Spelling suggestions: "subject:"wrongly""
41 |
The Great Divide : Ableism And Technologies Of Disability ProductionCampbell, Fiona Anne Kumari January 2003 (has links)
Subjects designated by the neologism 'disability' typically experience various forms of marginality, discrimination and inequality. The response by social scientists and professionals engaged in social policy and service delivery has been to combat the 'disability problem' by way of implementing anti-discrimination protections and various other compensatory initiatives. More recently, with the development of biological and techno-sciences such as 'new genetics', nanotechnologies and cyborgs the solution to 'disability' management has been in the form of utilizing technologies of early detection, eradication or at best, technologies of mitigation. Contemporary discourses of disablement displace and disconnect discussion away from the 'heart of the problem', namely, matters ontological. Disability - based marginality is assumed to emerge from a set of pre-existing conditions (i.e. in the case of biomedicalisation, deficiency inheres in the individual, whilst in the Social Model disablement is created by a capitalist superstructure). The Great Divide takes an alternative approach to studying 'the problem of disability' by proposing that the neologism 'disability' is in fact created by and used to generate notions and epistemologies of 'ableism'. Whilst epistemologies of disablement are well researched, there is a paucity of research related to the workings of ableism. The focal concerns of The Great Divide relate to matters of ordering, disorder and constitutional compartmentalization between the normal and pathological and the ways that discourses about wholeness, health, enhancement and perfection produce notions of impairment. A central argument of this dissertation figures the production of disability as part of the tussle over ordering, emerging from a desire to create order from an assumed disorder; resulting in a flimsy but often unconvincing attempt to shore up so-called optimal ontologies and disperse outlaw ontologies. The Great Divide examines ways 'disability' rubs up against, mingles with and provokes other seemingly unrelated concepts such as wellness, ableness, perfection, competency, causation, productivity and use value. The scaffolding of the dissertation directs the reader to selected sites that produce epistemologies of disability and ableism, namely the writing of 'history' and Judeo-Christian renderings of Disability. It explores the nuances of ableism (including a case study of wrongful life torts in law) and the phenomenon of internalized ableism as experienced by many disabled people. The study of liberalism and the government of government are explored in terms of enumeration, the science of 'counting cripples' and the battles over defining 'disability' in law and social policy. Additionally another axis of ableism is explored through the study of a number of perfecting technologies and the way in which these technologies mediate what it means to be 'human' (normalcy), morphs/simulates 'normalcy' and the leakiness of 'disability'. This analysis charts the invention of forearms transplantation (a la Clint Hallam), the Cochlear implant and transhumanism. The Great Divide concludes with an inversion of the ableist gaze(s) by proposing an ethic of affirmation, a desiring ontology of impairment.
|
42 |
"I Believe in Living": A Curriculum of Black Life Amid the Social Death of the American Prison StateMcMillian, Rachel Diann 19 July 2021 (has links)
No description available.
|
43 |
Perceived Black Criminality and its Impact on Contributors to Wrongful Convictions in Cases of African American MenLattner, Elizabeth Jane 23 September 2020 (has links)
No description available.
|
44 |
Eyewitness Testimony, False Confession, and Human Performance Technology: An Examination of Wrongful ConvictionsJohnson, Terry L. January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
|
45 |
Correction of miscarriages of justice in New Zealand and EnglandBirdling, Malcolm David January 2012 (has links)
This thesis sets out to provide a deep analysis of the mechanisms for review of convictions in New Zealand and England after initial appeal rights are exhausted, and to identify the key areas of similarity and difference between these systems, the reasons for these differences, and their implications. The appeal systems in each jurisdiction are briefly examined, alongside the pressures and restrictions on their functioning. Particular attention is paid to the options for appeal out of time, and for revisiting appeal decisions if new material comes to light. The main discussion is of the specialist procedures for review of suspect convictions in each jurisdiction: the Royal Prerogative of Mercy process carried out by the New Zealand Ministry of Justice and the work of the English Criminal Cases Review Commission. This discussion presents the results of empirical research carried out by the author utilising the files of each of these bodies. It investigates the legal context in which each body functions, and provides an account of how each body functions in practice, by examining the circumstances in which each body will contemplate referring a matter back to an appeal court and the means by which a determination is made as to whether to do so in an individual case. In addition it examines the various factors (legal and non-legal) which impact on their work. Finally, the key features of the two systems are contrasted, with a discussion of the areas of similarity and difference, as well as the possible implications of these, in particular for reform of the New Zealand processes.
|
46 |
L'admission des confessions et le risque d'erreur judiciaire : toute vérité est-elle bonne à dire ?Gélinas, Louis 08 1900 (has links)
"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise en droit (LL.M.)" / L'étude de notre common Law révèle que les tribunaux canadiens et anglais ont
constamment été appelés à décider de l'admissibilité d'éléments de preuve impliquant la
participation de l'accusé à la détermination de sa culpabilité. Qu'il s'agisse des
confessions obtenues auprès d'un suspect lors de l'interrogatoire policier, ou du
témoignage rendu par un accusé dans le cours du processus judiciaire (par exemple lors
du procès d'un complice ou d'un premier procès dont le verdict a été annulé par la cour
d'appel), on constate que l'État a régulièrement tenté de prouver la culpabilité d'un
accusé par le biais de ses propres aveux. On tente généralement de justifier le recours à
cette méthode d'obtention de la preuve en invoquant que les aveux faits par un accusé
sont de loin la meilleure preuve de sa culpabilité et donc, qu'ils aident le juge des faits à
découvrir la vérité. Il appert toutefois qu'au fil des années, l'État a souvent abusé de ce
pouvoir et que des condamnations ainsi obtenues l'ont parfois été au mépris des droits
des accusés, notamment le droit à un procès juste et équitable et le droit encore plus
fondamental de ne pas être contraint à fournir contre sa volonté une preuve de nature à
établir sa culpabilité dans son propre procès. De plus, les nombreuses erreurs judiciaires
mises à jour au cours de dernières années au Canada démontrent clairement que des
verdicts de culpabilité ont aussi été erronément prononcés contre des accusés sur la foi
de confessions qui se sont révélées plus tard être fausses. Pour cette raison, il apparaît
important de déterminer si ce moyen de preuve est toujours légitime aujourd'hui, en
regard de deux des grandes théories du droit pénal: la «théorie de la gestion des
risques» et la «théorie de la justice» ou de l'équité du procès. De façon plus générale,
cette étude cherche à répondre à la question suivante: en droit criminel canadien, la fin
(recherche de la Vérité) justifie-t-elle tous les moyens employés pour la découvrir? / The study of our "common Law" reveals that the Canadian and English courts
were constantly called upon in order to decide on the admissibility of elements of proof
involving the participation of the defendant in the assertion of his guilt. Whether it is
confessions obtained from a suspect during a police interrogation, or the testimony
given by a defendant during the course ofthe legal process (for example, at the time of a
trial of an accomplice or a first trial for which the verdict was cancelled by a court of
appeal), we notice that the State regularly tried to prove the guilt of a defendant by way
of his own statements. We generally try to justify the recourse to this method of
obtaining proof by invoking that the statements made by a defendant are by far the best
proof of his guilt and thus help the judge to uncover the truth. It appears, however, that
over the years the State often abused this power and that ensuing convictions were
sometimes obtained with a disregard of the rights of the defendants; in particular, the
right to a fair trial and the right even more fundamental not to be constrained to provide
against his will, a proof likely to establish his guilt in his own trial. In addition, many
legal updates in the recent years in Canada c1early show that verdicts of guilt were also
incorrectly pronounced against defendants on the faith of confessions which were later
proved to he false. As such, it appears important to determine ifthis type ofproofretains
its legitimacy today in regards to two of the great theories of criminallaw: the "Theory
of Risk Management" and the "Theory of Justice" or the equity of the trial. More
generally, this study seeks to answer the following question: "In Canadian criminallaw,
does the end (search for the truth) justify the means used to uncover it?"
|
47 |
The Influence of Population on Wrongful ConvictionsWhittington, Kari 12 1900 (has links)
With criminal cases continuing to be exonerated across the United States, research must be done on the subject to advance current practices to reduce its occurrence in the future. This study combines county population data with the National Registry of Exonerations to analyze the contributing factors to wrongful convictions and the possible effect of population on their frequency. The objective of this study was to identify specific policy changes based on the five contributing factors to wrongful convictions that could be applied to population specific areas. The results yielded multiple patterns that are discussed thoroughly. These findings allowed the introduction of policy changes and proposals for future research.
|
48 |
Povinnost členů volených orgánů a dalších osob odvracet hrozicí úpadek obchodní korporace a důsledky jejího porušení / Duty of members of elected bodies and other persons to prevent threatened insolvency of business corporation and consequences of breach of the dutyBeneš, Tomáš January 2019 (has links)
Duty of members of elected bodies and other persons to prevent threatened insolvency of business corporation and consequences of breach of the duty Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the area of civil, commercial and insolvency law. It focuses in particular on the duty of directors of a business corporation and other persons to prevent threatened insolvency with emphasis on the legal regulation of the consequences of breach of such duty. This diploma thesis is divided into four main chapters, where the most important one is the second chapter. The chapters in the diploma thesis flow continuously and logically which facilitates the reader's orientation in the subject. The first chapter defines the basic terms related to the discussed topic which are subsequently used throughout the diploma thesis. Emphasis is placed on the duty of care, whose breach is a prerequisite for the application of the sanctions described in the second chapter. The second chapter deals with the consequences of the breach of the duty to prevent threatened insolvency. The consequences are analysed in detail and the issues over which the legal consensus is missing are set out in the analysis. Different views on these uncertain points in the legislation are set out, and the thesis takes a critical approach in this matter and...
|
49 |
Wrongful Convictions as a Result of Public Defender Representation.Ross, Annie Elizabeth 18 December 2010 (has links)
Our criminal justice system works very hard to prevent criminals from harming other individuals; however, unfortunately mistakes happen. One wrongful conviction is one too many. There are multiple factors that can be assumed to be the cause of wrongful convictions. However, due to the lack of directly related research, the determents are not well established. The following research addresses wrongful convictions as a result of public defender representation. Through the process of theory construction, the research uses critical race theory and social disorganization theory to show the relationship between court appointed representation and wrongful convictions. A new theory is also established that is referred to as the partial load reduction theory. This theory establishes the relationship that exists between wrongful convictions and public defender representation and provides solutions as well as new avenues for future research.
|
50 |
L'admission des confessions et le risque d'erreur judiciaire : toute vérité est-elle bonne à dire ?Gélinas, Louis 08 1900 (has links)
L'étude de notre common Law révèle que les tribunaux canadiens et anglais ont
constamment été appelés à décider de l'admissibilité d'éléments de preuve impliquant la
participation de l'accusé à la détermination de sa culpabilité. Qu'il s'agisse des
confessions obtenues auprès d'un suspect lors de l'interrogatoire policier, ou du
témoignage rendu par un accusé dans le cours du processus judiciaire (par exemple lors
du procès d'un complice ou d'un premier procès dont le verdict a été annulé par la cour
d'appel), on constate que l'État a régulièrement tenté de prouver la culpabilité d'un
accusé par le biais de ses propres aveux. On tente généralement de justifier le recours à
cette méthode d'obtention de la preuve en invoquant que les aveux faits par un accusé
sont de loin la meilleure preuve de sa culpabilité et donc, qu'ils aident le juge des faits à
découvrir la vérité. Il appert toutefois qu'au fil des années, l'État a souvent abusé de ce
pouvoir et que des condamnations ainsi obtenues l'ont parfois été au mépris des droits
des accusés, notamment le droit à un procès juste et équitable et le droit encore plus
fondamental de ne pas être contraint à fournir contre sa volonté une preuve de nature à
établir sa culpabilité dans son propre procès. De plus, les nombreuses erreurs judiciaires
mises à jour au cours de dernières années au Canada démontrent clairement que des
verdicts de culpabilité ont aussi été erronément prononcés contre des accusés sur la foi
de confessions qui se sont révélées plus tard être fausses. Pour cette raison, il apparaît
important de déterminer si ce moyen de preuve est toujours légitime aujourd'hui, en
regard de deux des grandes théories du droit pénal: la «théorie de la gestion des
risques» et la «théorie de la justice» ou de l'équité du procès. De façon plus générale,
cette étude cherche à répondre à la question suivante: en droit criminel canadien, la fin
(recherche de la Vérité) justifie-t-elle tous les moyens employés pour la découvrir? / The study of our "common Law" reveals that the Canadian and English courts
were constantly called upon in order to decide on the admissibility of elements of proof
involving the participation of the defendant in the assertion of his guilt. Whether it is
confessions obtained from a suspect during a police interrogation, or the testimony
given by a defendant during the course ofthe legal process (for example, at the time of a
trial of an accomplice or a first trial for which the verdict was cancelled by a court of
appeal), we notice that the State regularly tried to prove the guilt of a defendant by way
of his own statements. We generally try to justify the recourse to this method of
obtaining proof by invoking that the statements made by a defendant are by far the best
proof of his guilt and thus help the judge to uncover the truth. It appears, however, that
over the years the State often abused this power and that ensuing convictions were
sometimes obtained with a disregard of the rights of the defendants; in particular, the
right to a fair trial and the right even more fundamental not to be constrained to provide
against his will, a proof likely to establish his guilt in his own trial. In addition, many
legal updates in the recent years in Canada c1early show that verdicts of guilt were also
incorrectly pronounced against defendants on the faith of confessions which were later
proved to he false. As such, it appears important to determine ifthis type ofproofretains
its legitimacy today in regards to two of the great theories of criminallaw: the "Theory
of Risk Management" and the "Theory of Justice" or the equity of the trial. More
generally, this study seeks to answer the following question: "In Canadian criminallaw,
does the end (search for the truth) justify the means used to uncover it?" / "Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise en droit (LL.M.)"
|
Page generated in 0.0267 seconds