The purpose of this paper is to recount how, under the entrepreneural guidance of John Willard Young, three narrow gauge, shortline railroads were established in and near Salt Lake City, Utah between 1884 and 1894. Once justification for these projects was ascertained, the problems created by local and national politics, construction, and financing were met in a satisfactory manner. The results were two operating railroads and roadbed established for a third line. Operations continued under the control of John W. Young until the depression of 1893 when these railroads went into receivership.

<p> </p> <p>Young Adult (YA) literature is a subject that is often unclear. There is no clear definition</p> <p>of what YA literature is. However, most YA literature has several things in common. First, it</p> <p>includes characters between the ages of 12 and 25. Second, it fits into the publication genre of</p> <p>YA literature. Third, it features diverse characters experiencing themes surrounding identity. It is</p> <p>this theme of identity on which this essay focuses. Narrowed down to the subject of narrative</p> <p>identity, we look at how the events of someone’s life makes up their personality and the</p> <p>correlation between narrative identity and YA literature. Narrative identity can be seen within</p> <p>novels, and it is also impacted by the stories we read. The text <em>Illuminae</em> by Jay Kristoff and</p> <p>Amie Kauffman is used to further examine this framework, alongside frameworks of</p> <p>posthumanism and technology. The ideas of technology, narrative identity, and YA literature are</p> <p>all combined in a representative assignment that is a podcast. This podcast assignment asks</p> <p>students to examine these intersections utilizing technology, and to use multimodality to</p> <p>communicate their findings. The essay concludes by discussing possible pitfalls, such as political</p> <p>climate, breadth of topics, and student preconceptions. However, it is concluded that YA is a</p> <p>vital part of literature and society that allows for an empathetic approach to how we interact with</p> <p>one another.</p>

The name of Karl G. Maeser will long be remembered among the people of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints because of his influence on the present system of education within the church. His ability as a teacher of all ages and his gift for organization were the two characteristics which contributed to his success as an educator. He was a humble man, he devoted his life to this calling.

Objectives: Having cancer in young adulthood increases the risk of adverse long-term health effects. These risks can be influenced by one’s health behavior (HB). The aim of this study is therefore to investigate the presence of health behavior in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) and to identify associated factors. Design: Young cancer patients (18–39 years old at time of diagnosis) were surveyed at baseline and 12 months later via online or as a paper-pencil version. Methods: A spectrum of indicators for HB was assessed via seven items from the Questionnaire of Multiple Health Behavior (MHB). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to determine factors associated with patients’ HB indicators. Results: Five-hundred and fourteen AYAs (75% women) reported the highest level of health-conscious behavior for “avoidance of consumption of nicotine,” “follow medical recommendations,” and “being considerate in road traffic.” Less health-conscious behavior was reported for “keeping an appropriate and balanced diet” and “physical activity.” Significant improvements from baseline to the follow-up were observed for “regularly attending health screening” (Hedges’ g = 0.44). The analyzed factors explained up to 10% of the HB indicators. Women reported significantly more healthconscious behavior than men in four out of seven HB indicators. Higher quality of life (QoL) was associated with more health behavior in three out of seven HB indicators. Conclusion: Findings show a predominantly health-conscious lifestyle in AYA cancer patients, though we also found harmful behavior which needs to be better approached—e.g., through improving AYAs’ health education. AYA men should be particularly targeted in specific prevention and health promotion measures. Future work should identify other factors associated with HB to evaluate targets for intervention.

The first chapter introduces the purpose and significance of this study for the piano teacher who wants to teach twentieth-century piano music effectively at the elementary or intermediate level, combining it and comparing it with nineteenth-century piano music. The second chapter presents an overview of both Schumann and Liebermann's Album for the Young. In the third chapter, the two collections are analyzed pedagogically and compared in detail. The study should provide piano teachers with an understanding of the musical concepts of each piece and how to effectively teach students about twentieth-century music by pairing them.

This thesis seeks to unearth the concept of breaking tradition in the field of Theatre for Young Audiences (TYA) in the United States by applying the avant-garde theory of Arnold Aronson as a lens through which to investigate the current development of US TYA. After formulating an approach in which to negotiate the concept of the avant-garde, I draft five tenets that currently define tradition in the field of US TYA. Situating these five tenets against Aronson's theoretical framework, I examine three contemporary US TYA plays from the past two centuries: Black Butterfly, Hush: An Interview with America, and Atypical Boy. Within these scripts, I probe for moments where these five tenets break to manifest possible tendencies toward the avant-garde. I then conclusively reflect and problematize these findings in order to raise questions about each script's relationship to the avant-garde and significance to the development of the field, ultimately provoking further discourse surrounding the role of avant-garde methodology within US TYA's current position and state of progression.

An actor seeking to improve his craft can find numerous sources containing countless tips and techniques on the art of acting. However, the majority of these books target the adult actor often leaving young performers struggling to understand complex acting theory. With the goals of creating a nurturing learning environment and quality performance work within a compact rehearsal schedule, this thesis project created and evaluated a new synthesis of modern acting theory for directors to use when working with young performers. This technique adapted and coalesced several perspectives on foundational acting theory-specifically looking at the use of a character's wants and actions as described by Bruder et al., Caldarone & Lloyd-Williams, Cohen, Jory, Mamet, and Stanislavski. I tested the developed technique using an independent production of The Cat Who Ran by Naoko Kudo performed by a group of seventh through tenth grade actors. This thesis shares the process of creating this rehearsal tool with its readers. This process included researching and synthesizing the technique, documenting my process as director and acting coach for The Cat Who Ran, testing the technique throughout the production of The Cat Who Ran, evaluating the effectiveness of the technique through qualitative observation from production team and audience members, and theorizing the potential effectiveness for other scripts. The documentation of the project includes surveys, worksheets, text analysis, and production photos.

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The purpose of this paper is to attempt to identify if different levels of young members of parliament have a noticeable effect on young voters. This is done by examining electoral turnout and trust in parliament through statistical analysis using Denmark and Sweden as comparative cases. This paper is grounded in recent studies and research into young voter behaviour and relevant factors for political participation, it also takes into account the increasing volume of argumentative writings on increasing representation of young voters in official offices such as parliaments. The data used for the statistical analysis is the European Social Survey, specifically round 9. In 2018 both Sweden and Denmark were at the end of government periods and therefore the data takes into account a period of differing levels in young members of parliament. The findings of this study confirm differences between young voters of Sweden and Denmark, trust does not differ despite different levels of young members of parliament between Denmark and Sweden but electoral turnout does and young age is much less important for young voter turnout in Sweden compared to Denmark. Which could be related to the different levels of young members of parliament.