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Pour former nos hypothèses, il fallait examiner les discours scientifiques sur le genre et leurs applications dans le cas grec, ce que nous avons essayé de faire dans notre introduction.Notre travail s’est articulé en cinq grandes parties. La première aborde la formation de la diaspora grecque de la fin du 18ème siècle aux révolutions de 1917 et les représentations féminines dans l’historiographie gréco-pontique. La deuxième partie aborde l’accès des femmes au savoir, les modes d’intégration à la nouvelle société soviétique. La conservation des rôles culturels nous mène à dresser une typologie des femmes « grecques » et des femmes « soviétiques ». La troisième s’intéresse à la reformation ou disparition des rôles au cours des répressions politiques qui affectèrent considérablement la diaspora grecque. Nous avons également dressé un bilan des femmes-victimes des purges. La dernière partie a montré enfin que l’exile constitua un moment-rupture avec le passé, au moins dans les témoignages oraux de ses protagonistes. Les femmes qui nous ont parlé d’elles-mêmes et les hommes qui se sont demandés sur les questions de genre nous ont offert une image du passé originale, digne d’intérêt. / In order to form our hypothesis, it would be necessary to examine the scientific discourse on gender and its application to the greek case, and this is what we tried to do in our introduction. Our study was organized in five large parts. The first one approaches the formation of greek diaspora from the end of the 18th century to the revolutions of 1917 and the woman representation in pontic-greek historiography. The second one approaches the access of women in education, the ways of integration in the new soviet society. The preservation of the cultural roles leads us to develop a typology between “greek” women and “soviet” women. The third part focuses on the reformation or disappearance of the roles during political repressions that would have an impact on greek diaspora. Furthermore, we discussed on the women-victims of purges. Finally, the last part demonstrates that the exile constituted a rupture with the past, at least as it resulted from its protagonists’ oral testimonies. The women who talked about themselves and the men surveyed on gender issues give us an original image of the past, worthy of interest.

Never in the history of the South African nation has the entrepreneurial spirit been more alive. Since the opening of international doors, after the 1994 elections, South Africa has experienced the explosive growth of transnational entrepreneurship. An enduring aspect of the explosion of such economic activity is the need for "good governance" and the need for governance education in South Africa and the rest of the continent has never been greater. The size of the family business component of the South Aftican economy suggests that it is the predominant way of doing business in South Africa. Of importance to this study is the estimate that approximately 95 % of all Greek businesses in South Africa can be classified as family businesses. The sustainability of Greek family businesses requires that they maintain good governance practices that are economically and environmentally acceptable to all stakeholders. It also requires that the next generation of Greek entrepreneurs balance good governance for the businesses as well as for the family. The primary objective of this study was to identify and explore the internal factors that influence and determine good governance to ensure the survival, growth and sustainability of Greek family businesses in South Africa. The secondary research objectives pertained to the underlying dimensions of good governance and required an exploration of the different governance concerns in relation to specific South African Greek behaviour and characteristics. A theoretical model of good governance factors was proposed and tested using Structural Equation Modeling. The study found that perceived good governance in a South African Greek family business context needs to be measured in terms of three factors, namely risk control, the internal regulatory environment and the protection of the stakeholders' interest. The study dealt further with the secondary sources effecting governance for South African businesses and was based on the latest report by the King Commission. An important finding is that the cross cultural aspect of family business governance must now be considered when conducting such research as more and more emphasis is placed on the good governance of all businesses.

This study examines the ancient Greeks’ attitudes to children during the Classical and Hellenistic periods. The investigation is limited to literary sources in selected pre-Christian texts. Problems which might bias interpretation have been noted. Parent-child relationships, as revealed in literary examples of parental love and concern, are of particular interest. Hazards affecting survival in early childhood, and factors which influenced attitudes regarding the fetus, abortion, exposure and infanticide are considered. Legal, political and socio-economic factors are amongst motivating forces. Childhood experiences such as education, sport, pederasty, step-families, slaves and slavery, preparation for marriage, and deprivation due to war and environmental factors are also examined. Ancient attitudes to children are compared with modern attitudes to children in similar situations prevailing in Western culture in the 21st century. The findings reveal that basic human behaviour has changed little over the millennia; however, factors influencing attitudes have undergone some change as society evolved.

Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) represent one of the fastest-growing credit derivatives of the structured finance world. In January 2007, the law has been promoted so that CDOs can be issued in Taiwan, including CLOs and CBOs. Thus, we can expect that these two kinds of CDOs will be main products in short future. There are many approaches to valuing CDOs, such as structural models, reduced-form models and credit barrier models. Copula models, which are sometimes classified as reduced-form models, represent the market standard for pricing CDOs. In this paper, we discuss the “implied copula model”, one approach implied from copulas. This is first written by John Hull and Alan White in October, 2006. Here, we discuss how the assumptions in the implied copula model can be released or changed. In our study, we use the CDX IG data on June 8, 2007, for calibration. Besides valuing CDOs with implied copula, we use the adjusted implied copula approach to hedge. Since credit default swap (CDS) has become one of the basic credit products and CDOs are based from some set of CDSs, the CDO tranches and the CDSs must be arbitrage-free. By taking this idea into our model, our study shows that this approach can be used to hedge CDOs with CDSs. Moreover, we use implied copula to eliminate the arbitrage opportunity in Gaussian copula/base correlation approach. As valuing, we also use the CDX IG data on June 8, 2007, for calibration in our hedging model. Consequently, our results suggest that there is a hedging approach with better hedging effect, which is constructed according to Greeks of CDO tranches or according to classification by industries and credit ratings of the CDS names for CDOs.

This dissertation aims at studying underlying cultural conflicts in Corinth and Paul's approach thereto. Firstly, the cultural underlays in the congregation of Corinth are revisited, with special reference to the presence of Greeks, Romans and Jews in the congregation which came into being there. This theme is explored by studying the meaning of culture, the archaeological data, as well as Biblical data and other historical data regarding these cultures and Corinth. Furthermore attention is given to the way in which these three cultures were reflected in Paul's own background. In conclusion Paul's approach to the conflict is delineated in terms of positive and negative renderings of the concept "becoming a slave to fellow humans". Special focus is given to 1 Corinthians 9:19-23 as a key pericope in this regard. The deduction made in this dissertation is that Paul disregards his own cultural heritage and makes himself a slave to people on behalf of winning people for Christ, without allowing people (or cultural groups) to rule him as masters. / Thesis (M.Th. (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006

The Vanna-Volga (VV) method has been in wide use as one of the major tools for several years among foreign exchange (FX) trading desks. Despite its popularity, the properties of the VV method are not well studied and understood. This thesis attempts to understand better why and when the VV method makes sense, and how to use it better. Often under practical circumstances the state of calibration can be described as being frequent but imperfect. To take advantage of this level of calibration, we studied the properties and benefits of the Karasinski method, and extended this method to a few useful applications. We have found that the Karasinski method, if used with a reasonably calibrated model, can provide significant performance improvement over the VV method.The VV and Karasinski chapters contain most of the original research in this thesis; there are a wealth of discoveries made in these chapters. Novel methods and applications related to the VV and Karasinski methods are proposed, and some of which can be readily applied to the practical trading environment. To make the VV and Karasinski methods work well in practice, the numerical issues for computing the price and Greeks have been carefully addressed with finite difference schemes that are second-order convergent and fast to compute. As an example of easy-to-compute but difficult-to-calibrate model candidates for the Karasinski method, the Multi-Heston model has been discussed too. A sound computational preparation enables the VV and in particular Karasinski methods to enjoy high viability as being fast, efficient and practical. This thesis is tailored to the purpose of making a detailed study on these useful methods whose great potential has not been adequately understood and fully realised.

Ma thèse concerne la période préhellénique et archaïque de la Grèce. Elle vise à étudier la tradition sur les origines de la civilisation grecque à travers la référence aux Pélasges. Elle apporte un nouvel éclairage sur nos acquis historiques et culturels relatifs à cette Grèce et met en exergue les prémices de la civilisation grecque stricto sensu apparue vers le VIIIe siècle avant JC. Les auteurs antiques grecs dont Homère, Hésiode, Hérodote, Thucydide et les auteurs tragiques ont largement mentionné les Pélasges comme ayant peuplé les régions qui allaient devenir la Grèce et mis copieusement en évidence leur autochtonie. Prédécesseurs des Grecs, ils leur ont légué les éléments essentiels de leur civilisation. Les auteurs modernes n'ont pas pris en compte ce phénomène pélasgique. En effet la découverte des sites archéologiques de Mycènes et de Troie et le fait d'avoir qualifié de mycénien le peuple ayant précédé les Grecs, ont complètement occulté le rôle civilisateur des Pélasges. Mon intention est de les étudier par une approche pluridisciplinaire qui confronte les données de la tradition antique aux éléments historiques, ethnolinguistiques, archéologiques et mythologiques, susceptible de les éclairer. Enfin Ventris et Chadwick en déchiffrant le linéaire B (appelé mycénien), ont encore davantage obscurci voire occulté la part pélasgique dans la formation de la civilisation grecque, en le repoussant dans une lointaine préhistoire vers laquelle on ne pourrait rien dire. Dans leur procédure de déchiffrement Ventris et Chadwick n’ont pas fait appel à ce fonds préhellénique qu’on peut définir comme du pélasgique ancien. C’est pourquoi ils l’ont appelé grec ancien. / My thesis concerns prehellenic archaic periods of Greece. It aims to study the tradition about the origins of Greek civilization through the reference to Pelasgians. It brings a new lighting on our historical and cultural heritage relating to this Greece and puts forwards the first steps of the Greek civilization emerged in the early 8th century before J-C Earliest Greek authors including Homer, Hesiod, Hecataeus of Miletus, Hellanicus of Lesbos, Herodotus and tragic authors, widely mentioned Pelasgians as having populated the areas which were going to become Greece and copiously highlighted their local origin. Predecessors of the Greeks, they bequeathed to them the essential elements of their civilization. Modern authors did not take into account this pelasgic phenomenon. Indeed the discovery of the archeological sites of Mycenae and Troy as well as the fact of having qualified Mycenaean (invention of Heinrich Schliemann) the people who preceded the Greeks, have completely occulted the civilizing role of Pelasgians. My intention is to study them by a multidisciplinary approach confronting the data of the ancient tradition with the historical, ethnolinguistic, anthropological, archaeological and mythological elements, which may enlighten them. Finally Ventris and Chadwick by deciphering the Linear B (called Mycenaean), have further obscured or overshadowed the pelasgic share in the formation of Greek civilization, by pushing back it in a remote prehistory to which we could not say nothing. In their process of deciphering Ventris and Chadwick did not appeal to this prehellenic fund which can be defined as an ancient pelasgic. That’s why they called it ancient greek.

1 Abstract This diploma thesis describes domestic architecture in the western Black Sea area in the time range between two half of the 6th century and the first half of the third century BC. Geographically, the studied settlement is located mainly in today's Bulgaria and on the coast Romania and Ukraine. Locations in the northwestern Black Sea area (e.g. Olbia, Berezan) have (in the Greek colonies in their neighborhood) much better preserved domestic architec- ture than sites in the western Black Sea area. The work is historical and culturally divided into Greek and Thracian settlement. Based on a comparison is made interpretation of the above mentioned settlements. The aim was to characterize individual sites, interpret and compared with each other, or finds analogous parallels especially in the Greek world. The work should refer to the func- tioning of domestic architecture (or the whole domestic urban), as in Greek cities in defined areas of the western and northwestern Black Sea area, and in places that were inhabited by the original (Thracian) population. Interpretative result of the work needed to improve under- standing of cultural relations between Greeks and Thracians which determined urban devel- opment mainly in the inner Thrace. Keywords: domestic architecture, settlement, Thracians, Greeks,...

O Genocídio Armênio (1914-1916), reconhecido por alguns estudiosos como o protótipo do genocídio moderno, é negado até hoje pelo governo turco, apesar dos protestos da comunidade armênia dispersa em todo o mundo. Oficialmente, a Turquia reconhece que ocorreram muitas mortes, mas nega a intenção estatal do ato genocida. Na mesma época ou até mesmo um pouco antes, os gregos a outra grande minoria cristã do Império Otomano também sofreram massacres e perseguições, com um saldo de centenas de milhares de mortos, vivenciando situações semelhantes às sofridas pelos armênios. Sob este mesmo viés, movimentos nacionalistas e imperialistas europeus levaram à perda significativa de territórios do Império Otomano, forçando, em consequência, a mobilização de centenas de milhares de muçulmanos que, fugindo do domínio cristão, instalaram-se na Anatólia, fortalecendo as questões etno-religiosas. Hoje, essas histórias seguem sendo motivo de questionamento, ainda que esquecidas ou silenciadas por alguns grupos. O objetivo deste estudo é contribuir para a elucidação desta polêmica, reunindo um conjunto de informações que permita uma compreensão mais ampla do assunto. Com base na historiografia especializada no tema, procuramos inventariar e comparar as versões de diversos autores, cujos discursos são complementares ou mesmo antagônicos, bem como a posição oficial do governo turco, postada no site do Ministério das Relações Internacionais da Turquia. Somam-se aqui os testemunhos de sobreviventes e as declarações de diplomatas e missionários estrangeiros que presenciaram os acontecimentos. / The Armenian Genocide (1914-1916), recognized by some scholars as the prototipe of the modern genocide, is denied by the turkish government even today, despite the protests of the armenian community around the world. Officially, Turkey recognizes that many people died in the period, but denies the genocidal intent. At the same time or little before. The greeks the other major minority of the Ottoman Empire also suffered with massacres and persecutions, resulting in hundreds of thousands dead, experiencing similar situations as those suffered by the Armenians. In the same period, nationalist and imperialist movements led to great losses of territory of the Ottoman Empire, forcing, as a result, the mobilization of hundreds of thousands of muslims, escaping from the Christian rule, who settled at Anatólia, stressing the etno-religious conflicts. Today, those stories are still a reason to argue, even if forgotten or silenced by some groups. The intention of this work is help on the elucidation of the polemica, collecting a set of informations that may allow a wider understanding of the subject. Using the specialized historiography, we tried to catalogue and compare the many opinions of authors, whose speeches are complementary or even opposing, as well as the official version of the Turkish government, posted at the Ministery of Foreign Affairs website. Here is added the voices of the survivors and the statements of foreign missionaries and diplomats, who witnessed the events.