In recent years, causewayed enclosures have come to be regarded as being ceremonial or ritual sites. This classification is derived from a perceived lack of evidence pertaining to domestic settlement, in the form of houses and 'typical' domestic animal bone assemblages, and a perceived abundance of 'atypical' material and methods of deposition. This thesis explores the animal bone from the Etton causewayed enclosure in order to ascertain whether these perceptions have an empirical basis. Etton was excavated in the 1980s, and the published literature relating to the site appeared to conform to the stereotypes established for causewayed enclosure sites, however during preliminary analysis, it became clear that the animal bone data was not complete and that many of the inferences regarding the role of animals at Etton were the result of presumption or data being taken out of context. Specifically, this thesis looks at the nature of the fractures on the animal bones from Etton, and also from a similar causewayed enclosure at Staines in order to establish a clear taphonomic history for the faunal remains on the site, from which aspects of the role of animals can be deduced. In archaeological literature the absence of 'fresh', or helical fractures (which tend to result from the conscious decision to break a bone for marrow) is said to support the hypothesis that sites of this type were not domestic in nature. This assertion has been made despite the fact that no detailed studies into bone fracture at Neolithic sites have ever been undertaken. This thesis demonstrates that at both Etton and Staines, fresh fractures were abundant and considers the potential implications of this for these sites. In so doing it highlights the dangers of presuming evidence exists or does not exist, and of cherry-picking data to fit a preordained ideal rather than allowing the data to speak for itself. At Etton and Staines, the animal bone speaks not necessarily of a categorically ceremonial or ritual economy, divorced from the domestic economy of the time, but of a more mundane economy, with occasional 'atypical' activity, that was standard for the inhabitants of causewayed enclosures, whether at this type of site or elsewhere.

Over the past decade, historians and archaeologists have become increasingly aware that the Mid Saxon period in England (7th-9th centuries AD) witnessed a transformation in agricultural practices. According to the emergent consensus, in contrast to the heavily pastoral, broadly subsistence-based mode of agriculture characteristic of the Early Saxon period (5th-7th centuries), Mid Saxon agriculture was geared towards higher levels of surplus production and placed a greater emphasis upon arable farming. The increased cultivation of bread wheat and the specialist production of sheep’s wool have been identified as particularly important innovations of this period. This thesis represents the first attempt to explore agricultural development in Mid Saxon England on a systematic archaeological basis. It considers settlement, zooarchaeological, and archaeobotanical evidence in detail, with a special emphasis on charred plant remains. The analyses utilize data gathered from excavation reports, published and unpublished, covering two case study regions: (i) the Upper/Middle Thames valley and environs, and (ii) East Anglia and Essex. In addition, a sub-assemblage of charred plant remains from a Mid Saxon monastic site at Lyminge (Kent) is studied at first hand. In this way, a series of agricultural innovations is identified in the archaeological record, including in particular: specialized pastoralism, an increased emphasis on sheep in some regions, an expansion of arable production, growth in fibre production, growth in cereal surpluses, a consequent investment in specialist storage and processing facilities, and a general diversification of crop spectra. These innovations were contingent upon, and adapted to, local environmental factors. The process of agricultural development is thought to have begun in the 7th century and continued through the 8th and 9th centuries, facilitated and stimulated by newly consolidated élite landholdings and, probably, a growing population.

This analysis of faunal remains from eleven archaeological sites in the northern San Juan region, extensively occupied by the Ancestral Pueblo people until they leave the region by AD 1300, explores the effects of resource intensification of small wild and domestic resources leading up to this regional depopulation. By examining multiple lines of evidence, in addition to faunal abundance, causal factors are identified to address changes in abundances through time. In particular, age- and sex-based mortality are examined for lagomorphs (jackrabbits and cottontails) and domesticated turkey, respectively, to test hypotheses generated using the prey and patch choice models. Analyses of these resources follow a systematic paleontology which provides explicit identifications made of five sites from a large study area, Goodman Point Pueblo Unit. These data are integrated with those from large village sites from the encompassing central Mesa Verde region. The results of both analyses help clarify why the Ancestral Pueblo people left southwestern Colorado. During the final twenty-year occupation period, the results of this study support a shift from reliance on turkey husbandry to intense exploitation of locally available garden resources (i.e. cottontails).

Small mammals, namely those species larger than microfauna like rats and murids but smaller than medium, sheep-size fauna, are generally one of the less studied areas of zooarchaeology. While this may be partly influenced by modern cultural biases, it is more often because finding small, rabbit-sized, mammal remains in archaeological deposits presents a problem in accurately differentiating between those arising from natural, biological and anthropogenic agencies. This thesis tackles this subject using a synthesis of different methods, examining the exploitation and role of small, non-ungulate mammals in early Western European prehistory by combining existing ethnographic knowledge and archaeological research with actualistic experiments and bone assemblage analysis. It first presents a detailed summary of the various taphonomic effects on bone from natural, biological and human action, with particular reference to those of small mammals, using empirical evidence to describe the processes and likely resultant effects. Small mammal utilisation is then contextualised using archaeological and ethnographic evidence to examine past and present practices in Europe and other areas of the world. Different acquisition methods, such as hunting and trapping, are described, and using small mammals for dietary and non-dietary purposes is outlined, along with the rationale for such utilisation given their size. Also considered are other, more abstract ideological and symbolic roles they fulfilled within different cultures, whether physically using parts of the animal, or conceptually. To extend the existing methods available to zooarchaeologists, and improve identifying human exploitation of these species, the ‘chaîne opératoire’ of small game use is examined from an osteological perspective, starting with acquisition, through processing, cooking and consumption to discard, using a series of experiments and microscopic analysis to explore potential bone modification signatures and fracture patterns arising from such activities. Finally, it places these results into broader context by comparing the fracture patterns with bones from British and North American archaeological sites, to demonstrate that similar changes can be seen.

A utilização dos produtos provenientes de elasmobrânquios é demonstrada desde os primeiros grupos que habitaram o nosso litoral. Pode-se afirmar estas relações com o estudo dos sítios arqueológicos denominados sambaquis, que foram utilizados pelos grupos de pescadores-coletores do litoral. Analisamos sete sambaquis localizados no litoral do Estado de São Paulo: sambaqui Maratuá, sambaqui do Mar Casado, sambaqui do Buracão, sambaquis Cosipa e sambaqui Piaçaguera (Baixada Santista), sítio Tenório e sítio do Mar Virado (Litoral Norte). Foram analisados 15.447 elementos faunísticos de elasmobrânquios, onde se identificou 16 espécies: tubarão-mangona - Carcharias taurus, tubarão-raposa - Alopias vulpinus, tubarão-branco - Carcharodon carcharias, anequim - Isurus oxyrinchus, Carcharhinus sp., tubarão-cabeça-chata - C. leucas, tubarão-fidalgo - C. obscurus, cação-baleeiro - C. plumbeus, tubarão-tigre - Galeocerdo cuvier, tubarão-azul - Prionace glauca, cação-frango - Rhizoprionodon sp., tubarão-martelo - Sphyrna tiburo, raia-serra - Pristis sp., raia-morcego - Aetobatus narinari, raia-sapo - Myliobatis goodei e raia-ticonha - Rhinoptera bonasus. Os grupos de pescadores-coletores utilizam os dentes, vértebras e ferrões dos tubarões e raias principalmente como instrumentos e adornos. A identificação de espécies de elasmobrânquios em sambaquis demonstra a relação e utilização destes pelo homem, conseqüentemente apresentando grande significância para vários grupos costeiros não só de nossa costa como em todas as regiões do mundo / The use of the originating products of elasmobranchs is demonstrated by them from the first groups that lived in our coast. It is possible to affirm these relations with the study of the archaeological so-called shell mounds, which were used by the groups of fishing-gatherers of the coast. We analyse seven shell mounds located in the coast of the State of São Paulo: sambaqui Maratuá, sambaqui do Mar Casado, sambaqui do Buracão, sambaquis Cosipa, sambaqui Piaçaguera, sítio Tenório e sítio do Mar Virado. 15.447 elements elasmobranchs faunal remains were analysed, where one identified 16 species: sandtiger shark - Carcharias taurus, thresher shark - Alopias vulpinus, white shark - Carcharodon carcharias, shortfin mako - Isurus oxyrinchus, Carcharhinus sp., bull shark - C. leucas, dusky shark - C. obscurus, sandbar shark - C. plumbeus, tiger shark - Galeocerdo cuvier, blue shark - Prionace glauca, sharpnose shark - Rhizoprionodon sp., bonnethead shark - Sphyrna tiburo, sawfish - Pristis sp., bat ray - Aetobatus narinari, eagle ray - Myliobatis goodei e cownose ray - Rhinoptera bonasus. The groups of fishig-gatherers use the teeth, vertebrae and spines of the sharks and you shine principally like instruments and adornments. The identification of species of elasmobranchs in shell mounds, it demonstrates the relation and use of this for the human being, consequently presenting great signification for several coastal groups not only of our coast I eat in all the regions of the world

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-12-12T12:19:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Suliano Ferrasso_.pdf: 13509868 bytes, checksum: db714eb0da38099d01211d65c9c973e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-12T12:19:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Suliano Ferrasso_.pdf: 13509868 bytes, checksum: db714eb0da38099d01211d65c9c973e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-26 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / Os pinípedes são carnívoros marinhos que iniciam sua história evolutiva no Oligoceno médio, em torno de 65 milhões de anos. Eles ocorrem em praticamente todos os oceanos do mundo e vem interagindo com populações humanas desde a pré-história em várias regiões do globo. Para a costa brasileira já foram registradas oito espécies de pinípedes, das quais sete já foram encontradas no litoral do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). A partir da análise de remanescentes ósseos resgatados em sítios arqueológicos, sugere-se que os registros pretéritos de pinípedes na costa do Brasil estariam associados aos depósitos do Quaternário. Para o RS são poucos os trabalhos versando sobre osteologia de pinípedes, na maioria são estudos cranianos com amostras atuais sobre diagnose ou ainda dimorfismo sexual, mas muito pouco relacionado à remanescentes arqueológicos. Neste sentido é necessário um aprofundamento sobre a composição das espécies, abundância de indivíduos, ocorrência e tipo de interação destas espécies com grupos humanos pré-históricos. Para tanto o presente estudo foi realizado em cinco sítios arqueológicos do litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul (LNRS), localizados entre Xangri-lá (29°47'23.72"S; 50°02'1824"W) e Arroio do Sal (29°27'0.27"S; 49°49'1.74"W), os quais estavam vinculados á Tradição Sambaqui. O método de prospecção (escavação) seguiu o de cortes horizontais artificiais nivelados, aprofundando verticalmente, formando níveis artificiais sucessivos para assegurar a profundidade e origem dos remanescentes faunísticos. O volume de material prospectado nos cinco sítios variou entre 0,30 m3 e ± 15,18 m3. Neste estudo, foram selecionadas seis quadrículas com remanescentes faunísticos dos cinco sítios para análise, cada uma diferindo em tamanho e espessura estratigráfica arqueológica. Todos os remanescentes ósseos encontrados em cada quadrícula foram coletados nas trincheiras escavadas e levados para triagem e tombamento na Reserva Técnica de Arqueologia do Instituto Anchietano de Pesquisas/Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (IAP-UNISINOS). Durante a triagem em laboratório foram selecionados para este estudo exclusivamente os remanescentes de pinípedes, com base na comparação com esqueletos de espécimes de espécies atuais e da literatura. Como resultado de riqueza taxonômica sob a ótica da zooarqueologia (NISP), foram encontrados 159 remanescentes de pinípedes nos sítios do LNRS, totalizando um MNI de 17 indivíduos. O sítio RS-LN-19 de Xangri-lá apresentou o maior NISP com 130 remanescentes, unicamente da família Otariidae e com pelo menos duas espécies identificadas (Arctocephalus australis e Otaria flavescens). A análise dos remanescentes ósseos do gênero Arctocephalus revelou o predomínio de indivíduos jovens, e adultos em O. flavescens. Este resultado na composição pretérita das espécies de pinípedes encontrados nos sambaquis no litoral do RS sugere que são as mesmas que ocorrem na atualidade, além de indicar que as antigas populações humanas já interagiam com estes animais. Contudo, não se descarta a hipótese de que otariídeos antárticos e subantárticos também tenham ocorrido na região no passado, já que em alguns casos só foi possível chegar até a identificação de gênero nos remanescentes analisados. Por fim, é importante salientar que em 19,53% (n = 25) dos remanescentes ósseos encontrados, foram identificadas marcas de manipulação antrópica como corte (pequenas incisões oblíquas, transversais e subparalelas) e 5,46% (n = 7) coloração enegrecida possivelmente oriunda da queima. Desta forma sugere-se que as antigas populações humanas do LNRS poderiam utilizar os pinípedes como recurso alimentar ocasional. / Pinnipeds are marine carnivores that emerged in the mid-Oligocene, around 65 million years ago. They occur in virtually every ocean in the world and have been interacting with human populations since prehistory in various regions of the globe. For the Brazilian coast eight species of pinnipeds have already been recorded, of which seven have been found on the coast of Rio Grande do Sul. Based on the analysis of bone remnants recovered at archaeological sites, it is suggested that the past records of pinnipeds on the coast of Brazil would be associated with Quaternary deposits. For the Rio Grande do Sul state coast there are few studies on osteology of pinnipeds, mostly diagnostic or sexual dimorphism studies base on skull samples of current species but there is very little information related to archaeological remnants of pinnipeds. In this context, it is still necessary the analyses of the species composition, abundance of individuals, occurrence and type of interaction of these species with prehistoric humans in the region. The present study was carried out in five archaeological sites on the north coast of Rio Grande do Sul (NCRS), between Xangri-la (29 ° 47'23.72 "S, 50 ° 02'1824" W) and Arroio do Sal 29 ° 27'0.27 "S, 49 ° 49'1.74" W), which were linked to the Sambaqui Tradition. The method of prospecting (excavation) was used in order to obatin several artificial horizontal levels, deepening vertically, forming successive artificial levels to assure the depth and origin of the faunistic remnants. The volume of material prospected at these five sites ranged from 0.30 m3 to ± 15.18 m3. In this study, six squares with faunal remnants of the five sites were selected for analysis, each differing in size and archaeological stratigraphic thickness. All the bone remains found in each square were collected in the excavated trenches and taken to the Archaeological Technical Reserve of the Instituto Anchietano de Pesquisas / Vale do Rio dos Sinos (IAP-UNISINOS). During the laboratory screening, only the remnants of pinnipeds were selected for this study, based on the comparison with skeletons of specimens of current species and the literature. As a result of taxonomic richness from the perspective of zooarchaeology, 159 remnants of pinnipeds were found as number of idenfied specimens (NISP) in the NCRS sites, totaling a minimum number of individuals (MNI) of 17. The RS-LN-19 site of Xangri-la presented the largest NISP, with 130 remnants only for the Otariidae Family, and with at least two identified species (Arctocephalus australis and Otaria flavescens). The analysis of the bone remnants of the genus Arctocephalus revealed the predominance of young individuals, and mainly adults of O. flavescens. This result in the past composition of the pinniped species found in the sambaquis in the RS coast suggests that they are the same that occur today, besides indicating that the ancient human populations already interacted with these animals. However, it is not ruled out that Antarctic and subantarctic antarctic have also occurred in the region in the past, since in some cases it was only possible to identify until the genus in the remnants analyzed. Finally, it is important to note that in 19.53% (n = 25) of the remaining bone remnants, anthropic manipulation marks were identified as cut (small oblique, transverse and subparallel incisions) and 5.46% (n = 7) blackened spots, possibly dut to burning. In this way, it is suggested that the ancient human populations of NCRS could use pinnipeds as an occasional food resource.

Estudos tafonômicos são relevantes para o entendimento de contextos deposicionais em sítios paleontológicos e arqueológicos, podendo ser ferramenta útil na correta interpretação desses registros. Recorrente em estudos dessa natureza é o problema da equifinalidade, em que dois ou mais processos levam a um mesmo padrão final. No caso dos estudos zooarqueológicos esse problema se torna mais aparente, uma vez que dois fatores são responsáveis pela formação e configuração final da fauna depositada nos sítios arqueológicos, sendo eles a ação humana e a ação natural. Com a finalidade de gerar assinaturas tafonômicas para auxiliar na compreensão do registro arqueológico, o presente estudo utilizou uma coleção paleontológica (Cuvieri) e uma coleção etnográfica (Guajá) como \"controle\". Ao todo quatro coleções osteológicas de mamíferos de médio e grande porte (Mazama sp., Tapirus terrestris, Tayassu sp.) foram analisadas: coleção etnográfica dos índios Guajá (Maranhão, Brasil) onde somente o agente antrópico incidiu na formação; coleção paleontológica do sítio Cuvieri (Minas Gerais, Brasil) formada unicamente pelo agente natural; e coleção arqueológica dos sítios Lapa do Santo e Lapa das Boleiras (Minas Gerais - Brasil). Ferramentas consagradas na literatura zooarqueológica foram utilizadas, sendo a Densidade Óssea (VD - volume density) e o índice de Utilidade Alimentar (FUI - food utility index) os mais importantes, além de análises envolvendo fragmentação óssea, sinais de queima e marcas de corte. As análises comparativas realizadas geraram resultados significativos no que diz respeito à formação do registro arqueológico, e em última instância quanto às estratégias de subsistência das populações pré-históricas de Lagoa Santa. A partir de análises de correlação não paramétrica (Spearman) envidenciou-se ausência de correlação entre representatividade óssea (MAU - minimal animal unit) e utilidade alimentar (FUI - food utility index), bem como entre representatividade e densidade óssea (VD - volume density) no sítio etnográfico e no sítio arqueológico. Entretanto, houve correlação entre densidade e representatividade óssea no sítio paleontológico. Uma correlação estatisticamente não significativa entre MAU e FUI nos sítios arqueológicos era esperada, como corroborada pelo sítio etnográfico. No entanto, a correlação entre densidade e representatividade encontrada no sítio paleontológico não foi encontrada no sítio arqueológico o que pode ser explicado neste último caso, entre outros fatores, pela atividade humana. Análises de fragmentação óssea demonstraram diferenças significativas entre os sítios, principalmente quando considerados apenas os ossos longos, que são os mais processados para o consumo humano. A fragmentação apresentou-se maior nos sítios em que houve ação humana (etnográfico e arqueológicos). Com relação à queima e marcas de corte, foram obtidos resultados relevantes em termos etnográficos, demonstrando processamentos diferenciais entre os taxa analisados mesmo na ausência da ação de processos diagenéticos. Os resultados demonstram a utilidade de estudos comparativos entre coleções de diferentes contextos (e.g., paleontológicas, etnográficas, e arqueológicos) para melhor entendimento da gênese e da transformação de assembléias fósseis, minimizando assim o problema da equifinalidade. / To understand depositional contexts in archaeological and palaeontological sites, taphonomic studies are of relevant importance. One of the main questions about faunal representation in archaeological sites is the problem with equifinality, when similar patterns in time and space emerge from different conditions and processes. Human and natural agencies are the processes that affect the fossil assemblage recovered in archaeological sites; that, if not correctly understood, can lead to wrong interpretations. To solve this problem, taphonomic signatures of palaeontological (natural agency) and ethnographic collections (human agency) were used as a \"control\" to the interpretation of zooarchaeological record. Four osteological collections comprised of medium and large mammals (Mazama sp., Tapirus terrestris, Tayassu sp.) were analyzed: an ethnographic collection of Guajá indians (Maranhão, Brazil), a palaeontological collection of Cuvieri (Minas Gerais, Brazil) and two archaeological collections of Lapa do Santo and Lapa das Boleiras (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Bone density (VD - volume density) and utility index (FUI - food utility index) were the two main analytical tools used to characterize the collections, together with bone fragmentation, bone burning and cut marks analyses. Spearman correlation analysis shows no statistically significant results between FUI and animal representation (MAU), neither between MAU and bone density in the archaeological and ethnographic sites. Bone density correlates statistically with MAU in Cuvieri. No significant statistic correlation was obtained in archaeological and ethnographic context between MAU and FUI as expected. The absence of a significant statistic correlation between MAU and VD in the archaeological sites can be attributed to human agency. Bone fragmentation analyses revealed great fragmentation in the archaeological and the ethnographic sites when analyzing long bones only, since they are the most skeletal part modified by human processes. Bone burning and cut mark analyses revealed relevant ethnographic information about human processing of animal carcass even when no post-depositional bias has occurred. The analyses of palaeontological and ethnographic sites revealed information applicable to archaeological sites contributing to solve equifinality questions.

Por volta de 1900 BP houve uma brusca mudança na composição das camadas do sambaqui Jabuticabeira II. As camadas até então compostas por uma predominância de conchas passam a apresentar uma ausência quase total de material conchífero, tornando-se mais terroso e muito escuro (Terra Preta). O objetivo deste trabalho é fornecer dados para a compreensão deste processo de formação da Terra Preta no sítio Jabuticabeira II e investigar os motivos de tais mudanças. A nossa análise será realizada a partir do ponto de vista zooarqueológico, tentando observar, em detalhes, os componentes faunísticos das camadas. / These research has as objetive the comprehension of the changes in the formation process of a shellmound Jabuticabeira II, Santa Catarina South-coast Brazil. The layers built with shells start to change, in 1900 BP, and the constrution becomes composed by black earth. Our aim is provide datas to understand this process by zooarchaeological point of view.

As pesquisas atuais sobre os sambaquis litorâneos no Brasil os consideram estruturas intencionalmente construídas a partir de unidades culturais complexas, de processo contínuo de sedentarização e adensamento demográfico, que se expandiram por toda a costa brasileira entre pelo menos sete mil e mil e quinhentos anos atrás. Após esse período de dominação sambaquieira em ecossistemas costeiros, ocorreu um processo de mudança na configuração dos sítios, marcado pela presença de cerâmica em camadas mais recentes dos sambaquis e pelo surgimento de novos assentamentos tardios. Tais transformações são interpretadas como o início do contato entre povos interioranos e as populações do litoral. Essa pesquisa de mestrado buscou aprofundar o conhecimento obtido a respeito do sítio cerâmico Galheta IV (datado entre 1256-1031 e 690-530 cal AP) durante o projeto Sambaquis e Paisagem, a partir de uma perspectiva zooarqueológica, e trazer novos dados que auxiliem na compreensão dos processos de descontinuidade da construção de sítios conchíferos no litoral sul catarinense. As análises contemplaram áreas intra-sítio na tentativa de compreender sua contextualização relacional e espacial. Os resultados identificaram vestígios zooarqueológicos atuando como acompanhamentos funerários. Uma concentração de vestígios de fauna em uma área específica do sítio arqueológico, associada à grande quantidade concreções, apontam para um alto processamento e consumo de vertebrados relacionados ao contexto funerário do sítio. A presença significativa de espécies marinhas de grande porte, como pinípedes, tubarões, e cetáceos, somados aos resultados de análises isotópicas previamente desenvolvidas, inaugura um panorama que difere dos demais estudos de fauna em sítios costeiros desenvolvidas até então, nos quais os peixes são fontes proteicas predominantes na dieta de populações pré ceramistas e ceramistas. Esses animais marinhos de elevado nível de cadeia trófica, somados aos peixes, aves e tartarugas marinhas, demonstram uma continuidade e intensificação das práticas pesqueiras desenvolvidas por grupos sambaquieiros, numa adaptação para a captura de recursos junto às áreas próximas ao costão rochoso e ao mar aberto. / Current research on the coastal shellmounds (or sambaquis) in Brazil considers them structures intentionally constructed from complex cultural units, a continuous process of sedentarization and demographic densification, which have expanded throughout the Brazilian coast between at least seven thousand and fifteen hundred years ago. After this period of shellmounds domination in coastal ecosystems, a process of change in the configuration of the sites occurred, marked by the presence of pottery in more recent layers of the shellmounds and by the appearance of new late settlements. Such transformations are interpreted as the beginning of contact between the interior peoples and the coastal populations. This master\'s research sought to deepen the knowledge obtained about the Galheta IV ceramic site (dating from 1256-1031 and 690-530 cal BP) during the Sambaquis e Paisagem project, from a zooarchaeological perspective, and to bring new data that contribute to the understanding of the discontinuity processes of the construction of shellmounds sites in the south coast of Santa Catarina. Analyzes contemplated intra-site areas in an attempt to understand their relational and spatial contextualization. The results identified zooarchaeological vestiges acting as funerary accompaniments. A concentration of fauna remains in a specific area of the archaeological site, associated to a large number of concretions, point to a high processing and consumption of vertebrates related to the funerary context of the site. The significant presence of large marine species, such as pinnipeds, sharks, and cetaceans, added to the results of previously developed isotopic analyzes, inaugurates a panorama that differs from other studies of fauna in coastal sites developed until then, in which fish are protein sources predominant in the diet of pre-ceramic and ceramic populations. These marine animals of high trophic chain, in addition to fish, birds and sea turtles, demonstrate a continuity and intensification of the fishing practices developed by sambaquis people, in an adaptation for the capture of resources near the rocky coast and the open sea.

Les efforts récents portés sur l’archéologie des périodes historiques dans la Caraïbe permettent de se pencher sur la vie quotidienne des colons européens et des populations serviles dans les Petites Antilles françaises. Les vestiges fauniques apportent un éclairage complémentaire aux données textuelles pour documenter l’adaptation de ces nouveaux arrivants à un environnement insulaire qui leur était inconnu. L’étude archéozoologique a porté sur un ensemble de 27 sites de Guadeloupe, Martinique et Saint-Martin, couvrant la période de la colonisation européenne (première moitié du XVIIe siècle) aux temps qui ont suivi l’abolition de l’esclavage. Treize habitations, douze sites urbains, un atelier production de chaux et une épave de goélette ont livré un corpus de 18 101 restes identifiés, qui témoignent de l’exploitation de 176 espèces de vertébrés et d’invertébrés. Les espèces importées, en particulier le boeuf, les caprinés (mouton et chèvre) et le cochon, indiquent que les colons ont apporté avec eux les pratiques européennes. Néanmoins, la présence de 53 espèces de poissons et de 90 espèces d’invertébrés marins indiquent que les populations coloniales ont rapidement su exploiter la richesse de leur nouvel environnement. La faible présence de la morue dans les assembles a été remarqué, contrastant avec l’importance de ce taxon suggérée par les sources historiques. / Recent efforts in the archeology of historical periods in the Caribbean allow investigating the daily life of European settlers and servile populations in the French Lesser Antilles. Faunal remains provide an additional insight to textual data to document the adaptation of these newcomers to an insular environment that was unknown to them. The archaeozoological study focused on a set of 27 sites in Guadeloupe, Martinique and Saint-Martin, covering the period of European colonization (first half of the 17th century) to the times that followed the abolition of slavery. Thirteen habitations, twelve urban sites, a lime production workshop and a schooner wreckage yielded a corpus of 18,101 identified remains, which testify to the exploitation of 176 species of vertebrates and invertebrates. Imported species, especially beef, caprines (sheep and goat) and pig, indicate that settlers brought with them European practices. Nevertheless, the presence of 53 species of fish and 90 species of marine invertebrates indicates that colonial populations have been able to exploit the richness of their new environment. The low presence of cod in the assemblages was noted, contrasting with the importance of this taxon suggested by historical sources.