Real estate is one of the reliable and important investment types for individuals and institutions. Interest in the price appraisal of real estate has increased with rapid development of real estate sector and its legal infrastructure in recent years. Conducting planned urbanization, choosing settlement areas and estimating their inner or outer transport costs, improving capital markets transparency, and reliability require a reliable price valuation of real estate assets. Appraisal in real estate is also important for the tax income of the national budget. In this thesis, it is investigated appraisal methods that are used in various countries and valuation approaches and methods that are used in Turkey are reviewed. The value, in the appraisal reports, is estimated with three traditional approaches: Sales Comparison, Cost, and Income Capitalization. In this thesis, Hedonic Price Approach and the availability of the application of this method in practice are investigated within the framework of seeking an alternative method for appraisal beyond three traditional approaches.

The aquaculture is the fastest growing food source globally, 47% of the aquatic food supply in the whole world came from aquaculture, may exceed 60% 20 years later, but aquaculture under the situation of sustainable development and environmental protection with surging consciousness in the coastal wetland inland, developments are also contracted by limit factors, Marine culture become an important way of development in the future, certainly will become the mainstream of future fishery. Taiwan, surround by sea, the area shallower than 30 meters of depth offshore (include the intertidal zone) is up to 300,000 hectares, is possessed of excellent aquatic aquacultural technique backgrounds, with both traditional and prospective aquacultural type at the same time, suitable for developing marine culture very much. Marine aquaculture of the ¡§demarcated fishing right ¡¨in the Fisheries Act currently, facing the complication and diversity of utilizing in the maritime spaces day by day, uncertainty about fishing right of policy from central government, and confused concept of ¡§title right¡¨, cause the perplexing and dispute of management. The integrated use of GPS, RS and GIS technology, has nearly already applied to every industry field in recent years, in addition, action device technology change with each passing day, let the aspect of 3-S technical application wider and diversification. Management and administration also need to come with the correct idea to marine aquaculture, can just develop sustainablly, it¡¦s necessary to utilize 3-S technology which mellower rapidly, as the tool of management of sea area of demarcated fishery and establish the mechanism and model of management, implement of sea farming, planned production, and the best practice of responsible fishery. This research shows, the government should face marine aquaculture industry squarely again, set up the intact mechanism of management and structure, need to combine and implement with the modern scientific and technological tool, start from each link, use the database platform of integrated 3-S technology, even cooperate with the action device, can offer the improved dynamic management model, and believe that provide the breakthrough reform benefit to development and management of marine aquaculture industry. In order to solve the problem that already been existed for a long time in industry, to set up suitable regulations for management and how to promote making the transition of industry in the future, can't solve all problems by the technological tool only, must still amend the policy and system, both improved in chorus, can offer the good development environment for marine aquaculture. The application of 3-S integrated technology to current demarcated fishing right fishery and future marine aquaculture: 1.Offer a reliable and practical tool for traditional demarcated fishing right fishery administration ; 2. An essential dynamic database of marine aquaculture management in the future; 3. Constructed database in existence must be exactly merged effectively. Should comply with the current tendency of the world, establish the marine functional zoning, changing the concept of marine space using: 1. The marine functional zoning system is a world trend; 2. Set up a sustainable mechanism of management to use ocean; 3. Break the confused concept of ¡§title right¡¨; 4. Public wealth and pay for marine use. The integrated regulation of marine aquaculture should include: 1. Application and permission of the license to marine space using right; 2. Arrangement of management fund; 3. The items of marine pollution monitoring and the precaution implement; 4.The essential items of health management of the aquatic species cultured; 5. The establishment of the ¡§Traceability System¡¨ and dynamic database; 6. Advancing marine aquaculture insurance; 7. Aquatic food security.

This thesis focuses on the application of scientific information and planning support system (PSS) technologies to community planning and decision-making processes. Years of scientific research and recent technologicaladvances have produced a wealth of information and increased accessibility to this information. Technological advances have also enhanced the types of analysis that can be done to support planning and decision-making processes. However, having the capability to access this wealth of information and perform advanced analyses does not necessarily mean it results in incorporation of the data and analysis into. the planning or decision-making process.The main objective of this research is to devise a methodology to evaluate the role and impact of PSS technologies and scientific information on community level planning and decision-making processes. The methodology consists of six areas of focus: (l) issue of concern; (2) characteristics of the planning and decision-making process; (3) relevance of science to the issue; (4) capabilities ofthe PSS system; (5) roles and capabilities of the planners and decision-makers; and (6) impact of the science.The methodology is applied to Walden, Tennessee as the town goes through the process of creating a conservation-oriented zoning ordinance.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1985.

This research investigates why British Columbian local governments are motivated to implement Community Amenity Contributions (CACs). Local governments that are considering adopting a CAC policy may benefit from this report. Data was obtained from developers, planners and politicians through online surveys and semi-structured interviews. The survey was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the interview data was analyzed using content analysis. All participants viewed CACs as an effective means to raise revenue to pay for growth-related costs. All participants agreed that CACs are not used as a market-based planning tool to influence urban form. Four recommendations are made: 1) obtain Canadian empirical data on the impact of Development Charges 2) improve CACs by broadening the scope of provincial DCC legislation to include amenities now funded through CACs; 3) consider the market effects of CACs, especially on affordable housing; and 4) employ economists to analyze externalized costs of development for planning departments. / October 2015

Genomförandeavtal är ett civilrättsligt avtal med offentligrättslig grund. Ingen lag behandlar upprättandet av genomförandeavtal, däremot har kommunen och exploatören stöd från bland annat plan- och bygglagen (PBL) och lagen om offentlig upphandling (LOU) vid upprättande av avtal. I tidigare studier har problematiken angående bristande lagstiftning gällande upprättandet av genomförandeavtal diskuterats. Det primära syftet är att analysera sex genomförandeavtal i Västra Götalands län. Granskningen bygger på en textanalys, det vill säga en kvalitativ metod för att få en djupare förståelse i hur avtalen skrivs. En sammanställning görs för att få en bra överblick över de olika bestämmelserna i avtalen. De tre frågeställningar som besvaras i studien avser vad kommunen och exploatören reglerar i avtalen, vad som eventuellt saknar lagstöd samt om planen genomförs. Resultatet i studien visar att två av de sex avtal som har ingått i studien är mindre detaljerade medan de andra fyra är utförligare. Efter granskning av avtal i studien kan en slutsats dras att grundläggande information om exempelvis parter, exploateringsområde och köpeskilling finns med i alla avtalen. Gemensamt för avtalen är också att vissa formuleringar är opreciserade och därför svåra att tolka samt att alla avtalen saknar bestämmelser angående vilka konsekvenser som blir om delar av avtalen inte genomförs. Avtalen innehåller även villkor som eventuellt saknar lagstöd. Det visade sig också att områdena i princip utformades enligt detaljplanerna. / Implementation Agreement is a civil contract with public legal basis. No law deals with establishing the implementing agreement, however, the municipality and the developer support from, among other things, the Planning and Building Act (PBA) and the Public Procurement Act (LOU) on the formation of contracts. In previous studies, the problem regarding the lack of legislation regulating the establishment of implementation agreements has been discussed. The primary purpose is to analyze six executive agreements in California. The review is based on a text analysis, i.e. a qualitative method to gain a deeper understanding of how contracts are written. A compilation is done to get a good overview of the various provisions of the agreements. The three questions answered in this study refers to what the municipality and the developer regulate in the agreements, what possibly has no legal basis and also if the plan is implemented. The results of the study show that two of the six contracts that have been included in the study are less detailed, while the other four are more detailed. After reviewing the agreement in the study, a conclusion is drawn that basic information such as parties, exploitation area and the purchase price is included in all contracts. In common for the agreements are also that some formulations are imprecise and therefore difficult to interpret. The agreements also contain conditions that may lack legal support. It was also found that the area were basically designed according to detailed plans.

Urban agriculture and the local food movement have taken main stage both in academic discourse and public and political media. Socio-environmental downfalls of our current industrial food systems have been highlighted, compelling the public and political spheres to engage in activities that support the integration of local, urban food-growing systems. This thesis aims to contribute to that integration by examining possibilities for urban agriculture within the city limits of Atlanta. Through geospatial analysis methods and consultation of city and county property records, possible future sites were ascertained using socioeconomic and ecological factors, with 21 key neighborhoods found to have the greatest potential and need to transform existing land use for agricultural purposes. This research contributes to the larger goal of systemic integration of urban and local food systems into our current economic, political and social landscape, and the study is framed using social theoretical insights from urban geography. While further examination of these urban agricultural food systems is vital, this thesis contributes to broader discussions about urban environmental sustainability and supports the roots of the local food movement by identifying possible sites for food cultivation and food markets.

published_or_final_version / Management Studies / Master / Master of Philosophy

This dissertation is primarily concerned with a number of theoretical and empirical problems in the economics of land-use control. Chapter 1 sets the stage for the review of the economic literature on zoning and neighborhood externalities. This chapter concludes that there are important research issues which need to be studied, viz. the recognition of the multi-nucleated character of the contemporary urban areas, and the need to take account of both the advantages and disadvantages of proximity of single-family homes to nonresidential activities. Since economic research so far has failed to establish conclusively that neighborhood externalities affect adversely or advantageously the market value of residential properties, Chapter 2 shall discuss household behavior when confronting neighborhood externalities, with special reference to land-use externalities. The discussion suggests, among other things, that the existence of nonsingle-family land uses in a neighborhood does not necessarily tend to depress the price of single-family homes. Chapter 3 provides a data base for the research. Then, in Chapter 4 the hypothesized relationship between neighborhood externalities and residential property value is tested econometrically using aggregate data for 52 neighborhoods in the City of Tucson. The results of the estimations indicate that the value of a single-family home depends, among other things, on its physical characteristics, its accessibility to employment and shopping, and local public services. For the first time, there is statistical evidence that over the ranges studied in this research nonsingle-family land uses exert a positive influence on residential property value. These results suggest that the time has come to redirect future research or policy efforts toward viewing mixed land uses possibly as a beneficial contribution to contemporary urban development. That is, zoning ordinances could legitimately move away from a "separate facilities" philosophy to a "mixed land use" philosophy without lowering property values. Issues of accessibility and restrictions in the availability of energy resources could have much to do with the lessening importance of conventional belief in separatory land planning doctrines.

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