Volvo Penta has been producing boat engines since 1907 and are world leading in this seg­ment. They have today an extended range and also sell industrial power stations. Quality, safe­ty and environmental care are three core values for Volvo and together they strive to give their customers the right product with the right quality. Volvo has developed a production system named Volvo Production System, VPS, and one of the pillars is continuous improvements. Within this pillar you can find value stream map­ping, which is used to analyze the value stream through the process. This tool gives a wide perspective and helps to keep focus on the entire process instead of just parts of it. Volvo Penta in Vara has earlier done value stream mapping but without good results since they didn’t take set-up times and imbalances in account. Therefore Penta wanted a guide for how they should proceed the process in the future. For that reason this thesis work’s goal is to provide work instructions on value stream mapping for Penta. To approach the goal studies of value stream mapping and three interviews with com­panies were done. These factors resulted in work instructions which were tested in a case study. To develop the work instruction, operators from the process joined to give inputs and to help out in the discussions for improvements. Before the final work instruction was set, a connection to Cost Deployment were completed. The final results of this thesis work were a checklist with a manual, a toolbox and a note template. These tools were handed over to Volvo Penta in Vara with recommendations for future work. Some of the recommendations were that they should implement the work instruction as a standard and test it on different value streams. / Volvo Penta är ett företag som har tillverkat båtmotorer sedan 1907, men idag tillverkar de även drivsystem för industriellt bruk. Fabriken som ligger i Vara tillverkar endast driv­system för marint bruk av följande varianter; D4, D6 och D3. Kvalitet, säkerhet och miljöhänsyn är Volvo Pentas kärnvärden och detta är grunden för per­sonalens arbetssätt, produktutveckling samt hur de bemöter sina kunder. Genom att utgå ifrån Volvo Production System, VPS, strävar företaget efter sina kärnvärden. En av grundstenarna i VPS är ständiga förbättringar och där ingår arbetet med värde­flödes­ana­lyser, som innebär en studie kring andelen värdeskapande tid i förhållande till den totala tiden. Genom att analysera värdeflödet utifrån kunden fås en helhetsbild och slöserier samt ba­lans­eringsförluster blir synliga och kan sedan elimineras. Då fokus ska ligga på det totala flödet kan en vision om att nå det önskvärda framtida tillståndet bildas. Volvo Penta i Vara har tidigare gjort en värdeflödesanalys, VFA, men den blev inte kom­plett då hänsyn enbart hade tagits till takttider. Viktiga parametrar såsom ställtider, slöserier och obalanser hade blivit utelämnade. Företaget gav därför ut ett uppdrag till två studenter från Högskolan Väst med syfte att ta fram ett arbetssätt för hur en VFA ska göras samt ta reda på om Cost Deployment, CD, kan kopplas till teorin om VFA. Utifrån insamlade teorier kring VFA och utförda intervjuer, med två företag samt en anställd på Volvo Penta som arbetat med denna metodik, kunde författarna sammanställa ett arbetssätt. Arbetssättet testades vid en fall­studie då en övergripande VFA över hela fabriken gjordes. Därefter diskuterades arbets­sättet och de förbättringar som togs fram testades vid utformande av VFA på detaljerad nivå. Det slutgiltliga arbetssättet bestod utav en checklista med en beskrivande lathund som ska underlätta datainsamlingen. Även en verktygslåda har tagit fram som hjälp vid sammanställning av VFA:n. Det sammanställda arbetssättet överlämnades till Volvo Penta i Vara med rekommendationer för framtida arbete. Dessa rekommendationer var bland annat att införa arbetssättet som en standard och testa det på andra delar av flödet.

Le thème de cette thèse est la prescription industrieuse. Les évolutions de la « prescription » révèlent une tension entre une double articulation : construite dans les formes successives d'organisations de la vie sociale, elle est cependant constamment traversée par le fait que c'est le destin de l'humanité d'être toujours en proie à des débats de normes. Si le travail renvoie fondamentalement à l'activité créatrice et technicienne immémoriale sans laquelle nous ne serions pas qui nous sommes, la thèse fait l'hypothèse que l'on n'a pas tiré tous les bénéfices pour les usages sociaux et scientifiques de la découverte d'un travail réel. Une première partie pose les jalons théoriques de la thèse anthropologique selon laquelle l'activité humaine est toujours « débat de normes » et la situe dans une histoire récente. La deuxième partie propose deux détours, l'un portant sur le rapport entre machine et organisme, l'autre, paléontologique situant une spécificité de la technique humaine dans la taille de roches dures. Une troisième partie retrace à travers quelques tableaux historiques choisis des éléments d'évolution de la prescription industrieuse. Une dernière partie propose un exemple de retravail des prescriptions à partir de l'expérience d'un groupe de rencontre du travail consacré à l'activité des infirmiers de secteur psychiatrique. L'ensemble est une réflexion philosophique et épistémologique sur la prescription industrieuse centrée sur une approche anthropologique de l'activité industrieuse humaine. / This thesis deals about work instruction. The evolution of “work instruction” reveals a tension between a double anticipation: built on the successive forms of social organisations, it is constantly traversed by the fact that humanity's destiny is always in the grip of debates of norms. If work refers fundamentally to the immemorial creative and technical activity without which we would not be who we are, this thesis makes the hypothesis that we have not taken all advantages from the discovery of real work regarding its social and scientific use. First, we will expose the anthropologic theory showing that human activity is always a debate of norms and located in a recent history. Next, we will propose two detours, one on the relation between machine and organism, the second on palaeontology, situating the specificity of human technique in shaping hard rock. Then, we will tell a few selected stories of elements of the evolution of work instruction. Finally, we will propose an example of adapting work instructions from the point of view of a working group of nurses in the psychiatric sector. On the whole, it is a philosophical and epistemic thought on work instruction focusing at an anthropological approach of human industrious activity.

This study attempts to determine what use should be made of art metal work in the junior high school. It attempts to determine whether art metal work should be offered strictly as art metal, as combinations of art metal and wrought iron, or as combinations of art metal and wood, from the standpoint both of the child and of the ultimate aim of Industrial Arts. The ultimate aim or objective of Industrial Arts is to provide such training as that of general education, which will best equip for efficient membership society. Broadly speaking, all the offerings of the Industrial Arts field contribute in some measure to the attainment of the ultimate objective. It is the purpose of this study (1) to present an analysis of the field of art metal work from the standpoint of the Industrial Arts; (2) to determine the use which should be made of art metal work in the junior high school, as indicated by a group of Demonstration School students; and, (3) to present problems and related information pertaining to art metal work, as indicated by a group of Demonstration School students. After having summarized the problem, conclusions gathered from the investigation will be given in concise form as to the findings thereof.

This is a master thesis done in the program of industrial design engineering at Luleå University ofTechnology, conducted during the spring of 2021. The project is a collaboration with Epiroc RockDrills AB which is a leading global company in the mining industries, and the workshop in which thisthesis is made manufactures and assembles rock drills sold worldwide. The aim of this thesis is toincrease the utilization of three lathes in the workshop that are often left unused when theiroperators have to leave the machines to perform other tasks. This is due to short operation timesthat require the operator to be present.The project follows a cyclic method in order to force the work forward without worrying aboutmissing information. There were three cycles with different aim. In the first cycle, the focus was onplanning the project and mapping the current state. In the second, a requirement specification wasmade and concepts were created. These concepts were further developed in the third cycle. Finally arecommendation was made.The current state was mapped using different methods like interviews and spaghetti diagram. Thesemethods showed that the lathes were unused mainly during setups, and that setups were timeconsuming due to equipment being placed far away from the lathes. The result showed that manyproblems could be related to bad layout design and lack of standardized work. In order to create abetter layout for the operators, a relationship chart was made and several suggestions constructedbased on it. The purpose of the layout changes was to get necessary equipment closer to the lathesin order for the setups to be performed faster. All suggestions were compared to the requirementspecification and only three were further developed during the third cycle.The lean tool SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die) was used to create a standard for setups. Thisstandard was further developed into a work instruction to be better visualized for the operators.The final recommendation is to make layout changes according to one of the layouts presented inthis report, and to implement the work instruction. These changes will increase the utilization bypreparing as much as possible before the lathe is tuned off.