In order to facilitate design and maintenance of such a large and complex site as a nuclear power plant, all system functions must be described in a stringent way. In the past, these descriptions consisted of text documents and logical diagrams, but today there are an increasing number of object-oriented programs available on the market which might be used for this purpose. This Master Thesis has made a closer study of one of these programs named Rational Rose. The principal of the program is to facilitate software design and development, not to create models of plants. However, using the program the same way as developing software, specifying actors then gradually extend the model with use cases, use cases diagrams etc, the same methods can be used when modelling plants. During this Master Thesis most of the time has been spent developing, structuring and classifying the functions composing the Feed Water Backup System of the reactor named Oskarshamn 3. A considerable amount of time was also spent to find a general structure for typical motor and valve circuits in the plant, which are also applicable for the configuration of the Feed Water Backup System. This general structure will then be used to support maintenance and to get faster decisions when new systems are designed. Effectuating the modernization of the nuclear power plants in Sweden, an ever- increasing use of highly software intensive systems will be introduced, which also leads to the need of finding other ways to describe those systems. A suitable method is to use Rational Rose, where the entire process, from description to final product, will be done in an integrated way. Use cases are generated and together with their related documentation they will form the description of the desired system functions.

No description available.

No description available.

<p>In order to facilitate design and maintenance of such a large and complex site as a nuclear power plant, all system functions must be described in a stringent way. In the past, these descriptions consisted of text documents and logical diagrams, but today there are an increasing number of object-oriented programs available on the market which might be used for this purpose. This Master Thesis has made a closer study of one of these programs named Rational Rose. The principal of the program is to facilitate software design and development, not to create models of plants. However, using the program the same way as developing software, specifying actors then gradually extend the model with use cases, use cases diagrams etc, the same methods can be used when modelling plants. </p><p>During this Master Thesis most of the time has been spent developing, structuring and classifying the functions composing the Feed Water Backup System of the reactor named Oskarshamn 3. A considerable amount of time was also spent to find a general structure for typical motor and valve circuits in the plant, which are also applicable for the configuration of the Feed Water Backup System. This general structure will then be used to support maintenance and to get faster decisions when new systems are designed. </p><p>Effectuating the modernization of the nuclear power plants in Sweden, an ever- increasing use of highly software intensive systems will be introduced, which also leads to the need of finding other ways to describe those systems. A suitable method is to use Rational Rose, where the entire process, from description to final product, will be done in an integrated way. Use cases are generated and together with their related documentation they will form the description of the desired system functions.</p>

No description available.

Information är idag en värdefull resurs i organisationer som blir mer och mer beroende av sina informationssystem. Information utsätts för olika hot och den behöver skyddas för att organisationer effektivt ska kunna driva sin verksamhet. Ett systematiskt informationssäkerhetsarbete hjälper organisationer att uppnå och upprätthålla en tillräcklig nivå av informationssäkerhet.   Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur informationssäkerhet hanteras inom organisationer i allmänhet i nuläget. En fallstudie har genomförts på Folktandvården, Region Jönköpings län för att undersöka hur Folktandvårdens medarbetare hanterar informationssäkerheten. Dessutom syftar studien till att utvärdera medvetenhet om informationssäkerhet hos medarbetarna på Folktandvården och att presentera förslag på hur hanteringen av personuppgifter kan förbättras i organisationer.  Blandade tekniker har använts för att samla information.  Litteraturstudier inom området informationssäkerhet har genomförts. Empirisk data har samlats in genom en enkätundersökning, intervjuer och skriftliga frågor som har skickats via e-post till utvalda ansvariga som jobbar specifikt med frågor som berör informationssäkerhet inom Folktandvården. Denna studie använder de svenska standarderna SS-ISO/IEC 27001:2014 och SS-ISO/IEC 27002:2014 för att utvärdera informationssäkerhet på Folktandvården, Region Jönköpings län samt att få en bild av hur informationssäkerhet hanteras inom organisationer. Organisationer kan upprätthålla säkerhet i sin informationshantering genom att tillämpa ett ledningssystem för informationssäkerhet (LIS) som bevarar konfidentialitet, riktighet (integritet) och tillgänglighet av information.  Informationssäkerhetsarbetet och införandet av LIS skiljer sig mellan organisationer eftersom de kan påverkas av organisationens behov och mål, storlek och struktur. Fallstudiens resultat visar att Folktandvården, Region Jönköpings län genomför en aktiv hantering av informationssäkerhet. Folktandvården klarar de flesta kraven som ställdes i standarderna. Däremot föreslås det i studien att fler utbildningsprogram ordnas för att öka medvetenheten kring informationssäkerhet. Dessa utbildningsprogram bör uppdateras regelbundet för att det fortsätter att vara i linje med organisatoriska policy och rutiner. Det rekommenderas även att organisationen utför informationsklassning fullt ut enligt den modellen som Folktandvården har. Dessutom rekommenderas att utveckla planeringen av kontinuitet för informationssäkerhet. Resultatet från enkätundersökningen visar att medarbetarna är medvetna om hur de hanterar informationssäkerhetsincidenter och upplever att systemen är tillgängliga för de behöriga. Flera av de förslag som presenterades av denna studie har hörsammats och kommer att leda till vidare arbete inom Folktandvården. Organisationers personuppgifter bör skyddas genom att tillämpa regler enligt gällande författningar. En ansvarig person i organisationen bör ge vägledning till de anställda om sitt ansvar för hantering av personuppgifter. / Information today is a valuable resource for organizations which become more and more dependent on their information systems. Information subject to various threats and the need to be protected in order that organizations can effectively run their business. A systematic information security helps organizations to achieve and maintain a sufficient level of information security. The study aims to investigate how information is managed within organizations in general. A case study has been performed in Folktandvården (the Public Dental Service), Region Jönköping County to investigate how the organization handle information security. In addition, the study aims to evaluate awareness of information security among employees at the business and to present proposals on how to improve handling of personal data. Mixed techniques have been used to gather information. Literature studies in the field of information security has been implemented. The empirical data collected through a questionnaire, interviews and written questions sent by e-mail to managers in Folktandvården. This study uses the standards SS-ISO / IEC 27001:2014 and SS-ISO / IEC 27002:2014 to evaluate the information in Folktandvården, Region Jönköping County and to get a picture of how information is managed within organizations. Organizations can maintain the security of their information by implementing an information security management system (ISMS) that preserves the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information. Information security and ISMS application differs between organizations, which could be affected by the organization's needs and goals, size and structure. Case study results show that Folktandvården, Region Jönköping County implements an active management of information. The organization manages most of the specifications in the standards. However this study proposes to organize more training programs for information security awareness. These programs should be updated regularly in order to continue to be in line with organizational policies and procedures. It is recommended that the organization performs information classification fully in accordance with the model it has. Additionally, it is recommended to develop the planning of continuity for information. The results from the questionnaire show that the employees are aware of how they handle information security incidents and they think that the systems are available for authorized access. Several of the proposals presented by this study have been heeded and will lead to further work in Folktandvården. Organizations' personal information should be protected by applying the rules in accordance with applicable regulations. A responsible person in the organization should provide guidance to employees about their responsibility for the handling of personal data.

2011 slutade man i Sverige att använda det nationella regelverket, Boverkets konstruktionsregler (BKR) och tillhörande Boverkets handbok om betongkonstruktioner (BBK 04) vid dimensionering av bärande konstruktioner, då de ersattes av Eurokonstruktionsstandard (EKS) som är en europeisk standard och skall användas av EU:s medlemsländer. Även om Eurokoder (EK) skall används av företag vid dimensionering av bärande konstruktioner, behandlar inte någon av eurokoderna kombinationsarmerad betong. Armeringsmetoden innefattar användandet av både armeringsjärn och fiberarmering. Med hänsyn till detta publicerade Swedish Standards Institute 2014 en standard för fiberbetong (SS 812310) som samverkar med eurokoder, med syftet att underlätta dimensionering av dessa konstruktioner. Då det tidigare inte har funnits någon nationell standard använder vissa företag fortfarande dimensioneringsmetoder som inte utgår från eurokoder och svensk standard. Syftet med studien är att undersöka skillnader av beräkningar, parametrar och resultat mellan en icke aktuell dimensioneringsmall för en kombinationsarmerad pålunderstödd platta enligt BKR, BR4 och BR13 och en som bygger på EK och svensk standard (SS). I SS 812310 finns två olika metoder för att beräkna momentkapaciteten, en förenklad och en generell metod. I studien används den förenklade metoden, på grund av den generella metodens komplexitet. Efter att respektive dimensioneringsmetod för en kombinationsarmerad pålunderstödd platta har granskats, skapades dimensioneringsmallen enligt EK och SS. Mallen krävde en ny statikberäkningsmetod med hänsyn till SS 812310. Konsekvensen blev att konstruktionen påverkades av en större tvärkraft vid stöd, men erhöll en mindre nedböjning i fält. Även jämförelsen av beräkningsmetoder och parametrar blev på grund av statiken begränsad. Total utnyttjandegrad av momentkapaciteten blev densamma i båda dimensioneringsmallarna vid samma armeringsinnehåll, men på grund av ett icke uppfyllt töjningsvillkor i fält enligt SS 812310 krävdes här ett högre armeringsinnehåll. Ett högre armeringsinnehåll medför en lägre utnyttjandegrad, vilket inte är eftertraktat då det innebär att armeringen inte kommer att utnyttjas fullt ut. Slutsatsen blev att tillämpbarheten är begränsad för den förenklade metoden i SS 812310 om töjningsvillkoret inte uppfylls och att man istället måste använda den generella metoden för fortsatt dimensionering. Konsekvenserna om villkoret inte uppfylls kan vara att större sprickor uppkommer än dem som erhölls vid balktester.

To replace nonrenewable materials, glass, plastics and metals, at the market the production of the environmental friendly material paper needs to increase numerously. An increased paper production leads to an enlarged wastewater flow at the paper mill and thereby higher surface load in the biologicalwastewater plant. Higher surface load in turn, leads to lower efficiency and higher emissions. To be able to increase the capacity of the paper production, the wastewater flow to the biological wastewater treatment needs to be decreased. In this thesis, the wastewater at Skärblacka mill has been studied to identify how to increase the production without increasing the flow of wastewater to the biological wastewater treatment. Different wastewater has been studied to identify sufficient clean wastewater flows that today are directed to the biological wastewater treatment. The outcome of this thesis is that up to 600 m3/h wastewater could be removed from the biological wastewater treatment due to sufficiently high purity. This outcome is primarily based on measurements of the emission parameters, Total Organic Carbon, Suspended Solids, Total Phosphorus and Total Nitrogen and the calculation of PEC/PNEC, environmental assessment, for the chemicals in the wastewater. The unload of up to 600 m3/h will contribute to an increased efficiency in the biological wastewater treatment and thereby lower emissions. Increased efficiency and lower levels of emissions will in turn contribute to a possibility to increase the paper production at Skärblacka mill without interfering withenvironmental demands.

This thesis is an exploration of the concept of evil. It attempts to define what we mean by this elusive concept and its relevance to human behaviour. The thesis then develops an operational definition of evil that is distilled from the writings of various social scientists. The thesis argues, however, that in addition to merely defining evil, there are three emotive elements that also go towards our preparedness to label an act as evil. The thesis then examines the causes of evil acts. The thesis argues that the interactive causation, of situation and disposition, is the most robust explanation of evil acts. The thesis rejects the notion of the evil person, instead arguing that it is ordinary people who commit evil acts. The thesis then examines the causes of genocide, the most evil of acts, and links this back to the previous discussion of causal factors of evil acts. Germany’s war against the Soviet Union in World War II, in particular the role of the Waffen-SS is then discussed. The death and destruction during this conflict would result not just from military operations, but also from the systematic killing and abuse that the Waffen-SS directed against Jews, Communists and ordinary citizens. The thesis then utilises the case study of the Waffen-SS to highlight the application of the interactive causation explanation in regards to evil acts. The conventional wisdom that the Waffen-SS in WWII fought a relatively clean fight, unsullied by the atrocities committed by the Nazis, is challenged—and largely demolished. Focusing on the Eastern Front, the thesis contends that the Nazi vision of a racial-ideological death struggle against Slavic hordes and their Jewish-Bolshevik commissars resonated with soldiers of the Waffen-SS, steeped in traditional anti-Semitic and racist dogmas. In doing so the thesis clearly shows that the Waffen-SS was an organisation that committed widespread atrocities. The thesis then applies the operational definition of evil to the case study and determines that the acts committed by the Waffen-SS were in fact evil. It also contends that the concept of evil is useful in explaining human atrocity. In conducting this examination the thesis provides some insight into the challenges facing society from preventing future broad-scale acts of evil.

Vollst. zugl.: Leipzig, Universiẗat, Diss., 2005.