Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Periodista / Este proyecto consiste en el registro audiovisual de la vida íntima de Rodolfo Loch, un joven de 22 años de edad con síndrome de autismo. Es un retrato cotidiano de su mundo interno, como así también se mostrará la relación con su círculo más íntimo, su familia y su desenvolvimiento en público. De estilo contemplativo, este trabajo no pretende imponer un discurso moral sobre el autismo, sino más bien ser una obra subjetiva e interpretativa por parte del director acerca de su hermano, a la vez que se convierte en un documental autobiográfico.

Resultatet från ett flertal vetenskapliga studier indikerar på att en god kosthållning har en positiv inverkan på idrottsliga prestationer. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det fanns några skillnader i kostintag, daglig fysisk aktivitet och intermittent uthållighet hos elitsatsande fjortonåriga fotbollspelare vid fotbollsakademier i Sverige och i Sydafrika. Testpersonerna bestod av nio sydafrikanska fotbollspelare och fjorton svenska. Samtliga spelare var pojkar födda år 1999. De tränade fotboll fem gånger i veckan med sina respektive fotbollsakademier. Spelarna fick under fem dagar fylla i en kost- och aktivitetsdagbok. Vikt och längd mättes och ett YO-YO test (nivå ett) utfördes för att mäta den intermittenta uthålligheten. Spelarnas föräldrar lämnade in uppgifter om utbildning och familjens ekonomi. Studiens resultat visade på att de svenska spelarna åt hälsosammare än de sydafrikanska (p<0,001). I de båda lagen åt spelare ur en familj med stark ekonomi hälsosammare än en familj med svag ekonomi (p<0,05). De svenska spelarna var i bättre fysisk form än de sydafrikanska (p<0,01) samtidigt som svenskarna på fritiden var mer stillasittande (p<0,01). Resultatet tyder på att det kan finnas ett samband mellan kostens näringssammansättning och fotbollspelares fysiska prestation.

As características intermitentes do futebol exigem a aplicação de testes específicos à modalidade. O teste Yo-yo intermitente recuperativo nível 1 (YYIR1) é considerado um teste específico e confiável na avaliação de jogadores de futebol. Contudo, as variáveis de desempenho que o influenciam são pouco conhecidas. O presente estudo, teve como objetivo verificar as variáveis determinantes do desempenho final do teste YYIR1 em jogadores de futebol de campo. Para tanto, dez jogadores de futebol de campo da categoria sub-20 foram submetidos a três sessões de avaliação onde foram determinadas as seguintes variáveis: a) composição corporal (%G) e força dinâmica máxima (1RM) no exercício agachamento; b) economia de corrida (EC) e as variáveis relacionadas a potência (VO2max e vVO2max) e capacidade aeróbia (Limiar anaeróbio LAn-3,5mM) em esteira rolante e c) no teste YYIR1, determinação de forma direta das variáveis respiratórias e análise cinemática do deslocamento determinando a média da aceleração pico (AP-média) e a média da velocidade pico (VP-média) durante os estágios. Antes e após o teste em esteira (TE) e o teste YYIR1 foram determinadas a altura de salto vertical (Alt-jump), o tempo de contato com o solo (TC-jump) e o índice de força reativa (IFR-jump) através da técnica Drop Jump. Além disso, em ambos os testes foram determinadas as participações energéticas. Os principais resultados foram: a) houve diferença significante entre o VO2max determinado em esteira (57,33 ± 3,4ml/kg/min) e no teste YYIR1 (53,57 ± 2,67ml/kg/min) e estes não se correlacionaram; b) a participação energética tanto no TE (92,31 ± 1,79%) quanto no YYIR1 (74,08 ± 6,88%) é predominantemente aeróbia, porém, o YYIR1 apresenta maior participação anaeróbia quando comparado ao TE (25,91 ± 6,88 e 7,67 ± 1,79%, respectivamente); c) as variáveis determinadas no Drop Jump não foram influenciadas pela realização do TE e o YYIR1; d) nenhuma variável relacionada à capacidade de força (1RM, 1RM/MCT; Alt-jump, TC-jump e IFR-jump) apresentou correlação com o desempenho final do YYIR1; e) a %G (r = -0,63), VO2max (r = 0,74), vVO2max (r = 0,86), LAn-3,5mM (r = 0,76), AP-média (r = 0,77) e a participação anaeróbia alática no YYIR1(r = -0,65) apresentaram correlação significante com o desempenho final no YYIR1; f) destas apenas a vVO2max e a participação anaeróbia alática no YYIR1 foram determinantes no desempenho final do teste. Conclui-se que, embora correlacionado com outras variáveis, o desempenho final do YYIR1 é influenciado pela maior vVO2max determinada no TE e menor participação do metabolismo anaeróbio alático no YYIR1 / The intermittents characteristics of the soccer require the application of specific tests to this game. The Yo-yo intermittent recovery level 1 test (YYIR1) is considered a reliable and specific test in the evaluation of soccer players. However, the variables that influence their performance is little known. The present study aimed at finding out the variables which determine the final YYIR1 performance test in the soccer field. Therefore ten soccer players in the U-20 field underwent three evaluation sessions in which the following variables were determined: a) body composition (% BF) and maximal dynamic strength (1RM) in the squat exercise; b) running economy (RE) and the variables related to power (VO2max and vVO2max), aerobic capacity (anaerobic threshold - AT-3,5mM) on treadmill, and c) determining directly in the YYIR1 test the respiratory variables and analysing the displacement kinematic that causes the average peak acceleration (PA-average) and the average peak velocity (VP-average) during the stages. Before and after the treadmill test (ET) and the YYIR1 test there were determined the height of the vertical jump (Alt-jump), the time of contact with the ground (TC-jump) and reactive strength index (RSI-jump) through Drop Jump technique. Additionally, in both tests there were determined energy holdings. The main results were: a) there was a significant difference between the indicated treadmill VO2max (57.33 ± 3.4 ml/kg/min) and the YYIR1 test (53.57 ± 2.67 ml/kg/min) and these indicators were not correlated; b) the energy participation in TE (92.31 ± 1.79%) and in the YYIR1 (74.08 ± 6.88%) was predominantly aerobic; however the YYIR1 test had a greater anaerobic participation compared to TE (25.91 ± 6 , 7.67 ± 1.79 and 88%, respectively); c) the variables evaluated in the Drop Jump were not affected by the ET, and the YYIR1; d) no variable related to the power capacity (1RM 1RM/MCT; Alt-jump, TC-jump and IFR-jump) was correlated to the YYIR1 final performance; e) the % BF (r = -0.63), VO2max (r = 0.74), vVO2max (r = 0.86), AT-3,5mM (r = 0.76), AP-average (r = 0 , 77) and anaerobic alactic participation in the YYIR1 (r = -0.65) showed significant correlation with the final performance in the YYIR1; f) among these only the vVO2max and anaerobic alactic participation in the YYIR1 were determinant in the final performance. The conclusion is that, although correlated with other variables, the final YYIR1 was influenced by the greater vVO2max determined in the TE and the lower participation of the anaerobic alactic metabolism in the YYIR1

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo describir los niveles de Autogobierno en practicantes de yoga. Para ello se evaluó a 81 practicantes de yoga y a 80 personas que no practicaban yoga, que presentaban características sociodemográficas equivalentes, utilizando el Inventario de Componentes Volitivos (Kazén-Saad, 2004), adaptado en una muestra peruana (Argumedo y Romero, 2011). Los resultados indicaron que la práctica de yoga presentaba diferencias significativas con sólo dos áreas del Autogobierno, presentando una relación inversa con la Autorregulación y el Estrés General. Asimismo, se encontró una correlación inversa entre dichas áreas y la frecuencia semanal y el tiempo de práctica. / This research aims to describe the levels of Volitional Components in yoga practitioners. For this research we took 81 yoga practitioners and 80 non-practitioners, who shared the same socio-demographic characteristics. They were assessed using the Volitional Components Inventory (Kazén-Saad, 2004), adapted for a Peruvian sample (Argumedo and Romero, 2011). The results suggested an inverse relationship between yoga practice and two areas of the Volitional Components: Self-Regulation and General Stress. Furthermore, the results showed inverse correlations between these areas as well as the weekly frequency and the time of practice. / Tesis

As características intermitentes do futebol exigem a aplicação de testes específicos à modalidade. O teste Yo-yo intermitente recuperativo nível 1 (YYIR1) é considerado um teste específico e confiável na avaliação de jogadores de futebol. Contudo, as variáveis de desempenho que o influenciam são pouco conhecidas. O presente estudo, teve como objetivo verificar as variáveis determinantes do desempenho final do teste YYIR1 em jogadores de futebol de campo. Para tanto, dez jogadores de futebol de campo da categoria sub-20 foram submetidos a três sessões de avaliação onde foram determinadas as seguintes variáveis: a) composição corporal (%G) e força dinâmica máxima (1RM) no exercício agachamento; b) economia de corrida (EC) e as variáveis relacionadas a potência (VO2max e vVO2max) e capacidade aeróbia (Limiar anaeróbio LAn-3,5mM) em esteira rolante e c) no teste YYIR1, determinação de forma direta das variáveis respiratórias e análise cinemática do deslocamento determinando a média da aceleração pico (AP-média) e a média da velocidade pico (VP-média) durante os estágios. Antes e após o teste em esteira (TE) e o teste YYIR1 foram determinadas a altura de salto vertical (Alt-jump), o tempo de contato com o solo (TC-jump) e o índice de força reativa (IFR-jump) através da técnica Drop Jump. Além disso, em ambos os testes foram determinadas as participações energéticas. Os principais resultados foram: a) houve diferença significante entre o VO2max determinado em esteira (57,33 ± 3,4ml/kg/min) e no teste YYIR1 (53,57 ± 2,67ml/kg/min) e estes não se correlacionaram; b) a participação energética tanto no TE (92,31 ± 1,79%) quanto no YYIR1 (74,08 ± 6,88%) é predominantemente aeróbia, porém, o YYIR1 apresenta maior participação anaeróbia quando comparado ao TE (25,91 ± 6,88 e 7,67 ± 1,79%, respectivamente); c) as variáveis determinadas no Drop Jump não foram influenciadas pela realização do TE e o YYIR1; d) nenhuma variável relacionada à capacidade de força (1RM, 1RM/MCT; Alt-jump, TC-jump e IFR-jump) apresentou correlação com o desempenho final do YYIR1; e) a %G (r = -0,63), VO2max (r = 0,74), vVO2max (r = 0,86), LAn-3,5mM (r = 0,76), AP-média (r = 0,77) e a participação anaeróbia alática no YYIR1(r = -0,65) apresentaram correlação significante com o desempenho final no YYIR1; f) destas apenas a vVO2max e a participação anaeróbia alática no YYIR1 foram determinantes no desempenho final do teste. Conclui-se que, embora correlacionado com outras variáveis, o desempenho final do YYIR1 é influenciado pela maior vVO2max determinada no TE e menor participação do metabolismo anaeróbio alático no YYIR1 / The intermittents characteristics of the soccer require the application of specific tests to this game. The Yo-yo intermittent recovery level 1 test (YYIR1) is considered a reliable and specific test in the evaluation of soccer players. However, the variables that influence their performance is little known. The present study aimed at finding out the variables which determine the final YYIR1 performance test in the soccer field. Therefore ten soccer players in the U-20 field underwent three evaluation sessions in which the following variables were determined: a) body composition (% BF) and maximal dynamic strength (1RM) in the squat exercise; b) running economy (RE) and the variables related to power (VO2max and vVO2max), aerobic capacity (anaerobic threshold - AT-3,5mM) on treadmill, and c) determining directly in the YYIR1 test the respiratory variables and analysing the displacement kinematic that causes the average peak acceleration (PA-average) and the average peak velocity (VP-average) during the stages. Before and after the treadmill test (ET) and the YYIR1 test there were determined the height of the vertical jump (Alt-jump), the time of contact with the ground (TC-jump) and reactive strength index (RSI-jump) through Drop Jump technique. Additionally, in both tests there were determined energy holdings. The main results were: a) there was a significant difference between the indicated treadmill VO2max (57.33 ± 3.4 ml/kg/min) and the YYIR1 test (53.57 ± 2.67 ml/kg/min) and these indicators were not correlated; b) the energy participation in TE (92.31 ± 1.79%) and in the YYIR1 (74.08 ± 6.88%) was predominantly aerobic; however the YYIR1 test had a greater anaerobic participation compared to TE (25.91 ± 6 , 7.67 ± 1.79 and 88%, respectively); c) the variables evaluated in the Drop Jump were not affected by the ET, and the YYIR1; d) no variable related to the power capacity (1RM 1RM/MCT; Alt-jump, TC-jump and IFR-jump) was correlated to the YYIR1 final performance; e) the % BF (r = -0.63), VO2max (r = 0.74), vVO2max (r = 0.86), AT-3,5mM (r = 0.76), AP-average (r = 0 , 77) and anaerobic alactic participation in the YYIR1 (r = -0.65) showed significant correlation with the final performance in the YYIR1; f) among these only the vVO2max and anaerobic alactic participation in the YYIR1 were determinant in the final performance. The conclusion is that, although correlated with other variables, the final YYIR1 was influenced by the greater vVO2max determined in the TE and the lower participation of the anaerobic alactic metabolism in the YYIR1

La claridad del autoconcepto (CAC) es una característica estructural del autoconcepto referida al grado de claridad, coherencia y estabilidad de las creencias acerca de uno mismo. La inclusión del otro en el self (IOS), por otro lado, es un aspecto relacional del self referido la traslape de las representaciones mentales de uno mismo y del otro. Ambos constructos están vinculados a aspectos de las relaciones interpersonales como la resolución de conflictos, pero su rol en la calidad de las relaciones de pareja aun no queda claro. En este estudio se analizó la relación entre la CAC y la IOS y cómo ambos constructos se vinculan con el ajuste diádico – una medida de la calidad de las relaciones románticas que contempla el consenso entre sus miembros. Para ello se utilizaron cuestionarios de autoreporte para evaluar los constructos en 84 adultos (50 mujeres y 34 hombres) de Lima Metropolitana, que tenían entre 25 y 55 años de edad (M= 41, DE=8.92) y una relación de pareja de 15 años en promedio (Min= 2.6; Max.= 34.5; DE=8.5). Se halló que para el caso de los hombres la CAC está inversamente relacionada con la IOS (r = -.331, p= .056) y que para ambos sexos la IOS se vincula de manera directa y moderada con el ajuste diádico (r = .480, p<.001). Estos resultados se discuten a partir de la teoría de Self-construals de Markus y Kitayama (1991) y de las diferencias de género en ellas (Cross y Madson, 1997). / The Self-Concept Clarity (SCC) is a structural feature of self-concept that refers to the clarity, consistency and temporal stability of beliefs about oneself. Inclusion of Other in the Self (IOS), on the other hand, is a relational aspect of self, referred to the overlap of mental representations of self and other. Previous evidence has shown that both constructs are linked to important aspects of interpersonal relationships, such as conflict resolution; but its role in the quality of romantic relationships is still not clear.In this research, the relationship between SCC and IOS and how both constructs are linked to the Dyadic Adjustment –measure of the quality of romantic relationships contemplated consensus among its members – were analyzed. For this,a self-report questionnaire was used to measure the constructs in 84 adults (50 women and 34 men) of Lima,that were 25 and 55 years old(M = 41, SD = 8.92) and with have a romantic relationship of 15 years (Min = 2.6; Max = 34.5;SD = 8.5). The results suggest that formen, the SCC has inverse relationship with IOS (r = -.331, p = .056), and that for both gendersthe IOS is directly and moderately linked with the Dyadic Adjustment (r = .480, p<.001). The results are discussed from Self-construal theory(Markus and Kitayama, 1991) and from the gender differences in them (Cross and Madson, 1997). / Tesis

Background: Small-sided games are frequently used as a training method in today´s football. The importance of the ability to perform high-intensity running is increasing and small-sided games may not lead to the required improvement of this ability. It might be necessary to add speed-endurance training to obtain the high-intensity running. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate which of the training methods; small-sided games or speed-endurance training, leads to the highest performance improvements in three football-specific tests. Measures and Methods: The study was an intervention study where 31 male football players participated. They were randomized in to two groups which performed either speed-endurance training (SEP) (n=16) or small-sided games (SSG) 6 vs 6 (n=15). The study lasted four weeks and eleven sessions in total. Baseline tests and posttraining test were conducted in Yo-Yo IR2, Arrowhead agility test and Repeated sprint 30 meters. Result: SEP demonstrated an 17 % higher increase in testresults than SSG in Yo-Yo IR2. No significant difference between the groups were observed in the other tests. Conclusion: Small-sided games is a training method which entails football-specific training load. It might be necessary to add speed-endurance training which can lead to higher performance improvments in Yo-Yo IR2.

<p><strong>Sammanfattning</strong></p><p>Olika fälttest är flitigt använda för att utvärdera fotbollsspelares fysiska uthållighet, däribland Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) och Coopers löptest. Ytterst lite är dock känt om Coopertestets lämplighet som mätmetod i en sport med intermittent arbete som fotboll. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka prestation i Coopertestet i förhållande till Yo-Yo IR1 testet hos fotbollsspelare på olika tävlingsnivåer. Under försäsongen testades 19 manliga fotbollsspelare (23 ± 4 år, 181 ± 9 cm, 77 ± 9 kg) från svensk division 1 (hög-nivå, n=5), division 3 (mellan-nivå, n=6) och division 5 (låg-nivå, n=8). Coopertestet består av oavbruten löpning så långt som möjligt under 12 minuter på löparbana. Yo-Yo IR1 testet består av upprepade 2x20 meters löpningar i ökande hastighet, med 10 sekunder aktiv vila mellan varje omgång. Testerna utfördes under standardiserade former på kvällstid med minst 72 timmars mellanrum. Resultatet för Coopertestet var; hög-nivå 3056 ± 194m, mellan-nivå 2950 ± 188m och låg-nivå 2916 ± 203m, utan signifikanta skillnader mellan grupperna (p>0,05). Yo-Yo IR1 resultaten var; hög-nivå 2264 ± 286m, mellan-nivå 1933 ± 395m och låg-nivå 1615 ± 496m. Det fanns en signifikant skillnad i testresultaten mellan hög-nivå och låg-nivå (p<0,05). Förhållandet mellan de två testerna för hela populationen var r=0,89 (p<0,001), och inom grupperna; hög-nivå r=0,69 (p=0,2), mellan-nivå r=0,99 (p<0,001) och låg-nivå r=0,98 (p<0,001). I motsats till övriga grupper visade resultaten att hög-nivå gruppen, som har större mängd fotbollsspecifik träning, inte hade något signifikant samband mellan de två testen. Coopertestets utformning med oavbruten löpning, tillsammans med dess oförmåga att särskilja mellan olika tävlingsnivåer, medför att Yo-Yo IR1 testet bör användas framför Coopertestet i syfte att få tydligare information om en fotbollsspelares fysiska uthållighet under matchsituation.</p>

Introduktion. Handboll är en olympisk gren som spelas internationellt, men främst i Europa. Idrotten ställer höga krav på både aerob och anaerob metabolism. Syfte. Syftet med studien var att studera överensstämmelsen mellan Cooper Test (CT) och Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIR1) för unga handbollspelare. Dessutom om möjligt även studera spelpositionens betydelse för utfallet. Metod. 56 unga handbollsspelare bjöds in att deltaga i studien. Deltagarna utförde CT och YYIR1 och överensstämmelsen mellan testerna studerades med hjälp av Spearmans korrelationskoefficient (rs). Resultat. 11 män och 10 kvinnor deltog i studien. Resultatet visade på en god överensstämmelse mellan CT och YYIR1 för gruppen som helhet (rs = 0,79, p = &lt; 0,001). Ingen slutsats kunde dras utifrån spelarnas position och resultaten av de båda testerna. Indelat efter kön skiljde sig överensstämmelsen för män (rs = 0,28, p = 0,4) och för kvinnor (rs = 0,61, p = 0,06). Slutsats. Överensstämmelsen mellan CT och YYIR1 var god på gruppnivå och därför skulle testerna kunna vara utbytbara. Men eftersom det fanns en tydlig skillnad mellan könen krävs större studier.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Yo-Yo intermittent recovery testing ability and 20-meter sprint times in NCAA Division I men’s and women’s collegiate soccer players. Results show no significant (p = >0.05) relationship between the distance covered in the Yo-Yo IR1 test and 20-meter sprint times in the female players and a significant correlation between the two tests in the male players (r = -0.33). A non-significant relationship between the tests in female players may be due to greater variation in the total distance covered during the Yo-Yo IR1 test and small variation in 20-meter sprint times. The inclusion of speed and resistance training may be beneficial in developing the anaerobic speed reserve in female collegiate soccer players, leading to improvement in the Yo-Yo IR1 test performance. Improving the sprinting capabilities of male collegiate soccer players may also improve Yo-Yo IR1 test performance.