Thesis--Bochum. Ruhr-Universität. / In Periodical Room. Spine title: Freizeit im Kibbuz.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-12-01T12:56:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Evelyn Anly Ishikawa Hayashi.pdf: 995457 bytes, checksum: 6e8e0ab5195fade5b6ad359231618e69 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T12:56:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Evelyn Anly Ishikawa Hayashi.pdf: 995457 bytes, checksum: 6e8e0ab5195fade5b6ad359231618e69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The yam (Dioscorea spp.) has an important socio-economic role in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa and the Americas including the Caribbean. In Brazil, it is a significant source of income and food for the local populations and family agriculture, especially in the Northeast region of the country. The crop yield is very affected by both abiotic factors and biotic agents, including fungi, nematodes and viruses. Diseases caused by viruses are important because the vegetative propagation of yam provides the accumulation and spread of these pathogens on successive crops. To date, the reported viruses in this crop belong to nine genera: Aureusvirus, Badnavirus, Carlavirus, Comovirus, Cucumovirus, Fabavirus, Macluravirus, Potexvirus and Potyvirus. The objective of the present work was to analyze, through the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), different viral species that infect the yam in fields located in the states of Pernambuco and Paraíba and in the Federal District. Leaf tissue samples of D. rotundata and D. alata were subjected to partial virus purification, the total RNA was extracted and submitted to NGS. The nucleotide reads obtained were assembled using CLC Genomics Workbench 6.5 program and the contigs using Geneious program. Based on the data obtained from NGS it was possible to detect three new virus species reported in this work. It was sequenced the complete genome of two new species, one belonging to the family Secoviridae, with the proposed name Dioscorea virus S (DVS), and another to Foveavirus genus of the family Betaflexiviridae, called Dioscorea virus F (DVF). For the third species described, belonging to the family Closteroviridae, it was done only the viral detection in the collected samples and proposed the name Dioscorea virus C (DVC). / O inhame (Dioscorea spp.) apresenta importante papel socioeconômico nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais da Ásia, África e Américas incluindo o Caribe. No Brasil, se constitui uma expressiva fonte de renda e alimento para as populações locais e agricultura familiar, principalmente na região Nordeste do país. A produtividade da cultura é bastante afetada, tanto por fatores abióticos, como por agentes bióticos, entre os quais fungos, nematoides e vírus. Doenças causadas por vírus são importantes, pois a propagação vegetativa do inhame proporciona o acúmulo e disseminação desses patógenos em cultivos sucessivos. Até o momento, os vírus relatados nesta cultura pertencem a nove gêneros: Aureusvirus, Badnavirus, Carlavirus, Comovirus, Cucumovirus, Fabavirus, Macluravirus, Potexvirus e Potyvirus. No presente trabalho objetivou-se analisar, através do Sequenciamento de Nova Geração (Next Generation Sequencing - NGS), as diferentes espécies virais que infetam o inhame em plantios localizados nos estados de Pernambuco e Paraíba e no Distrito Federal. Amostras de tecido foliar de D. rotundata e D. alata foram submetidas a purificação viral parcial, o RNA total foi extraído e submetido ao NGS. As leituras nucleotídicas obtidas foram montadas utilizando o pragrama CLC Genomics Workbench 6.5 e os contigs utilizando o programa Geneious. Por meio dos dados obtidos por NGS foi possível a detecção de três espécies virais novas relatadas neste trabalho. Foi sequenciado o genoma completo de duas espécies, uma pertencente à família Secoviridae, que recebeu o nome Dioscorea virus S (DVS), e outra ao gênero Foveavirus da família Betaflexiviridae, denominada de Dioscorea virus F (DVF). Para a terceira espécie descrita, pertencente à família Closteroviridae, foi feita apenas a detecção viral nas amostras coletadas e a proposição do nome Dioscorea virus C (DVC).

The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of cooking on the vitamin A value of "Vita-Yam" candy and cookies.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-17T12:25:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Genira Pereira de Andrade.pdf: 531734 bytes, checksum: 9dc28c82bfccaa852aa4dbc98b012e2d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T12:25:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Genira Pereira de Andrade.pdf: 531734 bytes, checksum: 9dc28c82bfccaa852aa4dbc98b012e2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-20 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The yam (Dioscorea spp.) is affected by several diseases and pests occurring in field and/or during transport and storage. It is a crop with a high social economic importance in Northeast of Brazil, showing a good expansion potential by tuber export, especially to Europe. An evaluation of disease and pest development in important producing areas was undertaken, as well as a study on the quality of tuber seed used by the growers. Visits to seven counties of Pernambuco and three of Paraíba, totaling 30 farms were done. In order to evaluate the occurrence of diseases and the damages caused by pests under field conditions, in each field five lines of 10 plants were marked, while for virus evaluation, 30 plants were randomly selected. The plants were analyzed 30 days before and at the harvest day. The nematodes were extracted by association the Jenkins method and identified by their structures under light microscope. For fungus identification, isolation and inoculation were doneand the structures were observed under light microscope. For the viruses, observation under electron microscopy, triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay” (TAS-ELISA), with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies specific to Yam mosaic virus (YMV), from IITA, Nigeria, and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with degenerated primers for detecting badnavirus and duplex reverse transcription (RT-PCR) with specific primers to YMV and Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV) were used. The PCR and RT-PCR products were purified and sequenced in order to validate the tests used for detecting badnavirus andidentification of the potyviruses by the comparative analyses of the sequences available in the GenBank. It was observed the leaf spot caused by Curvularia eragrostidis in all areas studied, with a higher intensity on cv. Inhame-da-Costa of D. cayennensis-D. rotundata complex, whereas the damages caused by leaf wor (Pseudoplusia oo), present in all fields, were higher on cv. São Tomé of D. alata plants. The seed tubers of both yam species, collected in five farms representative of the growing areas of Pernambuco and Paraíba, after 60 days of storage, presented serious problems of green rot caused by Penicilium sclerotigenum, mealybugs (Planoccocus sp.) and tuber worms (Araecerus fasciculatus). It was identified the potyviruses YMV and YMMV, occurring in single and mixed infections with badnavirus, consisting the first detailed report with molecular information on theseviruses in Brazil. / O inhame (Dioscorea spp.) tem sido afetado por a vários problemas fitossanitários, que se manifestam na lavoura e durante o transporte e/ou armazenamento. É uma cultura de elevada importância sócio-econômica para a região Nordeste do Brasil, inclusive com potencial de expansão via exportação de túberas, especialmente para a Europa. Foi efetuada uma avaliação do desenvolvimento de doenças e pragas em importantes áreas produtoras, bem como um estudo da qualidade do material de propagação utilizado pelos produtores. Foram visitados sete municípios de Pernambuco e três da Paraíba, totalizando 30 propriedades. Para avaliação da ocorrência das doenças da parte aérea e danos causados por lagarta, foram marcadas em cada campo, 5 fileiras de 10 plantas e mais 30 plantas, escolhidas aleatoriamente, para análise de viroses, as quais foram avaliadas um mês antes e no período da colheita. Para extração dos nematóides foi usado método de centrifugação rápida associadoao de Jenkins, os quais foram identificados por suas estruturas observadas ao microscópio ótico. Os fungos detectados foram isolados e identificados e observando-se suas estruturas reprodutivas. Para identificação dos vírus foram efetuadas observações ao microscópio eletrônico de transmissão, teste “triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay” (TAS-ELISA), com anti-corpos policlonais e monoclonais específicos para Yam mosaic virus (YMV), obtidos do IITA, Nigéria e reaçaão de PCR (“polimerase chain reaction”) com oligonucleotídeos degenerados paradetecção de badnavírus e duplex reverse transcription (RT)-PCR com oligonucleotídeos específicos para YMV e Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV). Os produtos de PCR e RT-PCR foram purificados e seqüenciados para validação dos testes usados na detecção de badnavírus e identificação dos potyvírus, por análise comparativa com as seqüências disponíveis no GenBank. Ficou comprovada a ocorrência de pinta preta, causada por Curvularia eragrostidis em todas as áreas estudadas, com maior intensidade na cv. Inhame-da-Costa do complexo D. cayennensis-D. rotundata, enquanto que o ataque de lagarta das folhas (Pseudoplusia oo), presente em todos os campos, teve maior severidade na cv. São Tomé de D. alata. As túberas-semente de ambas as espécies de inhame, coletadas em cinco propriedades representativas das áreas de cultivo em Pernambuco eParaíba, após 60 dias de armazenamento, apresentaram sérios problemas de Podridão Verde, causada por Penicillium sclerotigenum, cochonilhas (Planoccocus sp.) e brocas das túberas (Araecerus fasciculatus). Foram identificados os potyvírus YMV e YMMV, ocorrendo em infecção simples e mista com badnavírus, constituindose o primeiro registro detalhado com informações moleculares destes vírus no Brasil.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-17T11:43:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco de Assis Camara Rabelo Filho.pdf: 1431986 bytes, checksum: a5c762b1d10133b3e27a6ed470fcfa1b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T11:43:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco de Assis Camara Rabelo Filho.pdf: 1431986 bytes, checksum: a5c762b1d10133b3e27a6ed470fcfa1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The yam (Dioscorea spp.) has an important economic and social role in the Northeast of Brazil, providing food with high value to the human diet. It is also a source of income to poor family, employing large number of manpower. Among the phytosanitary problems of this crop, the fungal and nematode diseases are the most important ones. The virus diseases also have high importance, especially for causing cultivar degeneracy, with reduction of plant vigor and consequent qualitative and quantitative production losses. Three viruses stand out in Brazil with occurrence on main cultivars used in Northeast, Yam mosaic virus (YMV) and Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV), belonging to the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae and one virus of the genus Badnavirus, family Caulimoviridae. Recently, two more viruses from the genus Begomovirus and Curtovirus genus, family Geminiviridae were detected. In the present work, initially, the detection and characterization of an YMMV isolate obtained from D. trifida were undertaken by electronic microscope analysis including visualization of cytoplasmatic inclusions typical of the genus Potyvirus. In addition, molecular studies with specific primers for YMMV in RT–PCR, followed by RT–PCR with degenerate primers to viruses of the Potyvirus genus, cloning the product corresponding to the coat protein and phylogenetic analysis including sequences available at the GenBank were done. Sequencing of the complete genome of a YMMV isolate and a detailed study on the nucleotide sequence of this virus by cDNA amplification and cloning in plasmids pGEM-T Easy and the pCR 4 Topo were also realized, and the data deposited in GenBank. The diagnosis of plant virus diseases can be realized by serological and molecular techniques. In yam crop, molecular tools normally are used due to difficulties in acquiring specific antisera, making more expense the identification of viral agents. Polyclonal antiserum was produced in rabbit for YMMV, using the coat protein of an isolate of YMMV expressed in vitro using Escherichia coli system. / O inhame (Dioscorea spp.) apresenta importante papel socioeconômico na região Nordeste do Brasil. Além de fornecer alimento de alto valor nutritivo para a dieta humana, é fonte de renda para famílias de baixo poder aquisitivo, empregando grande contingente de mão de obra. Dentre os problemas fitossanitários desta cultura, destacam-se as doenças fúngicas e aquelas causadas por nematoides. As viroses apresentam também elevada importância, principalmente por ocasionarem degenerescência de cultivares, com diminuição do vigor das plantas e, consequentemente perdas qualitativas e quantitativas da produção. Três vírus se destacam, em nível de Brasil, com registros nas principais cultivares empregadas no Nordeste, Yam mosaic virus (YMV) e Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV), pertencentes ao gênero Potyvirus, família Potyviridae e um vírus do gênero Badnavirus, família Caulimoviridae. Recentemente, foram detectados mais dois vírus, pertencentes aos gêneros Begomovirus e Curtovirus, família Geminiviridae. No presente trabalho, inicialmente foram efetuadas a detecção e caracterização de um isolado de YMMV, obtido de D. trifida, por meio de análise eletromicroscópica, incluindo a visualização de inclusões citoplasmáticas típicas do gênero Potyvirus. Em seguida, foram realizados estudos moleculares com primers específicos para o YMMV em RT–PCR, seguido de RT–PCR com primers degenerados para vírus do gênero Potyvirus, clonagem do produto correspondente à capa proteica e análise filogenética, com os dados de sequências disponíveis no GenBank. Também foi realizado o sequenciamento do genoma completo de um isolado de YMMV e estudo detalhado da sequência de nucleotídeo, mediante amplificação do cDNA e clonagem em plasmídeos pGEM-T Easy e do pCR 4 Topo, cujos dados foram depositados no GenBank. A diagnose das fitoviroses pode ser efetuada por técnicas sorológicas e moleculares. Na cultura do inhame, usa-se, em geral, ferramentas moleculares, pela dificuldade na aquisição de antissoros específicos, o que encarece a identificação dos agentes virais. Antissoro policlonal para YMMV foi desenvolvido em coelho usando a proteína capsidial de um isolado do vírus expressa in vitro no sistema Escherichia coli.

It is the purpose of the study to determine if the addition of Vita Yam as a source of vitamin A to the daily diet improves the dark adaptation of college-age students.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第24676号 / 農博第2559号 / 新制||農||1100(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R5||N5457(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 寺内 良平, 教授 髙野 義孝, 教授 吉田 健太郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-17T13:55:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Isadora Fernandes de Franca.pdf: 1420687 bytes, checksum: 6cec52a0fb3778ca5533af6c71262265 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T13:55:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isadora Fernandes de Franca.pdf: 1420687 bytes, checksum: 6cec52a0fb3778ca5533af6c71262265 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The yam (Dioscorea spp.) has great social importance for the Northeast region of Brazil, due to the excellent nutritional quality and energy of their tubers and very useful for human alimentation. Leaf-spots on white yam, caused by the fungus Curvularia eragrostidis, is responsible for damage to yam in northeast Brazil, mainly in the states of Paraíba and Pernambuco. The aim of this study was to analyze the population structure of isolates of C. eragrostidis pathogenic to yam, D. cayennensis, in the states of Alagoas, Pernambuco and Paraiba, and to study the phylogenetic relationships of these with other species in the genus Cochliobolus. In the first study, 151 isolates were obtained from leaves of yam, which were analyzed the sequences of part of the ITS region and -tubulin gene and gpd and the profiles of DNA with ISSR. It was observed that the DNA sequences had no variation, and ISSR data showed the presence of six haplotypes. The pathogen population is characterized by low genotypic diversity, predominance of one or two genotypes evenly distributed, the predominance of asexual reproduction, and the presence of genotypic flow between the regions of cultivation. In the second study, it was conducted phylogenetic analysis sequences of 81 isolates of species of the family Pleosporaceae using the methods of maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The 16 isolates of C. eragrostidis from yam analyzed are related to the genus Cochliobolus species which has smaller conidia and they are phylogenetically closer to the species C. clavata, C. brachyspora, C. oryzae and C. intermedia. / A cultura do inhame (Dioscorea spp.) apresenta grande importância socioeconômica para a região Nordeste do Brasil, devido à excelente qualidade nutritiva e energética de suas túberas e a utilidade para a alimentação humana. A queima das folhas, conhecida também como pinta preta, causada pelo fungo Curvularia eragrostidis, é responsável por grandes prejuízos à cultura do inhame no Nordeste brasileiro, principalmente nos Estados da Paraíba e Pernambuco, que são os maiores produtores. Este trabalho teve como objetivos analisar a estrutura populacional de isolados de C. eragrostidis patogênicos ao inhame, D. cayennensis, nos estados de Alagoas, Pernambuco e Paraíba, bem como estudar as relações filogenéticas destes com as demais espécies do gênero Cochliobolus. No primeiro estudo, foram obtidos 151 isolados, dos quais foram analisados as sequências de parte da região ITS, e dos genes -tubulina e gpd e os perfis de DNA com marcadores ISSR. Observou-se que as sequências de DNA não apresentaram variabilidade, e os dados de ISSR mostraram a presença de seis haplótipos. A população do patógeno é caracterizada por baixa diversidade genotípica, predominância de um ou dois genótipos uniformemente distribuídos, predominância de reprodução assexual, presença de fluxo genotípico entre as regiões de cultivo. No segundo estudo, foram realizadas analises filogenéticas de sequências de 81 isolados de espécies da família Pleosporaceae, através dos métodos de máxima verossimilhança e inferência bayesiana. Os 16 isolados de C. eragrostidis de inhame analisados estão relacionados com espécies do gênero Cochliobolus que apresentam conídios menores e mais próximos filogeneticamente de C. clavata, C. brachyspora, C. oryzae e C. intermedia.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 66-72).

Region specific foods in the Niger Delta like yam and cassava are consumed on a daily basis by at least 70% of the population. In addition to other commonly consumed foods, high volumes of unavoidable food wastes are generated. With 78% of the households in the region disposing their waste by burying, burning or in unauthorised heaps, environmental degradation is sustained. The region also suffers an infestation of Water Hyacinth (WH). Anaerobic Digestion (AD) presents a viable way of managing these wastes in addition to providing a clean source of energy. Limited research has been conducted on the characterisation and biogas potential of these exotic food wastes due to their localised availability, leading to a knowledge gap. My original contribution to knowledge is the Specific Waste Index (SWI), nutrient characterisation and biogas potential of the local food wastes and WH. Also novel is the design and optimisation of the AD process for mono and codigestion including the quarter hourly analysis of CH4 and CO2 content of the biogas composition over the complete duration of an AD test. The research approach was experimental and involved using conventional research methods in new fields of investigation. SWI was determined by replicating local food processing practices while nutrient composition was obtained using standard analytical methods. The Bio-Methane Potential (BMP) tests were carried out on the four most common food wastes, Yam Peel (YP), Cassava Peel (CP), Cocoyam Peel (CoP), Plantain Peel (PP), following VDI 4630 guidelines and using a newly designed cost-effective bioreactor. Laboratory scale batch reactors ran over 20 days at 37⁰C (310 K). The food wastes were anaerobically co-digested with WH in the ratio 2:1 g Volatile Solid (VS) with a total substrate mass of 8.4 g VS. The S:I ratio was 1:2 g VS and tests were carried out in duplicates to give an indication of repeatability. The results showed a wide range of SWI from 0.2-1.5. The Total Solid (TS) content varied from 7% for WH to 82% for Egusi Shell. Crude Protein and Crude Fibre were highest for Ugwu Stalk at 37% VS and Egusi Shell at 82% VS respectively. Cassava Peel had the highest oil content at 25% VS. NFE which was the major nutrient for 80% of the samples was highest for Yam Peel at 82% VS. YP+WH, CP+WH, CoP+WH and PP+WH had specific biogas yields of 0.42, 0.29, 0.39, and 0.38 m3/kg VS respectively. The yields represented 76%, 48%, 70% and 69% of their respective theoretical values. The samples had their highest methane content during the Technical Digestion Time (T80) period, which lasted up to the 8th day of digestion. The pH values ranged from 7.3 to 7.9 indicating that there was no inhibitory accumulation of organic acids. The results of the mono-digestion tests showed that co-digestion with WH reduced the biogas yields for YP, CP, CoP and PP by 16%, 22%, 7% and 7%. This drop in gas production was due to presence of complex molecules in the WH co-substrate, which cannot be digested by the anaerobic microbes. Further tests showed that fresh waste produced more biogas than dry samples, while a lower S:I produced more biogas due to increased microbial population. It was concluded that waste and nutrient content varied widely between different types of Niger Delta foods. In addition mesophilic digestion of food wastes have good biogas potentials which reduce when co-digested with water hyacinth. The methane content is shown to vary widely throughout an AD test. The findings of this research would provide valuable information to AD databases and its implementation would support clean energy production, environmental remediation and allow researchers in poor regions to perform BMP test on novel feedstock using cost-effective reactors. Key Words: Anaerobic Digestion, Co-Digestion, Water Hyacinth, Niger Delta, Yam, Cassava, Cocoyam, Food Waste, Specific Waste Index, Biogas.