Tyrimo objektas – Kamšos botaninio – zoologinio draustinio teritorijoje sutinkami medžiojamieji žvėrys (graužikai, kiškiažvėriai, plėšrieji, porakanopiniai) ir paukščiai (antiniai, vištiniai, tilvikiniai, varniniai). Darbo tikslas – įvertinti Kamšos botaninio – zoologinio draustinio medžiojamosios faunos būklę. Siekiant darbo tikslo buvo iškelti tokie uždaviniai: 1) nustatyti draustinio medžiojamosios faunos rūšinę sudėtį, atskirų rūšių gausą bei tankį; 2) nustatyti plėšrūnų ir aukų santykį bei jo atitikimą ekologiniam santykiui; 3) įvertinti elninių žvėrių žiemos ganyklų būklę; 4) nustatyti draustinio teritorijoje perinčių, galinčių perėti bei sutinkamų tik migracijų metu medžiojamųjų paukš����������ių rūšinę sudėtį. Tyrimo metodai – Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių mokslinės literatūros analizė bei sintezė, duomenų grupavimas, statistiniai metodai, grafinis vaizdavimas, Ch. Aldous'o metodas, Pojarkovo metodas, R. McCain'o metodas. Tyrimo laikotarpis apima 2005 -2007 metus. Išstudijavus lietuvių ir užsienio autorių mokslinius veikalus bei periodinę literatūrą apie medžiojamosios faunos elgseną įtakojančius veiksnius, elninių žvėrių gausa, tankis žiemos ganyklose, bendras tankis, pasiskirstymas teritorijoje žiemą nustatyta žiemos ekskrementų krūvelių apskaitos metodu, R. McCain'o metodu. Elninių žvėrių žiemos ganyklų būklė įvertinta Ch. Aldous'o metodu. Bebrų šeimos vidutinio dydžio koeficientas nustatytas pagal medžių ir krūmų graužimų kiekį Pojarkovo metodu. / Object of research – hunted animals (gnawers, hare-type animals, predators, double-hoofed animals) and wildfowl (duck-type, gallinaceous, scolopacidae (sandpiper-type), crow-type) met in the territory of wadding botanical – zoological reservation. Purpose of the Paper – evaluate the state of hunted fauna in the wadding botanical – zoological reservation. Achieving the purpose the following goals were raised: 1) to determine the varietal composition, abundance and density of certain species of the hunted fauna in the reservation; 2) to determine the ratio between predators and preys, and its conformity with ecological ratio; 3) to evaluate the state of winter pastures of cervine animals; 4) to determine the varietal composition of brooding, able to brood and only in the time of migration met wildfowl. Methods of research – analysis and synthesis of Lithuanian and foreign scientific literature, data grouping, statistical methods, graphical presentation, Ch. Aldous method, Pojarkov method, R. McCain method. The research period is the years 2005 – 2007. After studying scientific works of Lithuanian and foreign authors and periodic literature about the factors influencing the behaviour of hunted fauna, the abundance of cervine animals, density in winter pastures, general density, distribution in the territory in winter were determined by the method of winter-time excrement heaps record, R. McCain method. The state of winter pastures of cervine animals was determined by the Ch... [to full text]

“Virbalgirio botaninio-zoologinio draustinio būklės įvertinimas ir gamtosauginio plano parengimas” Jurga Gedminas Optimalus saugomų teritorijų ūkinis, rekreacinis ir kultūrinis panaudojimas priklauso nuo teritorijų tvarkymo planų. Virbalgirio botaninis-zoologinis draustinis užima 364 ha, sudarydamas atskirą kompaktišką miško masyvą, susidedantį iš 7 kvartalų. Tarp miško masyvo išlikę nedideli įsiterpusių pievų plotai. Miško pakraščiai ribojasi su dirbamaisiais laukais. Efektyvi draustinio gamtosauga neįmanoma be biotos tyrimų. Atliktais augalijos tyrimais (2000-2003) buvo nustatyta vyraujančios draustinyje miškų (Querco-Fagetea sylvaticae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939) klasės, liepyninių skroblynų (Tilio Carpinetum betuli) asociacijos bendrijos. Norint išsaugoti ar pagerinti esamą ekologinę draustinio būklę būtina parengti gamtosauginio tvarkymo planą. Norint nustatyti teritorijos vertę reikalingas ekologinis vertinimas. Pagal nustatytus kokybinius ir kiekybinius kriterijus išskirtinį dėmesį būtina skirti Tilio Carpinetum bendrijom, į Buveinių direktyvos I priedą įtrauktom Europinės svarbos buveinėm: skroblynam ir pelkėtiem lapuočių miškam, draustinyje išskirtom dviejų tipų Kertinėm miško buveinėm: upės šlaitam bei plačialapių miškam, bei retiems draustinyje esantiems augalams (dvi iš jų saugomos tarptautiniu mastu) ir gyvūnams (visos saugomos tarptautiniu mastu). Draustinio teritorijoje aplinką veikia skirtingi gamtiniai ir antropogeniniai veiksniai, kurie neigiamai veikia... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / “State evaluation and management plan of the protection of nature for Virbalgiris botanical-zoological reserve” Jurga Gedminas Optimal economical, recreational and cultural use of conservancy areas depends on their management plans. The total area of Virbalgiris botanical-zoological reserve is 364 hectares. Almost the whole territory of reserve is covered with forest. The reserve has 7 blocks. Small meadows are inserted into the reserve woods, and it is surrounded by agricultural fields. Effective management of the reserve is impossible without the researches of biota. The researches of flora were made in 2000-2003 in Virbalgiris botanical-zoological reserve. These researches show the forest communicaties dominate in the reserve. The most common communicaties belong to Tilio-Carpinetum association, Querco-Fagetea class. It is necessary to make an environmental management plan to keep or make better situation in the reserve. Ecological evaluation is required for setting the value of the protected area. Using traditional quantitative and qualitative parameters, the most important attention must be paid to management of Tilio-Carpinetum communicaties, important European habitats written in I appendix of habitats directive (Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak and oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli, and Fennoscandian wooded pastures), Untempered forest habitats (broad-leaved deciduous forests, and river slope), and 10 species of and plants (two of them are protected... [to full text]

The key character separating the dendrochirotid families Sclerodactylidae (sensu Pawson & Fell, 1965) and the Phyllophoridae (sensu Pawson & Fell, 1965), i.e. entire or undivided radial processes to the calcareous ring in the former and sub-divided processes in the latter, is unjustified since most sclerodactylid species also have subdivided processes. It is here assumed that the basis of elevating the subfamily Sclerodactylinae Panning to family level was established on a misinterpretation or mistranslation of the original diagnosis of this subfamily or a lapsus calumni meaning “plates” instead of “processes”. Panning (1949) categorically states that the processes in the Sclerodactylinae are composed of 3–4 large pieces of calcite and only as an exception they are unbroken. Since Pawson & Fell gave no other distinction between the Sclerodactylidae and the Phyllophoridae, the former is here considered an invalid taxon and its three current subfamilies (Sclerodactylinae, Sclerothyoninae Thandar and Cladolabinae Heding & Panning) are re-assigned to the Phyllophoridae. This family now includes six subfamilies: Cladolabinae, Phyllophorinae Östergren, Sclerodactylinae, Sclerothyoninae, Semperiellinae Heding & Panning and Thyoninae Panning. The diagnosis of the Sclerodactylinae, restricted by Thandar (1989), is now modified to include also those forms whose radial and interradial plates may be slightly sub-divided but still form a short tube. Of the eleven genera placed within this subfamily subsequent to its erection, only ten of these remain. Neothyone Deichmann is a preoccupied name for which Lisacucumis is here proposed as a replacement. Thandar’s (1989) diagnosis of the Thyoninae is here accepted, however, the genus Thorsonia Heding is transferred to the Sclerodactylinae. Of the 66 nominal species which currently stand in the “supergenus” Thyone Jaeger, 10 are transferred to Havelockia Pearson within the Sclerodactylinae, while one species is regarded as a synonym of H. herdmani Pearson. In addition, six species are transferred to Stolus Selenka within the Thyoninae. Finally, three species are transferred to Sclerothyoninae, two within Sclerothyone Thandar and one within Temparena Thandar. Two species show an uncertain affinity to Thyone and are temporally removed from the genus. Furthermore, two species currently classified within Havelockia are transferred to Thyone. The now remaining 46 species are separated into seven groups based on the composition of their introvert deposits: tables only (8 spp.), rosettes only (5 spp.), tables and rosettes (21 spp.), tables and plates/?reduced tables (2 spp.), rosettes and plates/?reduced tables (3 spp.), plates only (2 spp.), or introvert deposits absent or unknown (5 spp.). Regrettably, no other character could be used in conjunction with the above to suggest at least sub-generic levels. Within the genus Havelockia, Cucumaria redimita Sluiter indicates an affinity with Pentamera Ayres. It is here transferred to this genus within the Thyoninae. Havelockia, now containing 17 species, is also revised. Keys, diagnoses and figures are provided for all nominal species now included in Thyone and Havelockia. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2011.

This thesis deals with the preference of pupils at secondary schools (gymnasia) for different types of teaching aids in zoology education. The main objective was to determine whether the pupils rate educational models as more attractive than the real zoological preserved specimens and whether their preferences are related to their susceptibility to potentially phobic stimuli, realism of the object or whether preferences differ between the sexes. Selected models included entire animals as well as animal organs. The research was conducted at selected secondary schools (gymnasia) in Prague and Jablonec nad Nisou using a questionnaire and a preference test. Secondary school pupils and their biology teachers participated in this research. The realistic design of each object was assessed by researchers and students from the Faculty of Science Charles University using a scale questionnaire. The results showed that students rated the real zoological preserved specimens as more attractive compared to teaching models, with no dependence on whether the objects were entire or anatomical. Effect of gender on overall preference has not been showed; however, the boys had a tendency to evaluate generally unpopular organisms more positively than girls. No influence of susceptibility to potentially phobic stimuli,...

Baseline data on a species' distribution and abundance are essential for developing practical conservation management plans. Such data are difficult to obtain for many low density cryptic carnivores. The Scottish wildcat, Felis silvestris silvestris, is no exception with <400 individuals thought to remain. Its conservation has been further complicated by extensive hybridisation and introgression with the domestic cat (F.s.catus). Hybridisation has also resulted in difficulties in discriminating between wildcats, wildcat x domestic hybrids (hybrids) and tabby coloured feral domestic cats. This has inhibited survey efforts, leading to a lack of general ecological information. Using the most recent identification tools available, extensive surveys using various methods including camera trapping were carried out across Northern Scotland in order to examine the current status of the Scottish wildcat. Current distribution indicates a more restricted range than recent studies. Wildcats are at risk of hybridisation from feral domestic cats and in particular, hybrids, throughout their current probable range. The distribution of hybrids overlaps with both feral domestic cats and wildcats, pointing to a significant threat from hybrids acting as a bridge between wildcats and feral cats. Mean density estimates of 3.5 (SD=0.7) wildcats/100 km² were comparable with those from other studies in Scotland using different survey methods. Total population size estimates ranged between 115-314 individuals depending on local densities and home range size. Population viability analysis (PVA) indicated the current population is not viable unless management actions are undertaken in the near future (Mean time to extinction = 48.2 years (SD = 9.39), probability of extinction=1, SE = 0), and that reducing mortality rates and/or supplementing populations from captive bred cats are likely to be necessary to achieve viability. Based on these data, the Scottish wildcat may be more endangered than many other species classified as Endangered and the current status of the Scottish wildcat should be reviewed.

No description available.

Suivant les récents développements historiographiques dans le champ de l’histoire des animaux, cette thèse aborde l’histoire des jardins zoologiques du côté des bêtes elles-mêmes. Elle examine donc non seulement les politiques humaines de gestion des animaux de zoo, mais aussi leurs influences sur les corps et les comportements des animaux, et leurs évolutions mutuelles. L’examen débute à la fondation du jardin zoologique, c’est-à-dire au moment de la création de la ménagerie parisienne du Jardin des Plantes en 1793, et se centre, outre sur cette institution originelle, sur le jardin zoologique de Londres, créé en 1828, et celui d’Anvers, fondé en 1843. Pour écrire l’histoire des animaux de zoo, la thèse mobilise une méthodologie qui mêle des indicateurs descriptifs – témoignages sur les corps et comportements animaux, sur les infrastructures de captivité, sur les soins et l’alimentation dont bénéficient les bêtes, .... – et quantitatifs – étude sérielle sur la longue durée des entrées et sorties d’animaux ainsi que des longévités des primates et des grands félins. L’évolution de ces différents indices est examinée au sein d’un cadre chronologique régi par les politiques des gestionnaires de zoos. Ainsi, après une première partie débutant à la fondation des institutions étudiées, une seconde s’ouvre au début du XXe siècle, alors que le marchand allemand Carl Hagenbeck ouvre en 1907 un zoo privé à Stellingen, près de Hambourg, qui popularise un nouveau type de présentation des bêtes, par lequel celles-ci sont exposées durant la journée en plein air et séparées du public par des fossés. Enfin, une troisième partie s’amorce à partir des années 1950, lorsque les zoos s’attellent à la mise en œuvre d’une nouvelle fonction, celle de protection des espèces ex situ, s’ajoutant aux trois autres traditionnellement endossées (récréative, éducative, scientifique).L’examen des vies des bêtes sous l’influence des politiques humaines aboutit à élaborer une nouvelle chronologie des zoos, qui distingue un long XIXe siècle, dévoreur de vies animales ; une seconde phase, hygiéniste, à partir de l’entre-deux-guerres, caractérisée par les volontés des gestionnaires de rationaliser les conditions de captivité, mais dont les incidences sur les vies animales sont toutefois réduites ; enfin une troisième, attentive aux animaux, du milieu des années 1970 à nos jours, qui permet la naissance d’une nouvelle économie animale des zoos, qui voit l’atténuation des ponctions en milieu naturel pour la plupart des taxons (spécifiquement les mammifères et les oiseaux).Ce faisant, l’étude met aussi en évidence, à rebours des discours finalistes de l’historiographie officielle, des permanences, immanentes à la captivité des animaux dans le contexte des zoos. Il s’agit d’une part de l’expression par les bêtes de comportements anormaux dans des proportions qui dépassent le niveau anecdotique ; il s’agit d’autre part de l’approvisionnement en milieu naturel, qui, bien qu’en déclin dans le contexte du bouleversement de l’économie animale, persiste jusqu’à nos jours en nombre important pour les taxons moins considérés, soit les poissons et les invertébrés, et se réincarne en de nouveaux avatars pour les autres (ponctions dans le cadre des programmes de protection, captures scientifiques, ...). / Following in the footsteps of recent developments in the French historiography, this dissertation aims at balancing the attention given to humans and animals. The research therefore focuses on human policies concerning the management of animals kept in zoological gardens, as well as on their consequences on the bodies and behaviors of animals, and on mutual influences between humans and animals.The study begins with the birth of the zoological garden, i.e. the creation of the Jardin des Plantes Menagerie in 1793, and focuses on this institution as well as on the London Zoo, created in 1828, and the Antwerp Zoo (1843). In order to write the history of zoo animals, the method uses both descriptive indicators – testimonies on animals bodies and behaviors, on captive environments, on animal cares, handling and food, ... – and quantitative indicators – long-term study of the arrivals and departures, births and deaths of animals and of the longevity of Primates and Pantherinae in captivity. The evolution of these indicators takes place in a chronological framework based on the policies designed to manage zoo animals. The first part begins with the foundation of the zoological gardens. The second one starts at the beginning of the 20th century, when German dealer Carl Hagenbeck opened a zoo in Stellingen, near Hamburg (1907) which popularized a new way to display the animals, in open-air enclosures separated from the public by ditches. The third part starts in the 1950’s, when zoos implemented a new function, one of ex situ conservation, in addition to their other traditional recreative, educative and scientific missions.This study of animal lives under human influence results in a new chronology of zoological gardens, discerning a long 19th century, that consumed animal lives, a second phase, hygienist, from the interwar period, marked by the managers’ willingness to rationalize the conditions of captivity, without much influence on animals lives and longevity, and a third one, from the mid-1970’s to the present time, characterized by increased attention to zoo animals and their well-being, allowing the birth of a new animal economy of zoological gardens, by which in situ captures decline for most taxa (specifically mammals and birds).The dissertation also shows, in opposition with the finalist discourses of the official historiography, somes continuities, immanent to animal captivity in the context of zoological gardens. Abnormal behaviors in animals especially appear in proportions exceeding the anecdotal level. Another important phenomenon pointing to continuities is the collecting in the wild which, although it declined at the same rhythm that the new animal economy developed, has persisted to this day, profusely for the least considered taxa (fishes and invertebrates), and resurfacing in new iterations for mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians (capture for purposes of conservation, for scientific collecting, ...).

The project originated as a means to find a solution to the lack of legibility that the National Zoological Gardens’ entrance expresses where it is situated on the Northern gateway into the Pretoria CBD. In order to develop an appropriate responsive architecture, the proposed solution aims to find the requirements for a successful public interface for tourist attractions and the local community. Attention will also be given to the transitional spaces between the natural environments of the Zoo and the city. The aim firstly is to steer away from mono-functional urban spaces and tourist attractions hidden behind built barrier, in order to ensure that the architecture will be an asset to tourism and the general public. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Architecture / unrestricted

The thesis presents a proposal for revitalization and revitalization of the brownfield area of the Zoological Garden in Dvůr Králové nad Labem by inserting a new polyfunctional pavilion. The new building will provide the garden with a wider platform for environmental enlightment, educational activities and representation. The Master´s thesis also outlines the solution of another unused area and its connection to the area of main interest.

Configurations of Life historicizes four distinct clusters of biological research in colonial and early post-colonial India: the Zoological Survey of India, the so called ‘wolf-children’ natural experiment by anthropologists, the program in plant physiology and insect behavior at the Bose Institute, and the interdisciplinary group led by JBS Haldane at the Indian Statistical Institute. Each of these clusters, the dissertation shows, was invested in characterizing their sciences as specifically Indian in character: in the case of the “wolf-children,” by seizing on a supposedly endemic Indian social and natural phenomenon, and in the others, by claiming an allegedly Indian epistemological stance. Each, the dissertation argues, sought authority by claiming to provide heterodox and distinctly Indian solutions to the most fundamental question of biological science – what is life? – though they differed wildly on what ‘life,’ or ‘Indian,’ or indeed, ‘science’ itself meant. While the extant historiography has often read the effusion of similar claims to ‘Indianness’ in modern knowledge systems around the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as a discursive byproduct of nationalism, this dissertation shows that the pursuit of an ‘Indian’ biology cut across racial, national and ideological lines among scientists working in British and early independent India. Instead, by tracking the complex relations between the institutional politics, material culture, and theoretical concerns across these clusters, the dissertation charts out the proselytization, practice and eventual demise of four very distinct understandings of an Indian science of life, based on ecological fieldwork, so-called natural experiments, laboratory instrumentation, and a holistic synthesis between population genetics, statistics and history, respectively. The question of the meaning of life, the dissertation shows, was mostly a rhetorical device invoked to underline the theoretical and methodological ambitions of these sciences, while enabling their individual conceptualizations of the relations between environments and organisms, between heredity and habitat, or between human and animal, to be read as the configurations of life itself. These attempts to create new, distinctly Indian knowledge systems and practices existed side by side and were informed with the larger popular and political project claiming ancient scientific glory on behalf of India, but their aspirations and methods cannot be historically conflated.