Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), February 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-140). / Self-localization of an underwater vehicle is particularly challenging due to the absence of Global Positioning System (GPS) reception or features at known positions that could otherwise have been used for position computation. Thus Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) applications typically require the pre-deployment of a set of beacons.This thesis examines the scenario in which the members of a, group of AUVs exchange navigation information with one another so as to improve their individual position estimates. We describe how the underwater environment poses unique challenges to vehicle navigation not encountered in other environments in which robots operate and how cooperation can improve the performance of self-localization. As intra-vehicle communication is crucial to cooperation, we also address the constraints of the communication channel and the effect that these constraints have on the design of cooperation strategies. The classical approaches to underwater self-localization of a single vehicle, as well as more recently developed techniques are presented. We then examine how methods used for cooperating land-vehicles can be transferred to the underwater domain. An algorithm for distributed self-localization, which is designed to take the specific characteristics of the environment into account, is proposed. We also address how correlated position estimates of cooperating vehicles can lead to overconfidence in individual position estimates. Finally, key to any successful cooperative navigation strategy is the incorporation of the relative positioning between vehicles. The performance of localization algorithms with different geometries is analyzed and a distributed algorithm for the dynamic positioning of vehicles, which serve as dedicated navigation beacons for a fleet of AUVs, is proposed. / by Alexander Bahr. / Ph.D.

In this paper I explore the causal relationship between the strategic economic interdependence advanced by Western democracies after WWII and the "puzzle of participation" in US presidential elections. More specifically, I seek to illustrate first how economic convergence within the West and then the transition from Keynesian to monetarist policy rhetoric reflexively diminish the degree to which US working class voters can realistically petition their elected officials regarding the most salient matters of economic self-interest. My results indicate that from 1948-2004, the working public became more isolated from their most salient economic decisions, voted less often due to heretofore unexplored macroeconomic indicators.

A presença de 14 compostos fenólicos (ácido elágico, ácido gálico, vanilina, siringaldeído, sinapaldeído, coniferaldeído, ácido vanílico , siríngico ácido, a quercetina, trans-resveratrol, catequina, epicatequina, eugenol, e miricetina) e duas cumarinas (escopoletina e cumarina) foi investigada por HPLC-ESI-MSn em um total de 25 extratos de aguardente de seis diferentes madeiras brasileiras e o carvalho, comumente utilizados pela indústria de tanoaria para o envelhecimento da cachaça. Estes dados foram comparados com os anteriormente obtidos utilizando HPLC-DAD-Fluorescência. Questões pendentes relativas à atribuição da epicatequina, co-eluições do ácido gálico e do ácido elagico respectivamente foram resolvidas utilizando HPLC-ESI-MSn. Além disso, elaborou-se uma impressão digital cromatográfica de HPLC-DAD usando a análise quimiométrica (PCA) com base nos perfis de eluição cromatográfica dos extratos monitorizada a 280 nm. As principais diferenças observadas entre o carvalho e as madeiras brasileiras reside nas concentrações de cumarina, catequina, siringaldeído, e coniferaldeído. A análise quimiometrica do perfil do quantitativo dos 14 compostos fenólicos e das duas cumarinas nos extractos de madeira permitiu uma boa diferenciação entre os extratos das madeiras brasileiras e os extratos de carvalho. A impressão digital cromatográfica analisada por PCA revelou diferenças significativas entre as madeiras brasileiras e o carvalho, definindo claramente seis grupos de extratos de madeira: (i) extratos de carvalho, extratos (ii) de jatobá, (iii) cabreúva- parda extratos, (iv) os extratos de amendoim (v) canela-sassafrás e extratos (vi) de pequi. As análises multivariadas de UV-Vis de dados espectrais de 93 extratos de cachaça ,de madeiras brasileiras e de carvalho, forneceu um modelo simples e robusto para classificar cachaças brasileiras de acordo com as espécies de madeira utilizados nos barris de maturação. Aplicação de PCA (Análise de Componentes Principais) e HCA (análise hierárquica de agrupamentos) levou a identificação de 7 agrupamentos; amburana, amendoim, balsamo, castanheira, jatobá, jequitibá e carvalho. A aplicaçao de LDA (Análise Discriminante Linear) aos resultados experimentais permitiu a classificação de 10 diferentes espécies de madeira utilizadas nos extratos de cachaça ;amburana, amendoim, balsamo, cabreúva-parda, canela sassafrás, castanheira, jatobá, jequitibá-rosa, louro-canela, e carvalho, com uma precisão variando de 80% (amendoim e Castanheira) a 100% (bálsamo e jequitibá-rosa). A auto consistência do modelo foi verificada usando 50 amostras de cachaças comerciais. Um índice de classificação muito bom foi observado para este modelo, cuja atribuiçao correta variou de 100% a 80 %. A metodologia aqui desenvolvida (UV-vis) fornece uma alternativa de baixo custo e robusta a cromatografia líquida e a espectrometria de massa para identificar as diferentes espécies de madeira utilizadas nas construções dos barris em que destilados foram armazenados. Além disso, ela contém potencial como uma possível ferramenta forense para a identificação de madeiras objetivando controlar a extração de espécies em risco. Estes desenvolvimentos poderao ser ampliados para outros destilados e para uma maior variedade de espécies de madeira. / A total of 25 sugarcane spirit extracts of six different Brazilian woods and oak, commonly used by cooperage industries for aging cachaça, were analyzed for the presence of 14 phenolic compounds (ellagic acid, gallic acid, vanillin, syringaldehyde, synapaldehyde, coniferaldehyde, vanillic acid, syringic acid, quercetin, trans-resveratrol, catechin, epicatechin, eugenol, and myricetin) and two coumarins (scopoletin and coumarin) by HPLC-ESI-MSn . This data was compared with the previous one obtained from HPLC-DAD-Fluorescence. Pending questions regarding to epicatechin attribution, galic acid and elagic acid co-elution have been solved through HPLC-ESI-MSn analysis. Furthermore, an HPLC-DAD chromatographic fingerprint was build-up using chemometric analysis based on the chromatographic elution profiles of the extracts monitored at 280?nm. The main difference observed among oak and Brazilian woods remains in the concentration of coumarin, catechin, syringaldehyde, and coniferaldehyde. The chemometric analysis of the quantitative profile of the 14 phenolic compounds and two coumarins in the wood extracts provides a good differentiation between the Brazilian wood and oak extracts. The chromatographic fingerprint treated by multivariate analysis revealed significant differences among Brazilian woods themselves and oak, clearly defining six groups of wood extracts: (i) oak extracts, (ii) jatobá extracts, (iii) cabreúva-parda extracts, (iv) amendoim extracts, (v) canela-sassafrás extracts and (vi) pequi extracts.<br /> Multivariate analyses of UV-Vis spectral data from 93 cachaça wood extracts provide a simple and robust model to classify aged Brazilian cachacas according to the wood species used in the maturation barrels. Application of PCA (Principal Components Analysis) and HCA (Hierarchical Cluster Analysis) leads to identification of 7 clusters of cachaca\'s wood extracts (amburana, amendoim, balsamo, castanheira, jatoba, jequitibá and oak). LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis) affords classification of 10 different wood species used in the cachaça extracts (amburana, amendoim, balsamo, cabreuva-parda, canela-sassafras, castanheira, jatobá, jequitiba-rosa, louro-canela, and oak) with an accuracy ranging from 80% (amendoim and castanheira) to 100% (bálsamo and jequitibá-rosa).This model self consistency was checked using 50 samples of commercial cachaças. A very good classification was observed for this model, which 100 to 80% of correct assignment.<br /> The methodology provides a robust low-cost alternative to methods based on liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to classify cachaças aged in barrels that are composed of different wood species. Furthermore, it holds some potential as a possible forensic tool for wood identification which could be applied to control the wood marked of endangered species. Our findings could be extended to other spirits and to a wider variety of wood species.

O setor cervejeiro está em expansão tanto no Brasil quanto no mundo. Nos últimos anos, tem ocorrido uma expansão de microcervejarias que buscam produtos com qualidade diferenciada, atendendo a um número crescente de consumidores mais exigentes. O envelhecimento da cerveja possibilita diversificação e inovação do produto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi acompanhar a evolução na composição química da cerveja envelhecida e a influência sensorial do processo de envelhecimento em barris de dez litros de diferentes madeiras: Carvalho Americano (Quercus alba), Amburana (Amburana cearensis) e Cabreúva (Mycrocarpus frondosus); durante 6 meses. Amostras de cervejas armazenadas em barris de carvalho foram analisadas mensalmente. A comparação das características químicas e sensoriais das cervejas envelhecidas com a cerveja não envelhecida permitiram o conhecimento das modificações ocorridas ao longo do tempo e a determinação da qualidade do produto e características sensoriais. As amostras foram avaliadas mediante análises de indicadores de qualidade de cerveja, tais como grau alcoólico, pH, cor, compostos fenólicos totais e amargor; além de método cromatográfico (CG-DIC) para detalhar perfil de compostos aromáticos da bebida envelhecida. Testes sensoriais holísticos foram aplicados ao final dos processos para avaliação das amostras. Obtiveram-se parâmetros necessários para caracterizar o processo de envelhecimento da cerveja armazenada em barris de diferentes madeiras. O tratamento prévio dos barris garantiu estabilidade microbiológica durante o envelhecimento da cerveja durante os primeiros meses. A evolução da composição geral da cerveja do tipo Barleywine foi distinta em cada madeira, bem como as características sensoriais observadas segundo diferentes metodologias (Napping e Ultraflash profile). As cervejas envelhecidas em madeiras brasileiras se destacaram quanto ao teor de compostos fenólicos totais e diferiram entre si quanto aos parâmetros físico-químicos de coloração e medida de amargor. / The beer industry is expanding both in Brazil and in the world. In recent years microbreweries have been expanding, seeking products with differentiated quality to serve a growing number of discerning consumers. Aging beers enable product diversification and innovation. The objective of this work was to follow the evolution of the chemical composition and the influence on sensory profile of aging beer in ten-litter barrels made of different woods: American oak (Quercus alba), Amburana (Amburana cearensis) and Cabreúva (Mycrocarpus frondosus); during six months. Samples of beers stored in new barrels made of different woods were analyzed monthly. The comparison of chemical and sensorial characteristics between aged and non-aged beer allowed the knowledge of the changes that have occurred over time and the determination of the optimum quality product and sensory aspects. Samples will be evaluated through quality analysis, such as alcohol content, pH, color, total phenolics and bitterness. The profile of congeners and aromatic compounds were analyzed by chromatographic method (GC-FID). Holistic sensory tests were applied at the end of the maturation processes for evaluation of the samples. The barrel previous treatment assured beer microbiological stability during the first months of aging process. General composition evolution of the Barleywine beer was distinct for each wood, as well as sensory characteristics observed through different methods (Napping and Ultraflash profiling). Beers aged in brazilian-wood barrels highlighted regarding their total phenolic contente and differentiated from each other after physic-chemical parameters namely color and bitterness.

A exploração e corte das árvores da floresta tropical Amazônica, especialmente voltada para a extração de madeiras, têm-se intensificado nas últimas décadas. Estima-se que, anualmente, 24 milhões de m³ de madeira em toras sejam extraídas da Floresta Amazônica, dos quais, aproximadamente 15%, são absorvidos já desdobrados pelo mercado do estado de São Paulo. Esta estatística eleva o Estado de São Paulo ao posto de maior consumidor mundial de madeira nativa da Amazônia, perfazendo um total de 3,6 milhões de m³ armazenados e consumidos pelos diversos setores do segmento madeireiro da economia paulista. A necessidade da fiscalização e da regulamentação do comércio de madeiras tropicais impulsionou o Governo do Estado de São Paulo a implantar, em 2007, o Projeto \"São Paulo Amigo da Amazônia\" (SPAA). Por meio do Decreto No. 53.047, de 02 de junho de 2008, institui-se o Cadastro Estadual das Pessoas Jurídicas que comercializam produtos e subprodutos de origem nativa da flora brasileira no estado de São Paulo - o \"CadMadeira\". A fiscalização prevista no Projeto SPAA baseia-se em vistorias às madeireiras cadastradas, a realização da conferência dos Documentos de Origem Florestal (DOF\'s) e a identificação das espécies de madeiras existentes nos seus pátios de armazenamento. Neste contexto, desenvolveu-se um estudo no período de novembro de 2008 a julho de 2011, em 68 empresas de 37 municípios do estado de São Paulo que atuam no segmento madeireiro. Foram coletadas amostras de madeiras e identificadas 90 espécies florestais através de análises macro e microscópicas, sendo elaboradas fichas descritivas para cada uma das espécies. Posteriormente, foi confeccionada uma chave para a identificação das espécies através das características anatômicas macro e microscópicas da madeira. Os resultados da identificação das espécies permitiram apontar 8 agrupamentos de diferentes espécies, cujas madeiras são comercializadas pelo mesmo nome popular sendo, abiú (Chrysophyllum sp; Micropholis sp. e Pouteria sp.), amescla (Protium sp. e Trattinnickia sp.), bacuri (Moronobea pulchra e Platonia insignis), caixeta amarela (Parkia sp. e Simarouba amara), cambará (Qualea sp. e Vochysia sp.), louro pardo (Cordia trichotoma e Nectandra sp.), sucupira (Bowdichia virgilioides e Diplotropis sp.) e tauari (Cariniana micrantha e Couratari guianensis). Os resultados indicaram ainda, que a identificação das espécies florestais por meio da anatomia de suas madeiras é de fundamental importância para o sucesso dos programas de fiscalização e de regulamentação do comércio legal de produtos florestais, em especial o de madeiras, no estado de São Paulo. / The exploitation of the wood, especially in the Amazon region, has increased in the last decades. It is estimated that 24 million m³ of wood in trunk forms are being extracted from the Amazon forest, where approximately 15% are bought by the Paulista\'s market (the consumers from Sao Paulo). This fact makes Sao Paulo the biggest native wood consumer in the world, with a total of 3.6 million m³ distributed in the region, and bought by its diverse economic sectors. The necessity of supervise, check and control this market pushed the Sao Paulo\'s government to create, in 2007, the Project entitled \'Sao Paulo Friends of the Amazon\' (in Portuguese \'Sao Paulo amigo da Amazonia\', SPPA), and the statute 53.047 from 2nd of June 2008 supported this Project. From that, a record of wood sellers in Sao Paulo is created, including records of the products and sub products made from native wood originated from the Brazilian flora (called CADMADEIRA). The supervision performed under this statute consists in checking the wood brought into the Sao Paulo state against their documentation of origin, and the identification of the wood in the buyers\' delivery point. With that in mind, this study was performed between November 2008 and July 2011, where 68 wood buyers\' company were visited, around 37 different regions in the Sao Paulo state. 90 main species of wood were identified, and a sample was collected from each wood for further macro and microscopic analysis. A descriptive file was created for each species, containing macroscopic and microscopic characteristics and details about the main usage of the wood. After that, a recognition chain was created to easily identify the species already catalogued. Using the method developed in this study, it was possible to identify the 8 main species that were being wrongly grouped and being sold under the same name, being: abiú (Chrysophyllum sp; Micropholis sp. e Pouteria sp.), amescla (Protium sp. E Trattinnickia sp.), bacuri (Moronobea pulchra e Platonia insignis), caixeta amarela (Parkia sp. e Simarouba amara), cambará (Qualea sp. e Vochysia sp.), louro pardo (Cordia trichotoma e Nectandra sp.), sucupira (Bowdichia virgilioides e Diplotropis sp.), tauari (Cariniana micrantha e Couratari guianensis). The correct identification of the wood has been shown very important to help the supervision and regulation of the legal commercialization of forest products in the Sao Paulo estate.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2013. / Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references. / Coastal and estuarine environments experience large variability and rapid shifts in pCO₂ levels. Elevated pCO², or ocean acidification, often negatively affects early life stages of calcifying marine invertebrates, including bivalves, but it is unclear which developmental stage is most sensitive. I hypothesized that initial calcification is a critical stage during which high pCO₂ exposure has severe effects on larval growth and development of bay scallop (Argopecten irradians). Using five experiments varying the timing of exposure of embryonic and larval bay scallops to high CO₂, this thesis identifies two distinct stages of development during which exposure to high CO₂/low pH causes different effects on bay scallop larvae. I show that any exposure to high CO₂ consistently reduces survival of bay scallop larvae. I also show that high CO₂ exposure during initial calcification (12-24 h post-fertilization) results in significantly smaller shells, relative to ambient conditions, and this size decrease persists through the first week of development. High CO₂ exposure at 2-12 h post-fertilization (pre-calcification), does not impact shell size, suggesting that the CO₂ impact on size is a consequence of water chemistry during calcification. However, high CO₂ exposure prior to shell formation (2-12 h post-fertilization) causes a high incidence of larval shell deformity, regardless of CO₂ conditions during initial calcification. This impact does not occur in response to high CO₂ exposure after the 2-12 h period. The observations of two critical stages in early development has implications for both field and hatchery populations. If field populations were able to time their spawning to occur during the night, larvae would undergo initial calcification during the daytime, when CO₂ conditions are more favorable, resulting in larger veliger larvae. Hatcheries could invest minimal resources to monitor and modify water chemistry only during the first day of development to ensure larva are exposed to favorable conditions during that critical period. / by Meredith Megan White. / Ph.D.

Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2017. / This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. / Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (pages 169-182). / Protists play important roles in grazing and nutrient recycling, but quantifying these roles has been hindered by difficulties in collecting, culturing, and observing these often-delicate cells. During long-term deployments at the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) (Massachusetts, USA), Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB) made it possible to study live cells in situ without the need to culture or preserve. IFCB records images of cells with chlorophyll fluorescence above a trigger threshold, so taxonomically resolved analysis of protists is limited to mixotrophs and herbivores, which have eaten recently. To overcome this limitation, I coupled a broad-application 'live cell' fluorescent stain with a modified IFCB so that protists which do not contain chlorophyll (such as consumers of unpigmented bacteria and other heterotrophs) can also be recorded. Staining IFCB (IFCB-S) revealed higher abundances of grazers than the original IFCB, as well as some cell types not previously detected. To analyze a 10-year time series of herbivorous ciliates at MVCO and address broad patterns of seasonality of major ciliate classes and their components, I employed a statistical model that estimates a seasonal density pattern and simultaneously accounts for and separates any annual-scale effects. I describe the seasonality of three functional groups: a phototrophic ciliate, a mixotroph, and a group of strict heterotrophs, and comment on potential drivers of these patterns. DNA sequencing has also contributed to the study of protist communities, providing new insight into diversity, predator-prey interactions, and discrepancies between morphologically defined species and genotype. To explore how well IFCB images can be used to detect seasonal community change of the class Spirotrichea, an important and numerous group, I used high-throughput sequencing (HTS), which does not discriminate between chlorophyll-containing cells and the rest of the community. I report on species and genera of ciliates for which morphotype and genotype displayed high congruency. In comparing how well temporal aspects of genotypes and morphotypes correspond, I found that HTS was critical to detect and identify certain ciliates occupying a niche associated with warmer temperatures. I further showed that when these types of analyses are combined with IFCB results, they can provide hypotheses about food preferences. / by Emily Fay Brownlee. / Ph. D.

International monetary and financial crises have punctuated US hegemony since 1945. With US hegemony likely to endure and crises likely to recur, we need to understand how the US reacts to such events: benevolently or exploitatively? Using a case study of US behaviour during the 1969-76 international monetary crisis, this thesis challenges narratives that interpret events in terms of the concentration or deconcentration of power in the US hegemon, and favours an explanation of US behaviours based on the interplay of US domestic politics and international security imperatives. Using a Constructivist definition of hegemony and a neoclassical realist theoretical framework, I analyse the crisis from the perspectives of the international monetary order and system, respectively. I introduce a novel division of Strange’s concept of structural power into its negative and positive components (the power to disrupt or create international structures, respectively). Using these analytical tools, I analyse documents held in the UK and US National archives, President Nixon’s White House tapes and the Bank of England archive. Key and original findings include: - US tactics veered between hegemony by consent and, when that failed to yield the desired results, hegemony through domination; - domination tactics could be brutal, as when President Nixon and his National Security Advisor, Kissinger, tried to wreck European integration by destroying its first attempt at monetary union. Their intention was to advance the US’ security agenda by weakening EEC states; - Kissinger intervened in the Committee of Twenty’s negotiations to delay agreement on international monetary reform (despite the US being on the verge of achieving its objectives) until European states had acceded to what he wanted on security in the “Year of Europe” negotiations. Delay killed US plans to return to fixed exchange rates; - hegemonic stability theory-based explanations of events are challenged by the US terminating its Bretton Woods regime, persuading follower states to introduce generalised floating and blocking international monetary reform; - structural Realist and Marxist narratives of the crisis are challenged, inter alia, by President Ford abandoning Nixon’s attempts to strengthen US hegemony in favour of a laissez-faire solution to the international monetary crisis; - the decisions creating the basis of a neoliberal international monetary order (the introduction of floating exchange rates and free capital mobility) were taken for US international security or domestic political reasons, as neoclassical realism theory would predict. These decisions had profound economic consequences, but were not taken for economic reasons.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Emilia Mendonca.pdf: 977680 bytes, checksum: 3fad3ecb9ba92b8079d26a0da8da09a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study deals with some of the contributions made by English psychoanalyst and pediatrician Donald Woods Winnicott to the field of psychomotricity and somatic education. The theoretical aspect and area of operation of these emerging disciplines are presented as well as the use of concepts from traditional psychoanalysis and, in an asymptomatic manner, winnicottian concepts. By introducing as of yet unanswered problems in this field, an attempt was made to show the most appropriate winnicottian concepts to illuminate these issues using indications made by Winnicott himself. Professional / patient and professor / student relationships are addressed underscoring that traditional psychoanalysis theories are not sufficient to help the professional in the treatment of individuals with body-related difficulties. The paradigmatic change operated by Winnicott in psychoanalysis and his re-description of the initial stages of primitive emotional development with an emphasis on the continuity of the being were pointed out as a new horizon for psychomotricity as well. At the same time, the constitution of somatic education was handled as an emerging discipline. Interdisciplinarity in and of itself was shown to be insufficient to handle the transposition of theories from one discipline to another or adequate as a methodological resource to examine the current stage of development of somatic education. The trajectory of the birth of a discipline was outlined using Thomas Kuhn s theories, which also helped to show the need to respect the historical development of theories. The Kuhnian concept of a discipline matrix was used to show an initial chart for the somatic education disciplinary matrix. The concept of body language was used as a link between the three disciplines studied revealing there are many compatible concepts between them and the need for a more in-depth investigation. The need for the disciplines in question to strengthen their theoretical aspects related to knowledge about primitive emotional development and the psychosomatic partnership to be used in somatopsychic and psychosomatic cases was ascertained. Winnicott s personal maturing theory was introduced as a perspective to be considered / Esta pesquisa trata de algumas contribuições do psicanalista e pediatra inglês Donald Woods Winnicott para o campo da psicomotricidade e da educação somática. É apresentado o quadro teórico e a área de atuação destas nascentes disciplinas ao lado do uso feito por elas de conceitos oriundos da psicanálise tradicional e de modo assistemático também de conceitos winnicottianos. Explicitando os problemas ainda sem resposta neste campo se buscou apresentar quais seriam os conceitos winnicottianos mais apropriados para iluminar essas questões a partir das indicações feitas pelo próprio Winnicott. São abordados aspectos do relacionamento profissional / paciente e professor / aluno destacando que as teorias da psicanálise tradicional não são suficientes para ajudar o profissional no trato de indivíduos com dificuldades relativas a seu corpo. Apontou-se que a mudança paradigmática operada por Winnicott na psicanálise e sua re-descrição dos estágios iniciais do desenvolvimento emocional primitivo com ênfase na continuidade de ser franqueou um novo horizonte também para as disciplinas deste estudo. Paralelamente tratou-se da constituição da educação somática como uma disciplina emergente. Foi colocado em evidência que a interdisciplinaridade por si só não dá conta da transposição de teorias de uma disciplina para outra nem se mostra adequada como recurso metodológico para examinar o estágio de desenvolvimento atual da educação somática. Traçou-se o percurso do nascimento de uma disciplina por intermédio das teorias de Thomas Kuhn que auxiliaram também a mostrar a necessidade de se respeitar o desenvolvimento histórico das teorias. O conceito kuhniano de paradigma serviu para iluminar um quadro inicial da matriz disciplinar da educação somática. Foi usado o conceito de imagem corporal como elo de ligação entre as três disciplinas estudadas mostrando-se que existem muitos conceitos compatíveis entre elas e a necessidade de serem aprofundados. Constatou-se a necessidade da educação somática fortalecer seu quadro teórico relativo aos conhecimentos sobre o desenvolvimento emocional primitivo e sobre a parceria psicossomática para atender os casos somatopsíquicos e psicossomáticos. A teoria do amadurecimento pessoal de Winnicott foi apresentada como uma perspectiva a ser considerada.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:40:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Liciana Aparecida Cabral Caneschi.pdf: 2057775 bytes, checksum: e4ed293f751ca179e6bbf1a89201c14a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Within the Psychology studies, the issue of adolescence is gathering more and more space in recent times and, therefore, Clinic has been modified to understand the demands brought from this social group. Adolescence is no longer understood only as a moment of remaking the conflicts from childhood, It´s considering also its particular and unprecedented issues. In addition, the variety of youth manifestations induce Clinic and institutions to be always alert to new forms of communication and sociability of this group. Following this perspective, this work investigates a youth tribe composed by adolescents who are fans of animês and mangás (Japanese cartoons and comics) and, by means of this group, understand more about game and playing in the period of adolescence. This works aims at investigating specificities that playing acquires in adolescence, assuming as main code the mangás, animês and games that arises from them, understanding it all as practices belonging to the same youth tribe - as well as investigate the ways the adolescent self can be manifested through these games. Thus, this study was arranged as a participant research. All the sources talks especially to the Winnicott theory regarding adolescence and playing. Through this research, it was possible to realize that, in the potential space constituted by these adolescents, we see sharing, communication, creation, establishment of relations and a continuous influence among different potential spaces, which extrapolates the area of the own tribe and ultimately influence the culture abroad its belonging. Thereby, it is possible to realize that the adolescents have the desire to occupy varied spaces and institutions of the city, to open themselves to other spaces to be habited on their own way. Fight, escape and flee are verbs quite recurrent in their games and show that It might be the best strategy for the construction of their own refuge. At the moment, the adolescent is in a serious fight against the subordination and he is constantly besieged by the question: "which refuge do people want me to build?" Connected to this, it is also present in the adolescent game a very important element: hope. Hope to be an author, hero and protagonist of their own history. Creating, building and dressing other linen, painting their hair, wearing different adornments, the adolescent says good bye to its childhood and debut in an adult world, motivated to escape a subordination imposed to him / Dentro da Psicologia, o tema da adolescência vem ganhando cada vez mais espaço nos últimos tempos e, consequentemente, a clínica tem sido modificada para compreender as demandas trazidas por esse grupo social. A adolescência vem deixando de ser entendida apenas como um momento de reedição dos conflitos da infância e passando a ser vista também com suas questões particulares e inéditas. Além disso, a própria variedade de expressões juvenis faz com que a clínica e as instituições precisem estar sempre atentas às novas formas de comunicação e sociabilidade deste grupo. Seguindo essa perspectiva, este trabalho procurou investigar uma tribo juvenil composta por adolescentes fãs de animês e mangás (desenhos animados e histórias em quadrinhos japoneses) e, por meio dela, conhecer um pouco sobre o jogo e o brincar neste momento da adolescência. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar as especificidades que o brincar adquire na adolescência tendo como chave de leitura os mangás, animês e os jogos decorrentes deles, entendendo-os como práticas pertencentes a uma mesma tribo juvenil, assim como investigar que feições do self adolescente podemos vislumbrar por meio desses jogos. Para isso, este estudo foi organizado a partir da modalidade de pesquisa participante e dialogou especialmente com o referencial teórico winnicottiano a respeito da adolescência e do jogo. Por meio desta investigação foi possível perceber que, no espaço potencial constituído por esses adolescentes, há compartilhamento, comunicação, criação, constituição de relações e um movimento de influência contínua entre diferentes espaços potenciais, o que acaba por extrapolar o limite da própria tribo e influencia a cultura mais ampla da qual ela faz parte. Com isso, é possível perceber ainda que os adolescentes possuem o desejo de ocupar variados espaços e instituições da cidade, para assim abrirem-se a outras realidades que devem ser habitadas ao seu modo. Lutar, escapar e fugir são verbos bastante recorrentes em seus jogos e mostram que neles estão as melhores estratégias para a construção de sua própria morada. Neste momento, o adolescente se vê em um sério combate com a submissão e está constantemente cercado pela pergunta: Que casa querem que eu construa? Acompanhado disso, é também presente no jogo adolescente um elemento muito importante: a esperança. Esperança em poder ser autor, herói e protagonista de sua própria história. Criando, construindo e vestindo outras roupas, pintando seus cabelos, colocando diferentes adereços, o adolescente despede-se da infância e estréia no mundo adulto motivado para escapar à submissão que lhe é imposta