The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey is the major academic research management and funding agency in Turkey. As a policy-maker, the council has undertaken very important responsibility in designing a science and technology policy of Turkey. By means of impact analysis, evaluating the ongoing research support programmes is important for designing more effective ones. However, impact of academic research are widely disseminated, journal articles being published and cited, number of academic staff involved in the supported projects, patents, and prototypes could be used as an evaluation instrument for impact analysis. In this study first time, we have figured out the social benefits (in 2008 TL fixed prices) of academic research projects, specifically physics academic research projects that were supported during 1998-2008 by T&Uuml / BiTAK. Return of funds of T&Uuml / BiTAK supported physics projects during 2005-2008 was calculated as 142%, when rate of return was taken 28%.

This thesis includes reaction of diethylaluminum cyanide with acyl phosphonates. Cyanohidrin O-phosphates are synthesized from easily available acyl phosphonates and diethylaluminum cyanide. Synthesis of cross-benzoin product of acyl phosphonate, &amp / #945 / -hydroxy phosphonate and tertiary carbinol are synthesized from the reaction of diethylaluminum cyanide with acyl phosphonates, representatively. Asymmetric syntheses of cyanohydrin and benzoin type reaction of acyl phoshonate are also investigated representatively.

In this work, two groups of carbon supported Pt-Pd catalysts have been prepared in order to investigate the effect of Pd, as a second metal, and surfactants on the catalytic activity towards methanol and ethanol oxidation reactions used in the direct methanol and ethanol fuel cells. In the first group (group a), 1- hexanethiol was used as a stabilizing agent while in the second group (group b), 1,1 dimethyl hexanethiol was utilized. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used in order to determine the nature of the catalysts. The average crystalline size of the metal particles in the catalysts was explored by XRD and TEM. TEM results revealed the uniform distribution of the metal nanoparticles on carbon support with a narrow size distribution in the range of 3.0 to 3.7 nm and the average crystalline sizes of metal particles for group &ldquo / b&rdquo / catalysts were larger than that of group &ldquo / a&rdquo / catalysts which can be explained by the surfactant effect. These results were in good agreement with XRD data. The oxidation states of platinum (Pt(0) and Pt(IV)) and palladium (Pd(0) and Pd(II)) and their ratios were investigated by XPS and for the most active catalyst, catalyst Ib, these ratios were found to be as 6.94 and 13.7, respectively. Electrochemical activities of the catalysts towards methanol and ethanol oxidation reactions were recorded and compared with that of Pt/C and the commercial Pt (ETEK 20 %wt) catalysts. The results indicated that the group &lsquo / b&rsquo / catalyst has greater catalytic activities than that of group &lsquo / a&rsquo / catalysts. Catalyst Ib comes into prominence as the most active catalyst due to its superior characteristics that it possess such as highest extent of alloying with respect to the palladium amount used, active surface area, CO-tolerance, stability and Pt (0) to Pt (IV) and Pd (0) to Pd (II) ratios.

In this study, an appearance reconstruction method based on extraction of material re&amp / #64258 / ectance properties of a three-dimensional (3D) object from its twodimensional (2D) images is explained. One of the main advantages of this system is that the reconstructed object can be rendered in real-time with photorealistic quality in varying illumination conditions. Bidirectional Re&amp / #64258 / ectance Distribution Functions (BRDFs) are used in representing the re&amp / #64258 / ectance of the object. The re&amp / #64258 / ectance of the object is decomposed into di&amp / #64256 / use and specular components and each component is estimated seperately. While estimating the di&amp / #64256 / use components, illumination-invariant images of the object are computed from the input images, and a global texture of the object is extracted from these images by using surface particles. The specular re&amp / #64258 / ectance data are collected from the residual images obtained by taking di&amp / #64256 / erence between the input images and corresponding illumination-invariant images, and a Lafortune BRDF model is &amp / #64257 / tted to these data. At the rendering phase, the di&amp / #64256 / use and specular components are blended into each other to achieve a photorealistic appearance of the reconstructed object.

Each year many forest fires have occurred and huge amount of forest areas in each country have been lost. Turkey like many world countries have forest fire problem. 27 % of Turkey&amp / #65533 / s lands are covered by forest and 48 % of these forest areas are productive, however 52 % of them must be protected. There occurred 21000 forest fires due to several reasons between 1993 and 2002. It is estimated that 23477 ha area has been destroyed annually due to wildfires. The fire management strategies can be built on the scenarios derived from the simulation processes. In this study a GIS &amp / #65533 / based fire simulating model is used to simulate a past fire occurred in Marmaris &amp / #65533 / &Ccedil / etibeli, Turkey, in August 2002. This model uses Rothermel&amp / #65533 / s surface fire model, Rothermel&amp / #65533 / s and Van Wagner&amp / #65533 / s crown fire model and Albini&amp / #65533 / s torching tree model. The input variables required by the model can be divided into four groups: fuel type, fuel moisture, topography and wind. The suitable fuel type classification of the vegetation of the study area has been performed according to the Northern Forest Fire Laboratory (NFFL) Fuel Model. The fuel moisture data were obtained from the experts working in the General Directorate of Forestry. The fire spread pattern was derived using two IKONOS images representing the pre- and post-fire situations by visual interpretation. Time of arrival, the rate of spread and the spread direction of the fire were obtained as the output and 70 % of the burned area was estimated correctly from the fire simulating model.

A computer program has been written to perform production optimization in submersible pump lifted wells.Production optimization was achieved by the principles of Nodal Analysis Technique which was applied between the reservoir and the wellhead ignoring the surface choke and separator.computer program has been written according to two lifting environment,which are:pumping with only liquid,pumping with both liquid and gas.

Simulcasting is a spectrally efficient wide area coverage technique that can be advantageous in private mobile radio applications such as emergency services. In a simulcast network, multiple base stations broadcast the same information on a single nominal carrier frequency, causing severe multipath interference at a receiver in the overlap region of several neighboring base stations. In this thesis, we introduce a transmit delay scheme for simulcast networks and investigate the performance of the scheme in LOS and Rayleigh fading environments. In this scheme a relative transmit delay is introduced between neighboring base stations to extend the differential delay between different paths in the overlap regions, from the order of the carrier period to the order of the symbol period, thus transform RF carrier interference into ISI. The receiver employs MLSE to obtain diversity gain from ISI. The performance of the system is evaluated using analytical bounds and simulations carried out for an MLSE based &amp / #960 / /4 DQPSK receiver and the results show that the proposed scheme operates succesfully, turning destructive interference disadvantage into a multipath diversity advantage, provided that a sufficient delay is used between the base stations. The &ldquo / sufficient&rdquo / delay value is determined by considering the coverage properties of the scheme and is in fact &ldquo / optimum&rdquo / , since more than sufficient transmit delays result in useless increased receiver complexity. We provide our results using parameters for the TETRA system, however, the results of the work can readily be used for other systems.

This study sought to investigate the effects of multiple intelligences based instruction (MIBI) and learning styles on ninth graders&amp / #8217 / attitudes toward biology, biology achievement, and overall multiple intelligences. This experimental research was conducted in the second term of 2002-2003 educational year in Eregli high school. The sample involved in the study consisted of 64 students from the two different ninth grade classes taught by the same teacher. One class was assigned as the experimental group in which students were exposed to MIBI, whereas the other class was assigned as the control group in which students were exposed to traditional instruction in the unit of diversity and classification of living organisms. The data were obtained from attitudes toward biology scale, unit achievement test, multiple intelligences and Kolb&amp / #8217 / s learning style inventories, interviews with the students and the teacher, and observations in the experimental classroom during the treatment. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance was used for the quantitative data obtained from measuring tools. Results indicated that there was a significant effect of MIBI on students&amp / #8217 / attitudes toward biology and biology achievement, but there was not any significant effect of MIBI on students&amp / #8217 / overall multiple intelligences. In addition, there was not any significant effect of the students&amp / #8217 / learning styles on their attitudes toward biology, biology achievement, or overall multiple intelligences. Moreover, interpretations of the interviews with the students and the teacher, and the observations of the experimental classroom indicated that MIBI had positive contributions on teaching and learning process.

ABSTRACT SYNTHESIS OF FERROCENYL CYCLOPENTENONES TUMAY, T&uuml / lay Asli M.S., Department of Chemistry Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Metin Zora August 2005, 80 pages Construction of highly functionalized five-membered rings via cycloaddition reaction of cyclopropylcarbene-chromium complex with alkynes has become a very active area of research in recent years by virtue of their presence in antitumour natural products. Also with the finding that ferrocene derivatives are active against various tumours, considerable interest has been devoted to the synthesis of new ferrocene derivatives since properly functionalized ferrocene derivatives could be potential antitumour substances. So, the incorporation of the essential structural features of cyclopentenones with a ferrocene moiety could provide compounds with enhanced antitumour activities. For this purpose, we have investigated the reaction between cyclopropylcarbene-chromium complex and ferrocenyl alkynes. The reaction of cyclopropylcarbene-chromium complex with ferrocenyl alkynes afforded &amp / #945 / -hydroxycyclopentenones in a one-pot process, whereas the same reaction with alkynes gave cyclopentenones as major products. Interestingly, water addition was observed instead of reduction according to the previously proposed mechanism. This is a different result than those in literature. The reaction was regioselective both with terminal ferrocenyl alkynes and internal unsymmetrical ferrocenyl alkynes. The products obtained were those where the sterically larger alkyne substituent, ferrocene, was &amp / #945 / to the carbonyl group.

This thesis analyzes the impact of Europeanization on domestic policy structures in states which are not European Union (EU) members within the framework of asylum and refugee policies. It focuses on the influence of Europeanization during Turkey&amp / #8217 / s pre-accession process to the EU after 1999. This thesis has three main goals. The first one is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics behind Europeanization of asylum and refugee policies. The second goal is to highlight the institutional, administrative and ideational environment in which these policies take place. Finally, it aims to analyze how the dynamics of European integration through legislative harmonization creates systemic transformation in domestic governance systems in the EU candidate countries in their pre-accession process.