Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le domaine du Smart Grid. Les SGs améliorent la sécurité des réseaux électriques et permettent une utilisation adaptée de l'énergie disponible de manière limitée. Ils augmentent également l'efficacité énergétique globale en réduisant la consommation. L'utilisation de cette technologie est la solution la plus appropriée car elle permet une gestion plus efficace de l'énergie. Dans ce contexte, des compagnies comme Hydro-Québec déploient des réseaux de capteurs pour contrôler les principaux équipements. Pour réduire les coûts de déploiement et la complexité du câblage, un réseau de capteurs semble être une solution optimale. Cependant, son déploiement nécessite une connaissance approfondie de l'environnement. Les postes à haute tension sont des points stratégiques du réseau électrique et génèrent un bruit impulsif qui dégrade les performances des communications sans fil. Les travaux dans cette thèse sont centrés sur le développement de protocoles de communication performants dans ces milieux fortement perturbés. Nous avons proposé une première approche basée sur la concaténation du code à métrique de rang et le code convolutif avec la modulation OFDM. C'est une technique très efficace pour réduire l'effet du bruit impulsif tout en ayant un niveau de complexité assez faible. Une autre solution basée sur un système multi-antennaire est développée. Nous avons aussi proposé un système MIMO coopératif codé en boucle fermée basée sur le code à métrique de rang et le précodeur max-dmin. La deuxième technique est également une solution optimale pour améliorer la fiabilité du système et réduire la consommation énergétique dans les réseaux de capteurs. / This thesis is mainly in the Smart Grid domain. SGs improve the safety of electrical networks and allow a more adapted use of electricity storage, available in a limited way. SGs also increase overall energy efficiency by reducing peak consumption. The use of this technology is the most appropriate solution because it allows more efficient energy management. In this context, manufacturers such as Hydro-Quebec deploy sensor networks in the nerve centers to control major equipment. To reduce deployment costs and cabling complexity, the option of a wireless sensor network seems the most obvious solution. However, deploying a sensor network requires in-depth knowledge of the environment. High voltages substations are strategic points in the power grid and generate impulse noise that can degrade the performance of wireless communications. The works in this thesis are focused on the development of high performance communication protocols for the profoundly disturbed environments. For this purpose, we have proposed an approach based on the concatenation of rank metric and convolutional coding with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. This technique is very efficient in reducing the bursty nature of impulsive noise while having a quite low level of complexity. Another solution based on a multi-antenna system is also designed. We have proposed a cooperative closed-loop coded MIMO system based on rank metric code and max-dmin precoder. The second technique is also an optimal solution for both improving the reliability of the system and energy saving in wireless sensor networks.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-02-19T18:35:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 THIAGO DE ALMEIDA CORREIA.pdf: 4124942 bytes, checksum: 5f6dc7a856830e61da5524f9c2986e14 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-19T18:35:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 THIAGO DE ALMEIDA CORREIA.pdf: 4124942 bytes, checksum: 5f6dc7a856830e61da5524f9c2986e14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-15 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas ? PUC Campinas / This document presents a planning and communication strategy in wireless sensor networks for the real-time detection of forest fires. Wireless sensor networks, even being a low-cost technology, can be used for risk applications such as in the forest fire prevention and detection, effectively compared to other technologies more expensive. They can also be used in the monitoring of information that could contribute to diagnose the cause of a particular forest fire. The communication strategy was implemented in a wireless sensor network installed in a eucalyptus forest. In addition to the communication strategy, this project carried out a physical planning of the area, to locate the best points of installation of the sensor nodes. In both tests were used radio modules operating at 915 MHz. The geographic localization of each radio module was planned based on the intensity of the signal received by each module and considering its position within a mesh topology. The effectiveness of the communication strategy was measured through the PER and the average delay. The robustness of the strategy in case of radio module failure were also investigated and evaluated. / No presente trabalho ? apresentada uma estrat?gia comunica??o em redes de sensores sem fio para a detec??o em tempo real de inc?ndios florestais. Redes de sensores sem fios mesmo sendo uma tecnologia de baixo custo, podem ser utilizadas para aplica??es de risco como na preven??o e detec??o de inc?ndios florestais, de forma eficaz comparada com outras tecnologias mais caras. Elas tamb?m podem ser utilizadas na coleta de informa??es contribuindo em diagnosticar a causa de um determinado inc?ndio florestal. A estrat?gia de comunica??o foi implementada em uma rede de sensores sem fio instalada dentro de uma floresta de eucalipto. Al?m da estrat?gia de comunica??o este projeto realizou um planejamento f?sico da ?rea, para localizar os melhores pontos de instala??o dos n?s sensores. Para ambos os testes foram utilizados m?dulos de r?dio operando em 915 MHz. O posicionamento geogr?fico de cada m?dulo de r?dio foi planejado baseando-se na intensidade do sinal recebido por cada m?dulo e considerando o seu posicionamento dentro de uma topologia em malha. A efic?cia da estrat?gia de comunica??o foi mensurada atrav?s dos par?metros: taxa de perda de pacotes, atraso m?dio da coleta e processamento dos pacotes. A robustez da estrat?gia perante falhas do m?dulo de r?dio, tamb?m foi investigada e avaliada.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:31:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIEL ADORNO GOMES-2.pdf: 6264883 bytes, checksum: cca792dc8793e5981e4202615260916c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-26 / This paper presents a proposal for architecture for interconnection of wireless sensor networks and the Internet using only the application layer, without the need to change the protocol stack of both networks. The architecture is based on the HTTP protocol, proposing the use of web services technology to interconnect the two network standards. From the installation of a wireless sensor network in a closed environment, its interconnection was performed with the Internet based on the proposed architecture using open standard technologies, the protocol for REST web services and cloud computing structure of the company Amazon Web Services. Information was collected to evaluate the functionality, reliability and system efficiency, accordingly to the ABNT standard, ISO / IEC 9126. The results showed the feasibility of implementing this proposal because it was shown that the interconnection is possible between these network standards using the application layer, reliably, efficiently and with the use of low cost resources. This study might encourage proposals to extend the accessibility of sensor networks to mobile devices. / Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de arquitetura para interconex?o de redes de sensores sem fio e a Internet utilizando somente a camada de aplica??o, sem que haja a necessidade de altera??o da pilha de protocolos de ambas as redes. A arquitetura baseia-se no protocolo HTTP, propondo a utiliza??o da tecnologia de web services para interconectar os dois padr?es de rede. A partir da instala??o de uma rede de sensores sem fio num ambiente fechado, foi realizada a sua interconex?o com a Internet com base na arquitetura proposta, utilizando tecnologias de padr?o aberto, o protocolo para web services REST e uma estrutura de computa??o em nuvem da empresa Amazon Web Services. Foram coletadas informa??es para que se pudesse avaliar a funcionalidade, a confiabilidade e a efici?ncia do sistema, de acordo com a norma da ABNT, NBR ISO/IEC 9126. Os resultados apontaram para a viabilidade de implementa??o dessa proposta, pois, demonstrou-se que ? poss?vel a interconex?o entre esses padr?es de rede utilizando a camada de aplica??o, de forma confi?vel, eficiente e com a utiliza??o de recursos de baixo custo. Este estudo pode embasar propostas para estender a acessibilidade das redes de sensores aos dispositivos m?veis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:31:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Tortorelli Faria.pdf: 1966946 bytes, checksum: 3abdd0be8f7b49f61b8e3b7907afa6e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-23 / This work aims to obtain a mathematical model to determinate the occupancy rate in indoor environment based on signal strength of a wireless sensor network (WSN) in 915 MHz using four links at the environment. It was set a network with one sink and four node sensors in a laboratory in order to collect the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) of each individual link for every different space occupation for each group of people. Based on the data collected, it was calculated the mean, standard deviation and the variance of each individual link and the overall average of links for each group of people. The data was used as input in mathematical models to determine the occupancy rate of the environment. Three mathematical models have been proposed to estimate the occupancy rate. All of them proved capable to estimate the number of people using the overall average of links. The results showed that the tendency is to decrease the RSSI and increase the standard deviation the greater the number of people in the environment. Some links analyzed individually showed a large variation and not following entirely the tendency mentioned. Nevertheless the overall average of links follows this tendency showing that despite a link shows a great variation, the other links tended to compensate this variation and with the overall average of links is possible to get a small error between the real number of people and the estimated number of people. To choose the best model it was used the MAE (Mean Absolute Error). The second order model was the best model with a MAE slightly below of a half people. The results obtained using multilink were compared with a work that used single-link to predict the number of people in a indoor environment. Multilink had a smaller error compared with single-link, which obtained an error of about two people. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo a obten??o de um modelo matem?tico para a determina??o da taxa de ocupa??o de ambientes internos baseado na intensidade de sinal de uma Rede de Sensores sem Fio em 915 MHz utilizando quatro links r?dio no ambiente. Foi montada uma rede com uma base e quatro n?s sensores em um laborat?rio como intuito de coletar a RSSI (Received Signal Strenght Indication) de cada link para cada diferente ocupa??o do espa?o para cada grupo de pessoas. Com base nos dados coletados, foram calculados a m?dia, desvio padr?o e vari?ncia de cada link e cada grupo de pessoas. Esses dados foram utilizados como entrada em modelos matem?ticos para a determina??o da taxa de ocupa??o do ambiente. Foram propostos tr?s modelos matem?ticos para tal estima??o. Os tr?s modelos se mostraram aptos a estimar o n?mero de pessoas utilizando a m?dia geral dos links. Os resultados iniciais mostraram que a tend?ncia ? de diminui??o da RSSI e o aumento do desvio padr?o quanto maior o n?mero de pessoas no ambiente. Alguns links analisados de forma individual se mostraram com uma varia??o grande e n?o seguindo inteiramente a tend?ncia mencionada, mas apesar disso a m?dia geral dos links segue essa tend?ncia, ou seja, apesar de um link demonstrar uma grande varia??o, os outros links tenderam a compensar essa varia??o. Com a m?dia geral ? poss?vel chegar a um erro pequeno entre o n?mero real de pessoas e o n?mero estimado de pessoas. Para a escolha do melhor modelo foi utilizado o RAM (Res?duo Absoluto M?dio) e para a m?dia geral dos links o modelo de segunda ordem foi o que se mostrou melhor com um res?duo abaixo de meia pessoa. Por fim os resultados obtidos com multilink foram comparados com resultados obtidos em um trabalho em que foi utilizado single-link para a obten??o da taxa de ocupa??o em um ambiente interno. Multilink, com um RAM de aproximadamente 0,5 pessoas, se mostrou com um erro menor comparado com o single-link, que obteve um erro de aproximadamente duas pessoas.

Factory shop floors of the future will see a significant increase in interconnected devices for monitoring and control. However, if a Service Orientated Architecture (SOA) is implemented on all such devices then this will result in a large number of permutations of services and composite services. These services combined with other business level components can pose a huge challenge to manage as it is often difficult to keep an overview of all the devices, equipment and services. This thesis proposes an SOA based novel assimilation architecture for integrating disparate industrial hardware based processes and business processes of an enterprise in particular the plastics machinery environment. The key benefits of the proposed architecture are the reduction of complexity when integrating disparate hardware platforms; managing the associated services as well as allowing the Micro Injection Moulding (µIM) process to be monitored on the web through service and data integration. An Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) based middleware layer integrates the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) based environmental and simulated machine process systems with frontend Google Gadgets (GGs) based web visualisation applications. A business process framework is proposed to manage and orchestrate the resulting services from the architecture. Results from the analysis of the WSN kits in terms of their usability and reliability showed that the Jennic WSN was easy to setup and had a reliable communication link in the polymer industrial environment with the PER being below 0.5%. The prototype Jennic WSN based µIM process monitoring system had limitations when monitoring high-resolution machine data, therefore a novel hybrid integration architecture was proposed. The assimilation architecture was implemented on a distributed server based test bed. Results from test scenarios showed that the architecture was highly scalable and could potentially allow a large number of disparate sensor based hardware systems and services to be hosted, managed, visualised and linked to form a cohesive business process.

Submitted by Fernanda Ciolfi (fernanda.ciolfi@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2016-08-11T19:28:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vitor Queiroz Pereira.pdf: 3873709 bytes, checksum: 35cd48e3c95401712d40707f6b9e1af3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-11T19:28:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vitor Queiroz Pereira.pdf: 3873709 bytes, checksum: 35cd48e3c95401712d40707f6b9e1af3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-23 / The characteristics of the Sensors Wireless Networks (WSNs) make this technology a solution for a variety of purposes, including when it comes to Internet of Things (IoT). Formed by sensor nodes, this type of network is responsible for monitoring and acting on various aspects of the environment to measure temperature or trigger an exhaust fan. However, wireless communication is vulnerable environment changes in which it operates, which could compromise the effectiveness of communication. Thus, this work presents a proposal for a methodology to determine optimal routes based on an estimate of the PER by the RSSI and a protocol for the collection of network RSSIs. The estimated PER was developed by experimental tests with FSK modulation. The collection protocol was implemented in a real network and RSSIs used to determine the best routes. The methodology for allocation of routes was developed with the classification premise of us according to the criticality of your application into two groups, high and low criticality. / As caracter?sticas das Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF) fazem desta tecnologia uma solu??o para diversas finalidades, inclusive quando se trata de Internet das Coisas (IoT). Formada por n?s sensores, este tipo de rede ? respons?vel por monitorar e atuar em diferentes aspectos do ambiente, como medir a temperatura ou acionar um exaustor. Entretanto, a comunica??o sem fio ? vulner?vel as mudan?as do ambiente em que est? inserida, podendo comprometer a efic?cia da comunica??o. Neste sentido, este trabalho apresenta uma proposta uma de metodologia para determina??o de melhores rotas baseada em uma estimativa da PER pela RSSI e um protocolo para a coleta das RSSIs da rede. A estimativa da PER foi desenvolvida por meio de testes experimentais com a modula??o FSK. O protocolo de coleta foi implementado em uma rede real e as RSSIs utilizadas na determina??o de melhores rotas. A metodologia para atribui??o de rotas foi desenvolvida baseada na classifica??o dos n?s em fun??o de sua criticidade.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-01-03T16:21:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALERTA PO? ? UM SISTEMA DE COMUNICA??O APOIADO EM REDES DE SENSORES SEM FIO PARA MONITORA??O DO C?RREGO ITAIM.pdf: 3373158 bytes, checksum: 31363a3d5310d22b8a185ceba8f3f1c6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-03T16:21:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALERTA PO? ? UM SISTEMA DE COMUNICA??O APOIADO EM REDES DE SENSORES SEM FIO PARA MONITORA??O DO C?RREGO ITAIM.pdf: 3373158 bytes, checksum: 31363a3d5310d22b8a185ceba8f3f1c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-25 / The problems of floods in Brazil cause many difficulties in the lives of many Brazilians throughout the country. Examples such as S?o Paulo, where during the summer the heavy rains, attached to infrastructure problems, enhance transit and leave homeless, or as Po? suffering almost every year with social problems arising from flooding revealing that the problem is recurrent. In this sense, to minimize financial losses and, above all, avoid loss of life (deaths), this work presents a development proposal to interconnect wireless sensor networks and the Internet using low-cost sensors for the level of streams monitoring and rivers urban. In this research the main objective is to provide a reliable system of monitoring streams of water level, crossing a city and contribute to the security of the population, built through the use of a network of sensors without low financial cost wire. The collected data is transmitted in real time to the City Security Control Center that treats these raw data and makes them available in useful information and easy viewing of the stream water level of the residents in the municipality of Po? through a page Web Prefecture. To increase agility in decision-making, information will also be available to citizens through an application installed on mobile devices (smartphones or tablets) that allows the current view of the percentage of water in the stream. The case study results showed the feasibility of implementing this proposal therefore be demonstrated that the water level in the stream monitoring using low cost sensors through a web page and application for mobile devices is possible. With the implementation of wireless sensor network citizens begin to monitor and be alerted to possible flooding, enabling the rescue of material goods and human lives. / Os problemas das enchentes no Brasil causam diversas dificuldades na vida de v?rios brasileiros em todo o territ?rio nacional. Exemplos como o de S?o Paulo, onde durante o ver?o o excesso de chuvas, unido a problemas de infraestrutura, intensificam o tr?nsito e deixam desabrigados, ou como de Po? que sofre praticamente todos os anos com problemas sociais decorrentes de enchentes revelando que o problema ? recorrente. Neste sentido, para minimizar preju?zos financeiros e, principalmente, evitar perda de vidas (mortes), este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de desenvolvimento para interconex?o de redes de sensores sem fio e a internet utilizando sensores de baixo custo para monitoramento do n?vel de c?rregos e rios urbanos. Nesta pesquisa o principal objetivo ? oferecer um sistema confi?vel de monitora??o do n?vel de ?gua de c?rregos, que atravessam uma cidade e que contribua com a seguran?a da popula??o, constru?do por meio do uso de uma rede de sensores sem fio de baixo custo financeiro. Os dados coletados s?o transmitidos em tempo real para o Centro de Controle de Seguran?a da Cidade que trata estes dados brutos e os disponibiliza em informa??es ?teis e de f?cil visualiza??o sobre o n?vel de ?gua do c?rrego aos cidad?os residentes no Munic?pio de Po? atrav?s de uma p?gina web da Prefeitura. Para aumentar a agilidade na tomada de decis?es, as informa??es tamb?m estar?o dispon?veis aos cidad?os por meio de um aplicativo instalado em dispositivos m?veis (smartphones ou tablets) que permite a visualiza??o atual da porcentagem de ?gua no c?rrego. Os resultados do estudo de caso apontaram para a viabilidade de implementa??o desta proposta, pois, demostrou-se que ? poss?vel o monitoramento do n?vel de ?gua no c?rrego utilizando sensores de baixo custo atrav?s de uma p?gina web e aplicativo para dispositivos m?veis. Com a implementa??o da rede de sensores sem fio os cidad?os passam a monitorar e a serem alertados sobre poss?veis enchentes, possibilitando o salvamento de bens materiais e de vidas humanas.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently attracted a great deal of attention due to their numerous attractive applications in many different fields. Sensors and WSNs possess a number of special characteristics that make them very promising in a wide range of applications, but they also put on them lots of constraints that make issues in sensor network particularly challenging. These issues may include topology control, routing, coverage, security, data management and many others. Among them, coverage problem is one of the most fundamental ones for which a WSN has to watch over the environment such as a forest (area coverage) or set of subjects such as collection of precious renaissance paintings (target of point coverage) in order for the network to be able to collect environment parameters, and maybe further monitor the environment. In this dissertation, we highly focus on the area coverage problem. With no assumption of sensors’ locations (i.e., the sensor network is randomly deployed), we only consider distributed and parallel scheduling methods with the ultimate objective of maximizing network lifetime. Additionally, the proposed solutions (including algorithms, a scheme, and a framework) have to be energy-efficient. Generally, we investigate numerous generalizations and variants of the basic coverage problem. Those problems of interest include k-coverage, composite event detection, partial coverage, and coverage for adjustable sensing range network. Various proposed algorithms. In addition, a scheme and a framework are also suggested to solve those problems. The scheme, which is designed for emergency alarming applications, specifies the guidelines for data and communication patterns that significantly reduce the energy consumption and guarantee very low notification delay. For partial coverage problem, we propose a universal framework (consisting of four strategies) which can take almost any complete-coverage algorithm as an input to generate an algorithm for partial coverage. Among the four strategies, two pairs of strategies are trade-off in terms of network lifetime and coverage uniformity. Extensive simulations are conducted to validate the efficiency of each of our proposed solutions.

This thesis addresses a multi-phase research and development project that spanned nearly four years, targeted at providing an ultra high-efficiency, user-friendly, and economic intelligent lighting solution for commercial facility applications, initially targeting underground parking specifically. The system would leverage the strengths of four key technologies: high brightness white Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), wireless sensor and actuator networks, single board computers, and cloud computing. An introduction to these technologies and an overview of how they were combined to build an intelligent lighting solution is given, followed by an in-depth description of the design and implementation of one of the main subsystems – the Sensor Middleware System – residing on a single board computer. Newly-available LED luminaires (a.k.a. light fixtures) bring the combination of high efficiency, reliability, illumination quality, and long-lifetime to the lighting market. Emerging low-power – and recently low-cost – 802.15.4 wireless networks offer high controllability and responsiveness to deployed luminaires and sensors. The cost- associativity, low maintenance, and easy build-up of Internet Data Center “cloud” computing resources make data collection and remote management infrastructure for Building Automation Systems accessible to even small companies. Additionally, these resources can be much more appropriately sized and allocated, which reduces energy use. These technologies are combined to form an Intelligent Lighting System (ILS). Fitting well within the Internet of Things paradigm, this highly distributed messaging-based “system of systems” was designed to be reliable through loose coupling – spanning multiple network layers and messaging protocols. Its goal was to deliver significant energy savings over incumbent technologies, configurable and responsive lighting service behaviour, and improved experience for users within the facility (pedestrians and drivers) and those interacting with its web-based tools (building managers and ILS administrators). The ILS was partitioned into three main subsystems as follows. The installed Wireless Field Network (WFN) of luminaires and sensors provided coordinated scheduled and real-time output level adjustment (i.e. dimming), with the help of motion sensor triggers. The Monitoring and Configuration System (MCS) in the cloud provided remote data collection and a web-based monitoring and configuration Graphical User Interface application. Network hardware and Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM) were responsible for tying these subsystems together. The MOM layer that provided the message brokering, translating, envelope wrapping, and guaranteed delivery services between the WFN and MCS, as well as field supervisory and quality-of-service functions for the WFN, was called the Sensor Middleware System (SMS). It was hosted on a single board computer located at the facility. / Graduate

Τα τελευταια χρόνια ειμαστε μαρτυρες ενός εντυπωσιακού παραδόξου στο χώρο της τεχνολογίας. Ενώ όλη η ανθρωπότητα αναζητά το κάτι παραπάνω σε υπολογιστική ισχύ, σε χώρο αποθήκευσης και σε ταχύτητα, μικρές αυτόνομες συσκευές έρχονται να κατακτήσουν όλο και περισσότερους τομείς της καθημερινότητάς μας. Μονάδες με την ικανότητα της επεξεργασίας και της αποθήκευσης δεδομένων, της αίσθησης του περιβάλλοντος αλλά και της επικοινωνίας μεταξύ τους, ενσωματώνονται σχεδόν σε όλους τους τομείς δραστηριοποίησης του ανθρώπου. Ο τρόπος αυτό-οργάνωσης αυτών των κόμβων - μονάδων στα πλαίσια μεγάλων ασύρματων δικτύων αισθητήρων, και η συλλογή δεδομένων από μια ευρεία περιοχή, τους δίνει τη δυνατότητα λήψης αποφάσεων, πολλές φορές κρίσιμων, ανάλογα με τις επικρατούμενες συνθήκες. Τα παραπάνω χαρακτηριστικά των δομικών στοιχείων των ασυρμάτων δικτύων αισθητήρων, σε συνδυασμό με τις υπηρεσίες της υψηλής και καθιερωμένης τεχνολογίας του συστήματος GPS (Global Positioning System) μπορούν να δημιουργήσουν έναν εκρηκτικό συνδυασμό και ερευνητικές ιδέες για ανάπτυξη αστικών εφαρμογών αυτοματισμού, στο πλαίσιο των λεγόμενων «έξυπνων πόλεων». Μέσα σε ένα απέραντο δίκτυο ασυρμάτων αισθητήρων, αποτελούμενο από χιλιάδες οντότητες, η ικανότητα του κάθε κόμβου να εντοπίζει την θέση του και να την μοιράζεται με τους υπόλοιπους, κερδίζει ολοένα και περισσότερο έδαφος ειδικά σε θέματα δρομολόγησης. Η χρήση της τεχνολογίας GPS από έναν κόμβο, αντικείμενο που μελετάμε στη παρούσα εργασία, μπορεί να οδηγήσει από την επιτυχή εφαρμογή του Geographical Routing σε ένα WSN, μέχρι την υλοποίηση απαιτητικών εφαρμογών για αντιγραφή κίνησης αλλά και δημιουργίας «έξυπνων αυτοκινητόδρομων» μέσα στους οποίους θα γίνεται αυτόματη πλοήγηση των κινητών υπό την επίβλεψη ενός μεγάλου WSN με κόμβους που συνεργάζονται με το σύστημα δορυφορικού εντοπισμού θέσης αλλά και μεταξύ τους. Όπως γίνεται άμεσα αντιληπτό, η παρούσα εργασία, που πραγματεύεται την σωστή συνεργασία και επικοινωνία ενός δικτύου ασυρμάτων αισθητήρων με την τεχνολογία GPS για την ιχνηλάτηση της πορείας ενός κινητού, μπορεί να δώσει μελλοντική τροφή για ενασχόληση σε πολλαπλά ερευνητικά επίπεδα. Η εργασία μας χωρίστηκε σε τρείς θεματικές ενότητες. Η πρώτη αφορά τον τομέα του WSN και του προγραμματισμού των κόμβων, για επικοινωνία με τους δορυφόρους, με τον υπολογιστή αλλά και μεταξύ τους, με τις απαραίτητες λειτουργικές εφαρμογές που κληθήκαμε να υλοποιήσουμε. Η δεύτερη αναφέρεται στην εργασία μας από την πλευρά του υπολογιστή, που λειτουργεί σαν συλλέκτης των δεδομένων του δικτύου, και τη σύνδεση του συστήματός μας με την πρότυπη εφαρμογή Google EarthTM για απεικόνιση σε πραγματικό χρόνο της τροχιάς που ακολουθεί ένα κινητό. Η τρίτη ενότητα περιλαμβάνει εκτέλεση πειραμάτων χρήσης του συστήματος που σχεδιάσαμε και παράθεση οπτικοποιημένων αποτελεσμάτων, για την εύκολη εξαγωγή χρήσιμων συμπερασμάτων όσον αφορά στη λειτουργικότητά του. / The last few years we witness a striking paradox in the field of technology. While all humanity is seeking for more computing power, more storage capabilities and more proccessing speed, small autonomous devices have appeared to occupy more and more areas of our lives in the daily routine. Units with the capabilities of data proccessing, data storage, enviromental sensing and communication with each other, are incorporated in almost all areas of human activity. The way in which these nodes are self-organized into large Wireless Sensor Networks and their ability to collect data from a wide area, enables them in taking decisions, critical ones sometimes, according to the prevailing conditions. The above characteristics of the components of wireless sensor networks, combined with the services of the established and standard technology of the GPS (Global Positioning System) can create ideas for research and development of urban applications of automation in the so-called “smart cities”. In a vast network of wireless sensors, consisting of thousands of entities, the ability of each node to detect its position and share it with others, is gaining more and more ground especially in routing topics. The use of GPS technology from a node, which is one of the subjects we study in this thesis, could lead from the successful implementation of the Geographical Routing, to the implementation of more demanding applications for motion replication but also to creating “smart highways” through which mobiles will execute an automatic navigation, supervised by a large WSN consisting of nodes cooperating with the satellite positioning system and with each other. As is readily apparent, the present thesis which is dealing with the good cooperation and communication of a wireless sensor network with the GPS technology in order to trace the path of a mobile, can provide room for future involvement in multiple levels of research. Our work was divided into three thematic sections. The first concerns the field of WSN and node programming so that they can be able to communicate with satellites, with the computer and with each other, by installing them with the necessary functional applications that we had to implement. The second section refers to our work on the computer side, which acts as a network data collector, and the link of our system with the standard Google EarthTM application to display the path of a mobile in real – time. The third section includes conducting experiments using the system we designed. The results are visualised and listed for an easy extraction of usefull conclusions regarding the functionality of our system.