Today’s knowledge about late medieval ships is very poor, especially when it comes to caravel-built warships in northern Europe. In 1971 some sport divers found a wreck in the archipelago of Ronneby, that proved to be the Danish king Hans great ship Gribshunden, which sank in 1495. The wreck has been investigated in recent years by Kalmar läns museum and MARIS from Södertörn högskola. The research potential is from an archaeological perspective tremendous. The wreck is in very good condition compared to other finds around the world, it is unique. My intention with this thesis is to find out why the wreck hasn’t disintegrated and totally disappeared like most of contemporary wrecks. To understand the factors that are involved in the decomposition process, the wreck is analyzed with regard to Keith Muckelroy´s maritime version of “site formation process”, which presents a set of analytic tools to assess how different processes affect a wreck and its find place, both in the short and long terms. Hopefully, this thesis might be useful when it comes to find still undiscovered wrecks in similar environments.

The relationship between the business-formation process and the use of government or outside counselling is examined, by differentiating, among a total group of 78 small-firm owners, between those who created their ventures and those who bought them. The group of venture initiators was found as having requested government help in one-third of the start-ups, while none of the business buyers had resorted to such support. At the same time, the first group displayed a more internal locus of control disposition than the other, thus reinforcing earlier findings about entrepreneurs. Both groups, however, were strongly internal-oriented compared to general populations. SOMMAIRE: À partir d'un groupe de propriétaires, créateurs ou acquéreurs, de petites entreprises, l'auteur établit le rapport entre le processus d'établissement et le recours au counselling gouvernemental ou exterieur. On constate que le tiers des propriétaires qui ont créé leur entreprise ont demandé l'aide du gouvernement, contre aucun parmi ceux qui s'en sont portés acquéreurs. On a également constaté que le premier groupe avait une nette tendance à établir Ie siège du contrôle à l'interieur des structures comparativement aux autres, ce qui renforce les constatations précédentes au sujet des entrepreneurs. Toutefois, les deux groupes à l'étude mettaient un accent beaucoup plus prononcé sur le controle interne que le reste des entreprises.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esta pesquisa tem como tema central o processo contÃnuo de formaÃÃo humana e musical dos integrantes do Grupo de MÃsica Percussiva AcadÃmicos da Casa Caiada (GMPACC) da Universidade Federal do Cearà (UFC). O interesse por esse aspecto veio da minha prÃpria experiÃncia com atividades de percussÃo dentro da Universidade Federal do Cearà - UFC, em organizaÃÃes nÃo governamentais (ONGs) e em grupos de maracatus, na cidade de Fortaleza. Pude observar que a partir de 2006 houve um aumento significativo do surgimento de grupos percussivos voltados para atividades no perÃodo carnavalesco e tambÃm a grande procura de pessoas em participar destes agrupamentos na cidade. Na UFC, criou-se em 2008 um projeto de extensÃo do curso de licenciatura em mÃsica da UFC denominado pela sigla GMPACC, tendo a coordenaÃÃo do Prof. Dr. Erwin Schrader e sob minha regÃncia a partir de 2009. O grupo possui como proposta oferecer uma formaÃÃo humana e musical atravÃs das prÃticas percussivas em contexto colaborativo, principalmente, para jovens das escolas pÃblicas do bairro de Messejana. Desde o ano de 2009 atà 2012, certifiquei que alguns integrantes fazem parte do projeto desde o inÃcio das atividades e vale reforÃar que o grupo nÃo à voltado apenas para atividades carnavalescas como se apresenta, normalmente, no cenÃrio percussivo em Fortaleza. A partir dessa permanÃncia dos ritmistas no grupo pude indagar sobre o que caracteriza e como acontece o processo contÃnuo de formaÃÃo humana e musical dos integrantes permanentes no GMPACC (UFC) sob uma perspectiva de EducaÃÃo Musical no perÃodo dos anos de 2009 a 2012. Para realizaÃÃo desta pesquisa tÃm-se como suporte teÃrico autores como Ribeiro (1996) e Miranda (2009) sobre a temÃtica dos contextos percussivos no Brasil; Prass (2004) e Schrader (2011), com pesquisas sobre percussÃo e educaÃÃo musical; e Matos (2008) e Freire (1996), trazendo uma perspectiva sobre processos formativos e prÃticas colabortivas. A metodologia serà de abordagem qualitativa e com o delineamento de estudo de caso. Os instrumentos de coleta dos dados serÃo o levantamento bibliogrÃfico, acesso a documentos e aplicaÃÃo de entrevistas, tendo como mÃtodo de anÃlise as fundamentaÃÃes teÃricas iluminando os dados levantados a partir das entrevistas. Assim, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar o processo contÃnuo de formaÃÃo humana e musical dos integrantes permanentes no GMPACC (UFC) sob uma perspectiva de EducaÃÃo Musical no perÃodo dos anos de 2009 a 2012, esperando contribuir para uma melhor compreensÃo do espaÃo formativo educacional atravÃs da percussÃo na UFC, os aspectos formativos na educaÃÃo e o fazer musical criativo que a prÃtica percussiva em contexto colaborativo poderà propiciar ao campo da EducaÃÃo Musical. / This research has as its central theme the continuous process of the human and musical education of the members of âGrupo de MÃsica Percussiva AcadÃmicos da Casa Caiada (GMPACC)â {Academics of the Whitewashed House Percussion Music Group [AWHPMG]}. The interest in this aspect arose from my own experience with percussion activities at the university, in non-goverment organisations (NGOs) and âMaracatuâ groups, in the city of Fortaleza. I was able to observe that from 2006 there has been a significant increase in the appearance of percussion groups focussed upon activities in the carnival period as well as a great demand for people to participate in these groups in the city. At CFU (Cearà Federal University) an extension project was created in 2008 to the CFU\'s Music HND Course known by the initials AWHPMG, under the co-ordenation of Prof. Dr. Erwin Schrader and conducted by me since 2009. The group has as its objective to offer a human, musical and artistic education through percussion activities in a collaborative context, especially for young people of the state schools of the Messejana neighbourhood. Since 2009 and until 2012, I confirmed that some members have been part of the project since it began its activities and it is fitting to stress that the group in not focused only upon carnival activities as it is usually presented in Fortaleza\'s percussion scene. From this constancy of group\'s rhythm section I was able to ascertain what characterises the continuous process of human and musical education and how it occurs with the permanent members of the AWHPMG (CFU) through the perspective of Musical Education in the period of the years 2009 to 2012. In order to carry out this research there were in the role of technical support authors such as Ribeiro (1996) and Miranda (2009) with regard to the theme of percussive contexts in Brazil; Prass (2004) and Schrader (2011), with research on percussion and musical education; and Matos(2008) and Freire (1996), bringing together a perspective of formative and educational processes. The methodology will be by way of a qualitative approach and with the guidelines of case studies. The instruments of data collection will be a bibliographical survey, access to documentation and the application of interviews, having as analytical method the theoretical fundaments linked to the discourse of the interviewees. Thus, the objective of the research aims analyse the continuous process of the human and musical education of the âpermanent membersâ of the AWHPMG (CFU) under a perspective of Musical Education in the period between 2009 and 2012, aiming to contribute towards a better understanding of the formative educational environment through percussion at CFU, of the formative aspects of education and creative musical practice which percussion activities in a collaborative context may provide the the field of Musical Education.

Internet-based and mobile technologies enable new ways of learning. They offer us new possibilities to access an enormous amount of knowledge at any time and everywhere. Among many advantages, the adaptations require a rethinking of our previous learning behaviour patterns and processes. The challenge for students is no longer to get access to information and knowledge, but to select the right one and to deal with the information and knowledge overflow. The aim of this research is to define, design and validate an advanced concept to support the contemporary learning processes. Therefore, the requirements for a new approach have been assessed, the available solutions from the related area of (personal) Knowledge Management have been investigated, and the weaknesses in the context of learning identified. The identified issues have been substantiated by university students via a quantitative survey. Besides several smaller aspects, knowledge fragmentation and the nescience of the knowledge formation process have been classified as the most critical ones. To overcome these problems, a methodological concept has been developed, and a corresponding technological design created. The chosen approach is an intelligent, independent intermediate layer, which traces the different steps our knowledge entities are going through. Based on personal and individual configurations, the system provides a comprehensive and overall observation of nearly all our knowledge work activities. It supports the building and accessing of the knowledge formation paths for every important knowledge unit, later path combination and the access to automatically generated versions of our work. Moreover, it helps the users not only to remember what they did, but also gives them some strong indications why they did it. This is achieved by combining different knowledge actions and looking at the influences they have on each other. The suggested concept has been critically proved and confirmed via a qualitative expert analysis and backed up by a quantitative survey among university students.

Por volta de 1900 BP houve uma brusca mudança na composição das camadas do sambaqui Jabuticabeira II. As camadas até então compostas por uma predominância de conchas passam a apresentar uma ausência quase total de material conchífero, tornando-se mais terroso e muito escuro (Terra Preta). O objetivo deste trabalho é fornecer dados para a compreensão deste processo de formação da Terra Preta no sítio Jabuticabeira II e investigar os motivos de tais mudanças. A nossa análise será realizada a partir do ponto de vista zooarqueológico, tentando observar, em detalhes, os componentes faunísticos das camadas. / These research has as objetive the comprehension of the changes in the formation process of a shellmound Jabuticabeira II, Santa Catarina South-coast Brazil. The layers built with shells start to change, in 1900 BP, and the constrution becomes composed by black earth. Our aim is provide datas to understand this process by zooarchaeological point of view.

A dissertação aborda os aspectos formadores da habitação nas áreas de várzea da região Amazônica, especificamente nas margens do Rio Solimões, hoje alvo de intensos investimentos governamentais, principalmente os da indústria nacional petrolífera em função da construção do Gasoduto Coari - Manaus. Com forte incidência de impactos ambientais e culturais, tais intervenções apontam para um quadro amplo e complexo, servindo também de base experimental para outros tipos de interferência em menor escala. A Amazônia corresponde a aproximadamente 5% da superfície terrestre, equivalente a 2/5 da América do Sul. A Bacia Amazônica contém por volta de 1/5 de toda a água doce mundial, colaborando para que o Brasil tenha a maior biodiversidade do mundo, com mais de 20% das espécies. Integrante desta região, a ampla bacia do Rio Solimões é a terceira área sedimentar com produção petrolífera no Brasil. O que é produzido nesta reserva, que é estimada em 132 milhões de barris de petróleo, percorre aproximadamente 600 km até chegar ao mercado consumidor. Para tanto, está sendo construído um poliduto capaz de atender a essa demanda; sua construção atinge cerca de 135 comunidades ribeirinhas, que ainda conservam valores, hábitos e costumes originais devido ao isolamento territorial e informacional. Assim, este trabalho lança mão de três momentos específicos da ocupação da floresta amazônica. No primeiro momento, busca-se uma análise da gênese da forma da habitação ribeirinha. A forma definida enquanto comunicação, informação, mediação, signo, fundamentado na Semiótica de Charles S. Peirce, buscando referências não só em um contexto imediato, mas também em um contexto estendido, histórico, onde os significados da relação do homem com o meio ambiente deixam marcas em sua produção. No segundo momento, a pesquisa volta-se à conjuntura atual das populações ribeirinhas e, a partir dos dados colhidos pelo projeto PIATAM Inteligência Socioambiental Estratégica da Indústria de Petróleo na Amazônia\", estabelece um plano de desenvolvimento socioambiental regional integrado, envolvendo as áreas de habitação, saneamento, desenvolvimento humano, atividades singulares nas áreas de floresta e de pesca, educação e comunicação, entre outras. Isso permitiria a criação de uma matriz de sustentabilidade, procurando determinar com clareza o grau de seus impactos ambientais. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho volta-se finalmente à atuação do arquiteto como um gestor de informações no processo de formação das frentes de desenvolvimento humano, enquanto propositor de organização de espaços e ambientes sustentáveis, a partir da ação de um sistema cultural, visando à troca dialética de saberes entre ciência e moradores, na qual o ribeirinho amazônico torna-se um agente ativo na construção repertorial da região, integrado aos conhecimentos científicos de sistemas indiciais característicos da floresta amazônica. Disto resulta a transformação de hábitos e costumes dos próprios moradores ribeirinhos frente às novas demandas socioambientais, bem como em novas posturas das próprias áreas científicas de conhecimento envolvidas nesse processo. É nessa mudança de estado, nesse processo, que poderão ser construídas as diretrizes gerais para um desenvolvimento regional sustentável, matrizes em constante processo de formação, constituintes e constituidoras de caminhos mais justos, fundindo homem e natureza como agentes de uma única realidade. / This dissertation addresses the training aspects of housing in lowlands areas of the Amazon region, specifically on the banks of the Solimoes River, nowadays the target of intense government investments, particularly by the national oil industry in terms of building the gas pipe Coari-Manaus. With strong cultural and environmental impacts, such interventions reveal a broad and complex panorama, which also serves as an experimental basis for other types of interventions on a smaller scale. The Amazon accounts for approximately 5% of the Earths surface, and is equivalent to 2/5 of South America. The Amazon Basin contains around 1/5 of all fresh water worldwide, which makes Brazil the country with the greatest biodiversity in the world, with more that 20% of all known species. As part of this region, the large basin of the Solimoes River is the third largest oil-producing sediment area in Brazil. With a reserve estimated as 132 million oil barrels, between extraction sites and the marketplace the products cover approximately 600 km. In this scenario, a duct able to meet this demand is being constructed , and its construction will affect approximately 135 riparian communities that retain values, habits and customs due to the original territorial and information isolation. This work resorts to three specific moments of the occupation of the Amazon forest. The first moment analyzes how the riparian families build their houses. The focus lies on form defined as communication, information, mediation, on the sign based on the Semiotic of Charles S. Peirce, seeking references not only in an immediate context, but also in an extended historical context, where the meanings of the relationship between man and the environment takes their toll on his production. Next, the search returns to the current situation of the riparian families. Based on data collected from PIATAM- Intelligence Social Environment Strategic Petroleum Industry in the Amazon region, an regional integrated social environment plan is developed to address housing, sanitation, human development, activities in the areas of the natural forest and fishing education and communication, among others, allowing the generation of a sustainability matrix, seeking to clearly determine the extent of their environmental impacts. In this context, our work finally returns to the role of the architect as a manager of information in the process of formation of the lines of human development, as an agent of organization of spaces and sustainable environments, from the action of a cultural system, aiming at the dialectical exchange of knowledge between science and residents, where the Amazon natives become active agents in the reportorial construction of the region, integrated to scientific knowledge system that is characteristic of the Amazon forest. This leads to the transformation of habits and customs of the natives in the light of new social environmental demands, and new attitudes in their own areas of scientific knowledge involved in this process. It is in this change of state, in this process, that general guidelines for sustainable regional development could be built, in a constant process of training, elements and at the same time promoters of more equitable ways, casting man and nature as agents of a sole reality.

Like most ethnic and multicultural narratives, Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club revolves around the development of an identity in which immigrant experience and all the questions of ethno- cultural identity that attend to it play central roles. The aim of this essay is to investigate the process of identity formation of the second-generation Chinese immigrant daughters who encounter Chinese culture at home while having the immediate experience of living in America, with a focus on the cultural, language and generational gaps that exist between the Chinese mothers and their American- born daughters. This study is guided by a theoretical framework that combines postcolonial theory and a number of established theories of identity construction including the concept of hybrid identity in order to analyze and explore the American-born daughters’ identity creation. Based on this analysis, this paper presents evidence that an identity formation process that involves cultural hybridization has occurred and the outcome of this identity formation is that of a hybrid identity.

<p>The language used in Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games (or MMORPGs) is a form of computer-mediate communication. It consists of elements from both written and spoken language, but it is a highly abbreviated and innovative form of written language. This study focuses on the English language used in a MMORPG called Warhammer Online. The aim of this study is to identify abbreviations, interpret their meanings and to analyze the word formation processes and semantic changes that are involved in new words. The method used in this study is a qualitative case study of the English language in a MMORPG from a synchronic point of view. The secondary sources used in this study include previous works on morphology and semantics. The material used is based on logs acquired from the game Warhammer Online as a subscribed player. The results presented in this study show new and unique words created by players in Warhammer Online, along with other semantic changes that have taken place. It is concluded that the English written language has not seen such a major change in its entirety before, within one community.</p>

Dabartinė ekonominė situacija pasaulyje ir Lietuvos įmonių veikla tarptautinėje rinkoje reikalauja greitos orientacijos ir gebėjimo racionaliai spręsti įmonėse iškilusias problemas. Tinkamas strategijos pasirinkimas garantuoja įmonei išlikimą sunkiomis konkurencingomis sąlygomis. Taip pat įmonės strategijos kūrimas ekonominio sąstingio metu yra puikus metas vadovams taisyti klaidas, įvertinti visas strategines alternatyvas ir galbūt ryžtis esminiams pokyčiams. Akivaizdu, kad strateginis planavimas ir valdymas šiandien yra labai aktuali tema didžiajai daugumai Lietuvos įmonių. Darbo tyrimo objektas - Klaipėdos regiono medienos pramonės, išskyrus baldus, mažų ir vidutinių įmonių strateginio formavimo procesas. / The current world economic situation and Lithuanian companies playing in the international market require quick orientation and ability to solve rationally all the problems that the enterprises face. The proper choice of the strategy ensures the survival of the company in difficult competitive conditions. Strategy formation process during the economic stagnation is also a great time for company leaders to fix and correct mistakes, evaluate all strategic alternatives and perhaps to decide for major changes. It is clear that strategic planning and management today is a topical theme for most Lithuanian companies. The object of study is strategic formation process of Klaipeda region wood industry’s (except furniture) small and medium-sized enterprises.

SANTOS, Catherine Furtado dos. Casa Caiada: formação humana e musical em práticas percussivas colaborativas. 2013. 173f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2013. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-03T17:21:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-CFSANTOS.pdf: 5242744 bytes, checksum: dab96c23998e8b5b9ed9179ce75f2cd8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-03T17:26:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-CFSANTOS.pdf: 5242744 bytes, checksum: dab96c23998e8b5b9ed9179ce75f2cd8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-03T17:26:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-CFSANTOS.pdf: 5242744 bytes, checksum: dab96c23998e8b5b9ed9179ce75f2cd8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / This research has as its central theme the continuous process of the human and musical education of the members of “Grupo de Música Percussiva Acadêmicos da Casa Caiada (GMPACC)” {Academics of the Whitewashed House Percussion Music Group [AWHPMG]}. The interest in this aspect arose from my own experience with percussion activities at the university, in non-goverment organisations (NGOs) and “Maracatu” groups, in the city of Fortaleza. I was able to observe that from 2006 there has been a significant increase in the appearance of percussion groups focussed upon activities in the carnival period as well as a great demand for people to participate in these groups in the city. At CFU (Ceará Federal University) an extension project was created in 2008 to the CFU\'s Music HND Course known by the initials AWHPMG, under the co-ordenation of Prof. Dr. Erwin Schrader and conducted by me since 2009. The group has as its objective to offer a human, musical and artistic education through percussion activities in a collaborative context, especially for young people of the state schools of the Messejana neighbourhood. Since 2009 and until 2012, I confirmed that some members have been part of the project since it began its activities and it is fitting to stress that the group in not focused only upon carnival activities as it is usually presented in Fortaleza\'s percussion scene. From this constancy of group\'s rhythm section I was able to ascertain what characterises the continuous process of human and musical education and how it occurs with the permanent members of the AWHPMG (CFU) through the perspective of Musical Education in the period of the years 2009 to 2012. In order to carry out this research there were in the role of technical support authors such as Ribeiro (1996) and Miranda (2009) with regard to the theme of percussive contexts in Brazil; Prass (2004) and Schrader (2011), with research on percussion and musical education; and Matos(2008) and Freire (1996), bringing together a perspective of formative and educational processes. The methodology will be by way of a qualitative approach and with the guidelines of case studies. The instruments of data collection will be a bibliographical survey, access to documentation and the application of interviews, having as analytical method the theoretical fundaments linked to the discourse of the interviewees. Thus, the objective of the research aims analyse the continuous process of the human and musical education of the “permanent members” of the AWHPMG (CFU) under a perspective of Musical Education in the period between 2009 and 2012, aiming to contribute towards a better understanding of the formative educational environment through percussion at CFU, of the formative aspects of education and creative musical practice which percussion activities in a collaborative context may provide the the field of Musical Education. / Esta pesquisa tem como tema central o processo contínuo de formação humana e musical dos integrantes do Grupo de Música Percussiva Acadêmicos da Casa Caiada (GMPACC) da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). O interesse por esse aspecto veio da minha própria experiência com atividades de percussão dentro da Universidade Federal do Ceará - UFC, em organizações não governamentais (ONGs) e em grupos de maracatus, na cidade de Fortaleza. Pude observar que a partir de 2006 houve um aumento significativo do surgimento de grupos percussivos voltados para atividades no período carnavalesco e também a grande procura de pessoas em participar destes agrupamentos na cidade. Na UFC, criou-se em 2008 um projeto de extensão do curso de licenciatura em música da UFC denominado pela sigla GMPACC, tendo a coordenação do Prof. Dr. Erwin Schrader e sob minha regência a partir de 2009. O grupo possui como proposta oferecer uma formação humana e musical através das práticas percussivas em contexto colaborativo, principalmente, para jovens das escolas públicas do bairro de Messejana. Desde o ano de 2009 até 2012, certifiquei que alguns integrantes fazem parte do projeto desde o início das atividades e vale reforçar que o grupo não é voltado apenas para atividades carnavalescas como se apresenta, normalmente, no cenário percussivo em Fortaleza. A partir dessa permanência dos ritmistas no grupo pude indagar sobre o que caracteriza e como acontece o processo contínuo de formação humana e musical dos integrantes permanentes no GMPACC (UFC) sob uma perspectiva de Educação Musical no período dos anos de 2009 a 2012. Para realização desta pesquisa têm-se como suporte teórico autores como Ribeiro (1996) e Miranda (2009) sobre a temática dos contextos percussivos no Brasil; Prass (2004) e Schrader (2011), com pesquisas sobre percussão e educação musical; e Matos (2008) e Freire (1996), trazendo uma perspectiva sobre processos formativos e práticas colabortivas. A metodologia será de abordagem qualitativa e com o delineamento de estudo de caso. Os instrumentos de coleta dos dados serão o levantamento bibliográfico, acesso a documentos e aplicação de entrevistas, tendo como método de análise as fundamentações teóricas iluminando os dados levantados a partir das entrevistas. Assim, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar o processo contínuo de formação humana e musical dos integrantes permanentes no GMPACC (UFC) sob uma perspectiva de Educação Musical no período dos anos de 2009 a 2012, esperando contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do espaço formativo educacional através da percussão na UFC, os aspectos formativos na educação e o fazer musical criativo que a prática percussiva em contexto colaborativo poderá propiciar ao campo da Educação Musical.