Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JonasAB_DISSERT.pdf: 1695862 bytes, checksum: 814d00e46b0fb400b2ca97afa17cf2f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / This work is directed to the treatment of organic compounds present in produced water from oil using electrochemical technology. The water produced is a residue of the petroleum industry are difficult to treat , since this corresponds to 98 % effluent from the effluent generated in the exploration of oil and contains various compounds such as volatile hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols, carboxylic acids and inorganic compounds. There are several types of treatment methodologies that residue being studied, among which are the biological processes, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as electrochemical treatments electrooxidation, electrocoagulation, electrocoagulation and eletroredution. The electrochemical method is a method of little environmental impact because instead of chemical reagents uses electron through reactions of oxide-reducing transforms toxic substances into substances with less environmental impact. Thus, this paper aims to study the electrochemical behavior and elimination of the BTX (benzene, toluene and xylene) using electrode of Ti/Pt. For the experiment an electrochemical batch system consists of a continuous source, anode Ti/Pt was used, applying three densities of current (1 mA/cm2, 2,5 mA/cm2 and 5 mA/cm2). The synthetic wastewater was prepared by a solution of benzene, toluene and xylene with a concentration of 5 ppm, to evaluate the electrochemical behavior by cyclic voltammetry and polarization curves, even before assessing the removal of these compounds in solution by electrochemical oxidation. The behavior of each of the compounds was evaluated by the use of electrochemical techniques indicate that each of the compounds when evaluated by cyclic voltammetry showed partial oxidation behavior via adsorption to the surface of the Ti/Pt electrode. The adsorption of each of the present compounds depends on the solution concentration but there is the strong adsorption of xylene. However, the removal was confirmed by UV-Vis, and analysis of total organic carbon (TOC), which showed a percentage of partial oxidation (19,8 % - 99,1 % TOC removed), confirming the electrochemical behavior already observed in voltammetry and cyclic polarization curves / O presente trabalho ? dirigido ao tratamento de compostos org?nicos presentes na ?gua produzida de petr?leo usando a tecnologia eletroqu?mica. A ?gua produzida ? um res?duo da ind?stria do petr?leo de dif?cil tratamento, j? que este efluente corresponde a 98 % do efluente gerado na explora??o do petr?leo e cont?m v?rios compostos, tais como hidrocarbonetos vol?teis (benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xileno), hidrocarbonetos polic?clicos arom?ticos (HPAs), fen?is, ?cidos carbox?licos e compostos inorg?nicos. Existem v?rios tipos de metodologias de tratamento desse res?duo sendo estudadas, dentre elas est?o os processos biol?gicos, os processos de oxida??o avan?ados (POAS), tratamentos eletroqu?micos como eletroxida??o, eletrocoagula??o, eletroflota??o e eletroredu??o. O tratamento eletroqu?mico ? um m?todo ambientalmente correto, pois em vez de reagentes qu?micos utiliza o el?tron que atrav?s de rea??es de oxido redu??o transforma as subst?ncias t?xicas em subst?ncias de menor impacto ambiental. Assim, este trabalho se prop?e a estudar o comportamento eletroqu?mico e a degrada??o dos BTX (benzeno, tolueno e xileno) usando o eletrodo de Ti/Pt. Para os experimentos foi utilizado um sistema eletroqu?mico em batelada composto por uma fonte de corrente cont?nua, ?nodo de Ti∕Pt, aplicando tr?s densidades de corrente (1,0 mA/cm2, 2,5 mA/cm2 e 5,0 mA/cm2). O efluente sint?tico foi preparado mediante uma solu??o de benzeno, tolueno e xileno com concentra??o de 5 ppm, com objetivo de avaliar o comportamento eletroqu?mico atrav?s de voltametria c?clica e curvas de polariza??o, antes mesmo de avaliar a remo??o desses compostos em solu??o atrav?s de oxida??o eletroqu?mica. O comportamento de cada um dos compostos foi avaliado mediante o uso de t?cnicas eletroqu?micas indicando que cada um dos compostos quando avaliado por voltametria c?clica, mostrou um comportamento de oxida??o parcial via adsor??o na superf?cie do eletrodo de Ti/Pt. A adsor??o de cada um dos compostos depende da concentra??o presente em solu??o, mas destaca-se a forte adsor??o do xileno. Entretanto, a remo??o foi comprovada atrav?s de espectrofotometria UV-Vis, e analises de carbono org?nico total (COT), os quais mostraram um percentual de oxida??o parcial (de 19,8 a 99,1% de COT removido), confirmando o comportamento eletroqu?mico j? observado na voltametria c?clica e curvas de polariza??o

Bioprocesses for air pollution control can generally be categorized as bioscrubber, biofilter, and biotrickling filter systems. These processes have been proven to be economical and effective for control of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with concentrations of <1,000 mg C m-3 in gas streams. First, an activated sludge aeration tank (W x L x H = 40 x 40 x 300 cm) with a set of 2 mm orifice air spargers was utilized to treat gas-borne VOCs (toluene, p-xylene, and dichloromethane) in air streams. The effects of liquid depth (Z), aeration intensity (G/A), the overall mass transfer rate of oxygen in clean water (KLaO2), the Henry¡¦s law constant of the tested VOC (H), and the influent gaseous VOC concentration (C0) on the efficiency of removal of VOCs were examined and compared with a literature-cited model. Results show that the measured VOC removal efficiencies and those predicted by the model were comparable at a G/A of 3.75 ¡V 11.25 m3 m-2 hr-1 and C0 of around 1,000 ¡V 6,000 mg m-3. Experimental data also indicate that the designed gas treatment reactor with KLaO2 = 5 ¡V 15 hr-1, could achieve > 85% removal of VOCs with H = 0.24 ¡V 0.25 at an aerated liquid depth of 1 m, and > 95% removal of dichloromethane with H = 0.13 at a 1 m liquid depth. The model predicts that, for gas treatment in common activated sludge tanks, with KLaO2 = 5 ¡V 10 hr-1, depth = 3 ¡V 4.5 m, G/A = 9 ¡V 18 m3 m-2 hr-1, > 92% VOC removal can be achieved with operating parameters of Z of 3.0 m and KLaVOC/(G/A) of about 0.28 m-1, for VOCs with H < 0.3, such as most oxygen-containing hydrocarbons with low molecular weights, and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and dichloromethane. Second, an activated sludge aeration tank and a sieve-plate column with six sieve plates were utilized to treat gas-borne VOCs in air streams. The tank was used for the biodegradation of the absorbed VOCs from the column which utilized the activated mixed liquor drawn from the tank as a scrubbing liquor. This research proposed a model for VOC absorption to a down-flow activated sludge liquor in a sieve-plate column. The experimental setup consisted of a pilot-scale activated-sludge tank and a sieve-plate tower, as demonstrated. The sieve-plate tower was constructed from a 25 x 25 x 162 cm (W x L x H) acrylic column with six custom-made sieve plates. Each plate has 382 holes which are 3 mm in diameter arranged on a square pitch. The holes give an open area of 3.82% of the whole plate area for gas flow. Two 25 mm-i.d. down-comer pipes were also equipped to allow for the downflow of the activated sludge liquor. Ports were provided at the column inlet, outlet, and each plate for gas and liquid sampling. Experiments were conducted and the model verified based on the results of tests on the removal efficiencies of isopropyl alcohol (IPA), toluene and p-xylene in the system operated at a range of influent VOC concentrations, air application rates, and liquid/gas flow ratios (L/G). The model developed by a material balance for the gaseous- and liquid-VOC over each plate of the column was developed and experimentally verified in this study. Superficial gas velocity over the column plate (U), number of plates (N), volumetric liquid-phase VOC-transfer coefficient (KLaVOC), aerated liquid depth over the plate (Z), volumetric liquid/gas flow-rate ratio (L/G), dimensionless Henry¡¦s law coefficient of the VOC to be absorbed (H), VOC content of the influent scrubbing liquor (xN+1), and the biodegradation rate constant of the VOC in the activated sludge mixed liquor (k) are among the affecting parameters to the effectiveness of the VOC removal. Model application by the model for effects of affecting parameters on the VOC removal effectiveness indicates that L/G, plate number N, biodegradation rate constant k, Henry¡¦s law constant of VOC H are among the important ones. A L/GH of greater than 2 and N of around 6 are enough for the effective (>90%) removal of the influent VOCs with H < 0.01 if no biodegradation occurred in the column. However, a N of over 16 is required for the influent VOCs with H of around 0.2. Biodegradation with a rate constant of around 100 hr-1 in the column greatly improves the column performance.

Soil contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons is a common problem. Toxic compounds such as BTEXs are present in gasoline derivatives. They can move through the soil and contaminate the groundwater, especially if methanol is present. This problem is critical in permeable soil. Although leaching of BTEX compounds from soil to the water is almost temperature dependent, movement of methanol through the soil is not. Methanol can move through the porous soil and reach the groundwater in a short time. It can also dissolve and carry BTEX compounds through the porous soil. Therefore, fast cleanup of the permeable soil which is contaminated with BTEX and methanol is crucial. Chlorine dioxide is an oxidizer, which is easy to use and safe to transport; and may be considered as a treatment technique for soil cleanup. Keywords: Groundwater, soil contamination, BTEX compounds, methanol, chlorine dioxide, soil cleanup

Rapid development and growth of industrialization has brought immense enrichments in living standards of humans, however, improper planned development also brings along several environmental problems such as pollution of environment and excessive consumption of natural resources. Among all the others, uncontrolled utilization of water poses a severe threat to the coming generations. Past decades have witnessed water shortage in various countries of the world. Although about 80% of the earth’s surface is covered with water, around 97.2% of water is salty making it inappropriate for general usage. Among the rest of the 2.8%, which is present as fresh water on surface, a large proportion of it has been found to be severely polluted. The increasing demand of fresh water both for industrial and domestic usage adds great demand on the available groundwater. Moreover, the severe pollution of fresh water on the surface adds more stress on the available groundwater. In Australia, approximately 20% of water supply is from groundwater and in the case of Western Australia groundwater provides two thirds of its water supply needs. Thus, it is important to manage groundwater sources in Western Australia to achieve the optimum water utilization and maintain the water table and it is also essential to decide on an appropriate water budget. Groundwater flow modelling is an effective tool to get appropriate water distribution and, to examine effects from pumping on water levels and direction of groundwater flow paths, thereby helping in its proper management and utilization. Apart from monitoring the flow and utilization, groundwater flow modeling is also vital to keep the track of pollutant in the groundwater. Increasing surface pollution and landfill sites tend to pollute the groundwater due to leaching. / The above mentioned aspects formed the basis of the present research. A groundwater flow model was developed in Visual MODFLOW Premium to study the effect of three different types of soil in and around Perth region. This study also shows the hypothetical contaminated site model for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) transport in Perth Superficial unconfined aquifer which includes three major aquifer sediments namely Bassendean Sand, Safety Bay Sand and Tamala Limestone. Among the four different contaminants it was observed that benzene is able to migrate quickly as compared to the other contaminants due to its smaller distribution coefficient. / This study also explored the major soil parameters such as effect of sorption, effective porosity and hydraulic conductivity on contaminant plume configuration and contaminants concentration for the three types of aquifer sediments. A critical comparison of the behaviour of the three different types of soils was also conducted. / Simulation results of sensitivity analysis have shown that sorption and hydraulic conductivity greatly affected the contaminant plume length and concentration of contaminants with much lesser effect shown by the effective porosity. The simulated results also showed that the movement of contaminant in Tamala Limestone is most rapid by comparing these three types of aquifer sediments together. Thus, it can be said that contaminated sites found in Tamala Limestone needs immediate remediation of contaminants to bring down the contaminants concentration in groundwater. / In brief, the thesis explores the current groundwater scenario in and around Perth region. Based on the information a hypothetical scenario simulation has critically analyzed the various parameters affecting the water and contaminant flow for the various soil parameters. The study is considered as a building block for further research on developing a remediation technique for groundwater contaminant treatment.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SyllosSS_DISSERT.pdf: 3274284 bytes, checksum: efc9ef709dfd1e06b4170ed41eedf3fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-22 / The generation of wastes in most industrial process is inevitable. In the petroleum industry, one of the greatest problems for the environment is the huge amount of produced water generated in the oil fields. This wastewater is a complex mixture and present great amounts. These effluents can be hazardous to the environmental without adequate treatment. This research is focused in the analysis of the efficiencies of the flotation and photo-oxidation processes to remove and decompose the organic compounds present in the produced water. A series of surfactants derivated from the laurilic alcohol was utilized in the flotation to promote the separation. The experiments have been performed with a synthetic wastewater, carefully prepared with xylene. The experimental data obtained using flotation presented a first order kinetic, identified by the quality of the linear data fitting. The best conditions were found at 0.029 g.L-1 for the surfactant EO 7, 0.05 g.L-1 for EO 8, 0.07 g.L-1 for EO 9, 0.045 g.L-1 for EO 10 and 0.08 g.L-1 for EO 23 with the following estimated kinetic constants: 0.1765, 0.1325, 0.1210, 0.1531 and 0.1699 min-1, respectively. For the series studied, the most suitable surfactant was the EO 7 due to the lower reagent onsumption, higher separation rate constant and higher removal efficiency of xylene in the aqueous phase (98%). Similarly to the flotation, the photo-Fenton process shows to be efficient for degradation of xylene and promoting the mineralization of the organic charge around 90% and 100% in 90 min / A gera??o de res?duos na maioria dos processos industriais ? quase que inevit?vel. Na ind?stria do petr?leo, um dos grandes vil?es para o meio ambiente ? o enorme volume de ?guas produzidas nos campos de petr?leo. Este efluente apresenta composi??o complexa e aliado ao grande volume envolvido pode-se tornar bastante danoso ao meio ambiente quando descartado de forma inadequada. Esta pesquisa est? centrada na an?lise das efici?ncias dos processos de flota??o em coluna e oxida??o avan?ada por processo foto-Fenton para remo??o/degrada??o de org?nicos presentes na ?gua produzida. Uma s?rie de tensoativos derivados de ?lcool laur?lico foi utilizada na flota??o para promover a melhoria da cin?tica e efici?ncia de separa??o. Os experimentos foram realizados com efluente sint?tico contendo xileno como poluente modelo. Os dados experimentais obtidos da flota??o apresentaram cin?tica de 1? ordem, identificada pela qualidade dos ajustes lineares. As melhores condi??es encontradas foram 0,029 g.L-1 para o EO 7, 0,05 g.L-1 para o EO 8, 0,07 g.L-1 para o EO 9, 0,045 g.L-1 para o EO 10 e 0,08 g.L-1 para o EO 23 com as seguintes constantes de velocidade iguais a 0,1765, 0,1325, 0,1210, 0,1531, 0,1699 min-1, respectivamente. Para a s?rie estudada, o tensoativo mais adequado foi o EO 7 devido o menor consumo de reagente, maior constante cin?tica de separa??o e maior efici?ncia de remo??o do xileno da fase aquosa (98%). De forma similar a flota??o, o processo foto-Fenton demonstrou ser eficiente para degrada??o do xileno alcan?ando efici?ncia de mineraliza??o da carga org?nica entre 90% e 100% em 90 min

Neste trabalho foram realizados estudos para avaliaÃÃo e modificaÃÃo de derivados de petrÃleo e de bioderivados. Na primeira parte deste estudo foi avaliada a seletividade de adsorÃÃo de C8 aromÃticos em peneiras moleculares comerciais. A separaÃÃo dos isÃmeros de xilenos à um importante processo na indÃstria petroquÃmica. As tÃcnicas de cromatografia em headspace e pulsos cromatogrÃficos foram utilizadas para obtenÃÃo de dados experimentais de equilÃbrio de adsorÃÃo. Esta abordagem pode ser muito Ãtil para a seleÃÃo de adsorventes, bem como para investigar a variaÃÃo na seletividade em relaÃÃo à composiÃÃo e temperatura do processo. As seletividades de adsorÃÃo de misturas multicomponentes determinadas atravÃs do mÃtodo de pulsos cromatogrÃficos confirmaram os valores obtidos utilizando os experimentos de cromatografia em headspace. Os valores indicaram o carÃter de para-seletividade dos zeolitos Y (&#945;px/ox ~ 4) e beta (&#945;px/ox ~ 2) e de orto-seletividade para os zeolitos mordenita (&#945;ox/px ~ 1,5). Na segunda parte deste trabalho foi estudado o processo de adsorÃÃo de poliaromÃticos com misturas modelo e com amostras de Ãleos naftÃnicos pesados (ONP). Os experimentos com as misturas modelo serviram para estudar a capacidade de adsorÃÃo de poliaromÃticos dos materiais, avaliar os parÃmetros de processo e selecionar os materiais mais promissores (Norit 830W e Norit 1240 plus) para avaliaÃÃo com amostras de ONP. As amostras de ONP foram caracterizadas e apresentaram altos teores de poliaromÃticos (8,2% m/m). AtravÃs dos experimentos em coluna, foi possÃvel avaliar a capacidade de adsorÃÃo dos carbonos ativados, estimar parÃmetros de transferÃncia de massa e simular o comportamento breakthrough dos sistemas estudados. Foram avaliadas as propriedades fÃsico-quÃmicas e o teor de poliaromÃticos apÃs o tratamento. Os resultados confirmaram a eficiÃncia dos carbonos ativados para utilizaÃÃo em processos de reduÃÃo do teor de compostos poliaromÃticos de ONP. Na terceira e Ãltima parte deste trabalho foram estudadas as propriedades fÃsico-quÃmicas e resistÃncia oxidativa de bioderivados (biodiesel e biolubrificantes) do Ãleo de mamona. O uso de antioxidantes aumentou de 6 a 15 vezes a estabilidade das amostras de biodiesel. Os estudos de estabilidade dos biolubrificantes hidrogenados com os melhores antioxidantes mostraram elevaÃÃo do perÃodo de induÃÃo em 10 vezes. / In this work, the methods for evaluation and modification of petroleum-based and bio-based products were studied. In the first part of this study, the adsorption of C8 aromatics in commercial molecular sieves was evaluated. The separation of xylene isomers is an important issue in the petrochemical industry. Headspace and chromatographic pulse techniques were used to measure experimental equilibrium data. This approach is very useful for the selection of adsorbents, as well as in the investigation of selectivity variation, with respect to composition and process temperature. The adsorption selectivities of multicomponent mixtures determined by the chromatographic pulse method were in agreement with the values obtained using headspace technique. The aforementioned values indicate the character of para-selectivity in zeolites Y (&#945;px/ox ~ 4) and beta (&#945;px/ox ~ 2), as well as the ortho-selectivity for the mordenite zeolites (&#945;ox/px ~ 1.5). In the second part of this study, we studied the adsorption of polyaromatics using model samples and heavy naphthenic oils (HNO). The experiments with model solutions were used to study the capacity of polycyclic aromatic adsorption to evaluate the process parameters and to select the most promising adsorbents (Norit 830W and Norit 1240 Plus), with samples for the evaluation of the HNO. Therefore, the samples were characterized and the HNO had a high content of polyaromatics hydrocarbons (8.2% m/m). Through column experiments, it was possible to evaluate the adsorption capacity of activated carbons, estimating parameters and mass transfers to simulate the breakthrough behavior of the above systems. We evaluated the physicochemical properties and the content of polyaromatics after treatment. The results confirmed the efficiency of activated carbons as an alternative process to reduce polyaromatics content of a HNO. In the third part of this study, we analyzed the physicochemical properties and the oxidation resistance of bio-based products (biodiesel and biolubricants) of the castor oil. Hence, the use of antioxidants increased from 6 to 15 times the stability of castor oil biodiesel. Stability studies of hydrogenated biolubricants with the best antioxidants showed an elevation of the induction period by 10 times.

Orientador: Nelson Eduardo Duran Caballero / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T05:06:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Donaire_PatriciaPulciniRosvald_D.pdf: 1368968 bytes, checksum: 36ddc25863076b787c4847f7b99b272a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O presente trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de um reator tubular fotocatalítico aplicado ao tratamento de águas superficiais e subterrâneas contaminadas com compostos orgânicos voláteis, mais especificamente benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xileno (BTEX). O reator opera com recirculação da amostra e é constituído por dois catalisadores semicondutores, o dióxido de titânio e o dióxido de zircônio (TiO2/ZrO2). Estes catalisadores foram depositados sobre substratos de vidro na forma de filme misto e ativados com luz artificial proveniente de 2 lâmpadas de luz negra de 15 W cada, representando uma intensidade luminosa total de 3,6 mW cm. Os resultados demonstraram a viabilidade da utilização da fotocatálise heterogênea através da deposição de 15 camadas do filme misto sobre a matriz de vidro. A irradiação de água deionizada contaminada com 10 mg L de BTEX resultou em 95,9% de remoção destes compostos em pH 6,6 e vazão de recirculação de 280 mL min , onde somente o benzeno não alcançou o limite permitido pela legislação. A quantificação dos analitos foi realizada utilizando-se microextração em fase sólida (SPME). Observou-se uma cinética de pseudo-primeira ordem sendo a concentração inicial um fator limitante na taxa de degradação. A acetofenona foi a espécie intermediária detectada durante o processo fotocatalítico. No experimento de toxicidade utilizando Daphnia similis como organismo teste, a remoção de toxicidade foi atingida após 30 min de tratamento de água contaminada com gasolina onde o CE50-48 h inicial médio foi de 14,1% atingindo um CE50-48 h final médio de 84,3% / Abstract: The present work deals with the development of a photocatalytic tubular reactor to treat superficial and groundwaters contaminated with organic volatile compounds, more specifically benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX). The reactor was operated with sample recirculation and it was constituted by two semiconductors catalysts, the titanium dioxide and the zirconium dioxide (TiO2/ZrO2). These catalysts were deposited over glass substrate in the form of mixed film and activated with artificial light originated from two 15 W black light lamps representing an average light intensity of 3.6 mW cm. The results showed the viability of heterogeneous photocatalysis using a deposition of 15 mixed film layers over the glass matrix. The photodegradation of deionized water contaminated with 10 mg L of BTEX gave a 95.9% of BTEX removal at pH 6.6 with a recirculation flow of 280 mL min . Among the other components of BTEX, only the benzene did not reach the permitted limit by legislation. The analytes were quantified by solid phase microextraction (SPME). The kinetic of pseudo-first order was observed and being the initial concentration a limiting factor in the degradation rate. The acetophenone was the intermediate species detected during photocatalytic process. In the toxicity experiment using Daphnia similis as organism test, the toxicity removal was reached after 30 min of treatment of contaminated water with gasoline where the initial average CE50-48 h was 14.1 % and reaching a final average CE50-48 h of the 84.3% / Doutorado / Quimica Analitica / Doutor em Quimica

Sick building syndrome (SBS) is a particular concern in places with inadequate ventilation and frequently attributed to chemical contaminants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs)released from indoor sources that are frequently encountered in everyday life such as adhesives, carpeting, upholstery, manufactured wood products, copy machines, pesticides, cleaning agents inside buildings, plumbing vents, and painting. Furthermore, it is a major issue for modern human beings who spend most of their time indoors or must stay indoors for self-isolation due to special circumstances such as the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic that occurred in 2019 and 2020. Main indoor VOCs are trichloroethylene (TCE), benzene, toluene, and para-xylene (p-xylene). In general, these compounds are not present in indoor spaces at acute concentrations, but prolonged exposure to these compounds can have chronic health effects such as allergic sensitization, increased cancer risks, and respiratory diseases. In this study, the adsorption process with various advantages has been applied to remove VOC’s using commercially available hydrophobic adsorbents. The hydrophobic adsorbents can contribute to reducing the possibility of chemical adsorption (chemisorption) of moisture from the air, which can decrease the capacity of adsorbent by clogging the pores. The adsorption of these major VOCs was investigated in this work for three major types of industrial hydrophobic adsorbents: activated carbons, zeolites, and polymer. This study will show the investigation into finding the most promising hydrophobic adsorbent for removal of TCE, benzene, toluene, and p-xylene, which are the main VOCs found indoors. The promising hydrophobic adsorbent has been determined by comparing Henry’s law constants and heat of adsorption values for the different adsorbents, which were estimated by using a concentration pulse chromatographic technique by utilizing a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. For all adsorbents, Henry’s law constants at room temperature of p-xylene were always the highest followed by toluene, benzene, and TCE. For all adsorbates, Henry’s law constants at room temperature of AC BPL and HiSiv 3000 were higher than the other hydrophobic adsorbents. For a developing modern society dealing with a pandemic, this study can contribute to producing the optimized gas masks and indoor filters for the removal of indoor air pollutants, which can help people who suffer from SBS. It can also help society for taking preventative actions towards dealing with SBS.

Flödescytometrisk analys av DNA-ploiditeten används vid diagnostisering av endometriecancer. DNA-ploidi reflekterar cellcykeln och avgör om tumörens cellpopulationen är diploid eller aneuploid, där aneuploiditet förknippas med sämre prognos. Vid analys av paraffininbäddat vävnadsmaterial används avparaffineringsmedlet xylen, vars toxiska egenskaper försämrar arbetsmiljön på laboratoriet. Den har en stark och obehaglig lukt som kan orsaka illamående och yrsel. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om xylen kan ersättas med xylensubstitutet Tissue Clear, ett isoparaffinskt kolväte som är mindre toxiskt. Studien omfattade paraffininbäddad humanvävnad från endometrioid carcinom (n=20), både diploid (n=15) och aneuploid (n=5) vävnad, som avparaffinerades med xylen respektive Tissue Clear innan DNA-ploidi utfördes. Eventuella skillnader inom de flödescytometriska parametrarna % CV-diploid, % S-fas, % debris och DI-aneuploid undersöktes och vid statistisk analys kunde ingen signifikant skillnad ses på samtliga parametrar. Eftersom analysen utförs sällan i rutin är antalet prover i studien relativt stor, trots att detta kan anses vara en liten kvantitet. Av dessa var endast 25 % av proverna aneuploida. Att en patient uppvisar aneuploiditet är ovanligt och därför ansågs även denna mängd som tillräckligt stor. Studien visar att avparaffinering med Tissue Clear är ekvivalent med xylen och därmed kan Tissue Clear ersätta xylen oavsett om vävnaden är diploid eller aneuploid. / DNA ploidy is used for endometrial cancer diagnosis. It reflects the cell cycle and determines whether the cell population in tumors is diploid or aneuploid. When analyzing paraffin embedded tissues xylene can be used for deparaffinization, whose toxicity impairs the laboratory´s work environment. Its strong and unpleasant smell can cause nausea and dizziness. The aim of this study was to investigate if xylene can be replaced with Tissue Clear, an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon that is less toxic. The study included paraffin embedded human tissues from endometrioid carcinoma (n=20), both diploid (n=15) and aneuploid (n=5), deparaffinized with xylene or Tissue Clear before DNA ploidy was performed. Potential differences between the parameters % CV-diploid, % S-phase, % debris and DI-aneuploid were statistically examined and showed no significant differences. The sample amount in this study might be considered low, though it is relatively high since the analysis is rarely performed routinely. Among these only 25 % were aneuploid. Patients showing aneuploidy is rare and the amount was therefore considered to be sufficient as well. The study shows that deparaffinization with Tissue Clear generates equivalent results as for xylene and can thereby replace xylene regardless if the tissue is diploid or aneuploid.

No description available.