement there is an utility room a boiler room a laundry a workshop and stocks.

Zur besseren Beurteilung der Lebensdauer unterschiedlich gegründeter prähistorischer Holzgebäude werden Ausgrabungsbefunde, archäologische Experimente, volks- und völkerkundliche Daten und erstmals Literatur zum historischen Telegraphenbau herangezogen. Es ergibt sich eine übliche Lebenserwartung von 20-30 Jahren für prähistorische Holzgebäude verschiedener Bauweise. Der Pfostenbau, obwohl technisch spätestens seit der Eisenzeit ein Anachronismus, lebte bis ins Mittelalter fort, während nicht-erdfeste Bauweisen die Ausnahme blieben, offenbar weil kurze Lebensspannen von Gebäuden den Erfordernissen der Erbauer genügten und immaterielle Gründe wohl ohnehin häufige Neubauten erforderten. / For a more precise assessment of the life expectancy of different types of prehistoric wooden buildings a short evaluation was made of excavation results, archaeological experiments, ethnological and folklore evidence and – for the first time – of literature on historical telegraph lines. The result was a normal life expectancy of some 20-30 years for prehistoric wooden buildings of different construction types. Post construction, although technically an anachronism by the Iron Age at the latest, persisted into the Middle Ages, while overground construction types remained exceptions, obviously because short life-spans of buildings met the requirements of their builders and immaterial reasons might have demanded frequent rebuilding anyway.

Det blev år 1994 tillåtet i Sverige att bygga hus med stomme av trä högre än två våningar. Det finns många fördelar med att bygga med trästomme, inte minst ur miljösynpunkt, men det byggs trots detta väldigt få flervåningshus högre än två våningar med trästomme jämfört med andra stomkonstruktioner. Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på hur beställare resonerar kring att bygga eller inte bygga flervåningshus med trästomme högre än två våningar och hur deras inställning är gentemot denna stomkonstruktion. För att ta reda på detta så har en kvalitativ undersökning genomförts där fem personer i beställarposition har intervjuats. Resultaten visade att det finns en viss kunskapsbrist om trästommar. Information finns men få har tagit del av den och tryggheten i att bygga i betong överväger i många fall de fördelar som träkonstruktioner faktiskt har. Kostnader är av självklara skäl den viktigaste aspekten för många företag. Om det finns kostnadsfördelar med trästomme råder det delade meningar om, men om så är fallet så behöver det bli tydligare för att beställare ska våga sig på det som alternativ. Kommunerna är i många fall de som får även mindre erfarna beställare att faktiskt bygga med trästomme då de på vissa platser har som krav att det ska vara trästomme. Att föreslå trästomme kan också vara ett sätt att stå ut från mängden och på så sätt vinna en markanvisning hos kommunen. Kommunernas inflytande på företagens val av stomme är något som författarna tycker att det bör forskas mer om. Överlag verkade det som att det fanns en ganska positiv bild av trästommar ur beställarens perspektiv, främst angående miljöaspekterna. Dock är det ännu inte tillräckligt för att de mindre träerfarna beställarna frivilligt ska våga prova på det då deras kunskap om det brister och det faktum att det inte visat sig ha kostnadsfördelar i alla lägen. / In 1994, it became legal in Sweden to build residential houses with wooden frames higher than two storeys. There are many advantages to building houses with wooden frames, not least from an environmental point of view, but very few multi-storey houses with wooden frames are built in comparison to frames of other materials. The purpose of this study is to examine how clients reason when deciding on whether to build or not to build multi-storey houses with wooden frames and how their attitudes are towards this form of construction. To do this, a qualitative study has been conducted in which five people in a customer position have been interviewed. The results show that there is a certain lack of knowledge about wooden frames. Information is available, but few have taken part of it and the certainty of building in concrete in many cases exceeds the advantages that wooden frames actually have. Costs are for obvious reasons the most important aspect for many. There are different opinions regarding cost advantages in wooden frames, but if there are any, they need to be made clearer for clients if they are to explore wooden frames as an alternative. In many cases, it is the municipalities who get the less experienced clients to actually buy and build wooden framed houses, as in some places they require a wooden frame. Proposing a wooden framed building can also be a way of standing out from the crowd and thus gaining a landmark at the municipality. The influence of municipalities on companies’ choice of frame is something that the authors think should be researched further. Overall, it appears that there is a fairly positive view of wooden frames from the clients’ perspective, mainly regarding environmental aspects. However, it is not yet enough for the clients who are less experienced with wooden frames to willingly try it, as their knowledge of it is lacking and the fact that it has not proven to have cost advantages in all situations.

The diploma thesis deals with the design of a new residential building in Brno, in a new urban structure, in the Trnitá area. The proposal shows a different view of the construction of a similar block, with regard to sustainability, variability, the ecological concept of materiality.

Bygg- samt fastighetsbranschen står för cirka 21% av koldioxidutsläppen i Sverige. Detta är ett problem som behöver lösas eftersom Sverige år 2017 antog ett klimatpolitiskt ramverk med målet att år 2045 inte ha några nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser till atmosfären. Ett ökat byggande i trä är en viktig del av lösningen för att nå målet om klimatneutralitet. Ett fastighetsbolag som håller på att bygga sitt första kontorshus i trä är Vasakronan, som kallas Magasin X. Det finns ett flertal utmaningar med att bygga flervåningshus i trä, dessa är bland annat fukt- och akustikproblem. Trä är ett fuktkänsligt material och om byggnaden skadas av fukt finns det en förhöjd risk för mögel som kan leda till hälsoproblem för framtida brukare av byggnaden. Gällande akustik, kan det bli lyhört, om inte hänsyn tas till materialets låga densitet. Detta examensarbete utfördes i samarbete med Vasakronan och har som syfte att identifiera drivkrafterna med att bygga flervåningshus i trä, identifiera kunskapsbrister samt identifiera förslag på lösningar inom fukt och akustik vid byggande av flervåningshus i trä. I detta examensarbete utfördes intervjuer samt observation som metoder. Observationen utfördes på en erfarenhetsträff angående byggprojektet Magasin X. Vid erfarenhetsträffen avhandlades utmaningar samt lösningar som uppkommit under projektet. Tematisk analys användes som metod för att analysera intervjuerna för att därmed besvara uppsatsens frågeställningar. Följande har identifierats som drivkrafter för att bygga flervåningshus i trä. För det första är det ett material som leder till lägre koldioxidutsläpp jämfört med betong. För det andra är det ett material som är lämpligt för industriellt byggande vilket innebär att det är lätt att tillverka byggdelar i fabrik. För det tredje är det ett material som bidrar med en bättre arbetsmiljö förde som arbetar med att uppföra byggnaden jämfört med vid uppförande av en byggnad av betong och stål. För det fjärde är det ett material som är lätt att kombinera med andra material och använda vid påbyggnader på grund av dess låga densitet. Den främsta anledningen till kunskapsbrister är begränsad erfarenhet att bygga flervåningshus i trä. Förslag på lösningar mot kunskapsbrister är att använda sig av aktiviteter som seminarium för att sprida kunskap inom ämnet, upprätta instruktioner och manualer vid användandet av nya byggmetoder. Dessutom är en lösning att bygga fler flervåningshus i trä för att ansamla erfarenhet och kunskap. Lösningar för att åtgärda fuktproblematik är att använda väderskydd på byggnaden, helklistrad plastfolie och tejp på bjälklaget samt vatten-dammsuga vid regn. Lösningar på akustikproblem är att installera installationsgolv eller installera ett tyngre övergolv med antingen betonggjutning eller spackel med stegljudsmatta. Om möjligt är väderskydd den mest effektiva åtgärden för att minska risken för fukt, dock är det en dyr lösning. Det finns dock andra åtgärder som inte är lika effektiva men billigare, som att använda plastfolie, presenningar och ställningar och tejp för att täcka bjälklag. Gällande akustiken har det dock det inte varit möjligt i denna studie att avgöra vilken akustisk lösningsom är att föredra. En drivkraft till att bygga flervåningshus i trä är att minska klimatpåverkan men för att upprätthålla ett hållbart skogsbruk är det viktigt att inte hugga ner för mycket träd. Därmed kan en hybridstomme vara ett bra alternativ för framtiden. / The construction and real estate industry accounts for a large share of carbon dioxide emissions in Sweden, about 21% of greenhouse gas emissions. This is a problem that needs to be solved because in 2017 Sweden adopted a climate policy framework with the goal that by 2045 there will be no net emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Increased construction in wood is an important part of the solution to achieve the goal of climate neutrality. A real estate company that is building its first wooden office building is Vasakronan, which is called Magasin X. There are several challenges with building multi-storey houses in wood, these include moisture problems and acoustic problems. One factor is the risk of moisture as wood is a moisture-sensitive material and if the building is damaged by moisture, there is an increased risk of mold, which can lead to health problems for future users of the building. If the light density of the material is not considered, it might be inefficiently soundproof. This master thesis was carried out in collaboration with Vasakronan and aims to identify the driving forces in building multi-storey buildings in wood, identify lack of knowledge within building of multi-storey buildings in wood and identify and investigate solutions to solve issues with moisture and acoustics in the construction of multi-storey buildings in wood. In this thesis, interviews and observation were used as a method. The observation was carried out at an experience meeting regarding the construction project Magazine X. At the experience meeting, challenges and solutions that arose during the project were discussed. The thematic analysis was also used as a method for analyzing the interviews in order to answer the research questions. The following have been identified as driving forces for building multi-storey wooden buildings. First, it is a material that leads to lower carbon dioxide emissions compared to building in concrete. Secondly, it is a material that is suitable for industrial construction, which means that it is easy to manufacture building components in a factory. Thirdly, it is a material that contributes to a better working environment for those who work with the construction of the building compared to when constructing a building of concrete and steel. Fourth, it is a material that is easy to combine with other materials and use in extensions due to its low density. The main reason for lack of knowledge is lack of experience in building multi-storey wooden buildings. Suggestions for solutions to knowledge gaps are to use activities such as seminars to spread knowledge in the subject. Solutions to fix moisture problems are to use weather protection on the building, wet guard and tape on the framing of joists and soak up water in the risk of rain. Solutions to acoustic problems are to install installation floors or install a heavier top floor with either concrete casting or putty with sound insulation mat. If possible, weather protection is the most effective measure to reduce the risk of moisture, but it is an expensive solution. However, there are other measures that are not as effective but cheaper, such as using wet guard, tarpaulins and scaffolding and tape to cover framing of joists. It has not been possible to determine which acoustic solution is preferable. A driving force for building multi-storey wooden buildings is to reduce the climate impact, but in order to maintain sustainable forestry, it is important not to cut down too many trees. Thus, a hybrid frame can be a good alternative for the future.

I denna studie analyseras en byggnad producerad med volymmoduler med lastbärande stomme av KL-trä. Resultat från analysen av hur laster påverkar byggnaden jämförs med resultat från motsvarande analys av en stomme producerad med reglar och balkar. I studien redovisas de krafter byggnaden utsätts för och förband mellan vägg och bjälklag. Ett förslag på förband mellan vägg och bjälklag presenteras och en jämförelse av bärförmågan i en volymmodul med KL-trästomme kontra träregelstomme genomförs. / In this study, a building produced with volume modules with a load bearing CLT-system is analyzed. Results from the analysis of how loads affect the building are compared with results from the corresponding analysis of a conventionally produced volumetric element and how vertical loads as well as wind loads affect its design. In the study, the forces that the building is exposed to are examined and the connection between wall and floor joints is designed. The forces and torque a construction built up of volume modules is exposed to are also presented. In the study the connection between the floor joints and the supporting wall is designed according to Eurocode. A comparison is presented with respect to the load carrying capacity of a volume module with CLT and a conventional load bearing frame.

This thesis explains basic, usually used constructional terms, describes the rules for drafting the projection drawings and it informs about legislative directives, which acompany every process of construction. It also mentions possibilities of building materials offered on the czech market. The work talks about wooden buildings, about constructions of bricks, enumerates advantages of insulation and presents the types of roofcoverings. It also describes the positives and negatives of classic heating and informs about new alternatives, which use bottomless natural sources. The most expanded windows in our country {--} thus the windows of wood and plastic are mentioned as well in the thesis. It presents some specialist´s opinions of most discussed themes in the building industry, it introduces new trends like thermal pump, solar collector and recuperation. Results of this work contain description of two solutionvariants, valuation of a detached house and determining of necessary construction costs. The thesis includes also a technical report and calculation of energy demands.

The aim of diploma thesis is a design of project for realization of a building of kindergarden construction. Also there are solved suitable disposition for this purpose and design of a bearing structure with a respect to static and thermal part of documentation. Part of kindergarden is designed as day nursery. That means the building is used for care for children in age of 6 months up to 6 years. The kindergarden has three classes with overall capacity of 60 children. The day nursery part of the building has capacity of 12 kids. The building has two floors without basement, groundplan has irregular arched shape with structurally divided parts. A shape and altitude of the building is adapted to vertical alignment of a ground. The main entrances into the building are situated from two height levels of a slope. A residential rooms are situated from southeast to southwest. Part of the building is protected from north by adjacent soil. The structural system of kindergarden is timber. Structurally divided part of day nursery is a combination of hidden reinforce concrete skeleton and lime-sandstone masonry system. A ceiling structure is made of glue laminated timber system. Roofing of the building is solved as vegetational roof with a smooth connection to slope terrain by arched structure. A facade is made as breathable system of timber plates.