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This dissertation is a study of the early career of the American architect-turned-artist Gordon Matta-Clark (1943–1978) that spans the years 1968 to 1972. Immersing himself in SoHo’s vibrant artistic community, of which he was both a catalyst and a nexus, Matta-Clark worked through the essential ideas and concerns that would inform his practice during this condensed but incredibly generative four-year period. The works that resulted are heterogeneous, united less by specific media than by a shared constellation of concepts. Foremost among these concepts is energy: a key trope in the cultural, theoretical, and artistic discourses of Matta-Clark’s late-1960s and early-1970s moment. In histories of this period (spurred, in part, by the attention paid to Matta-Clark’s peer, Robert Smithson), energy has often been aligned with entropy: a negative movement that leads to an ultimate stasis. In contrast, Matta-Clark marshaled energy as a creative force: a motor of the "metamorphic" processes that his works both enacted and pursued. By focusing on these four years, my study opens new perspectives on both Matta-Clark’s project and the artistic and discursive formation, Postminimalism, from which it is inextricable. In doing so, I defamiliarize art history’s current conception of Postminimalism, “requestioning” (to adopt Matta-Clark’s neologism) its central term, process, through his creative energetics.

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No / In this chapter, augmented space is described as the layering of media technologies onto the physical space of the city. The approach assesses salient aspects of the experience of space in everyday life, the city and urban space more generally. The chapter discusses these in relation to the deployment of augmenting technologies and modes of display associated with augmented reality, new and digital media: visual or otherwise. Selected work, carried out in relation to culture, leisure and tourism is assessed. These case studies indicate the potential of augmented reality in areas of a) urban design, b) tourism and heritage, and c) the promotion of cycling for health and the creation of alternative transport infrastructure. The main characteristics of AR and augmented space are presented. This is followed by a discussion and development of hybrid research tools and applied in two case studies with a view to providing a potential roadmap for future work in this area.

Chez les bactéries à chromosomes circulaires, le crossing-over introduit par la recombinaison homologue peut conduire à des échanges de chromatides soeurs. Des nombres impairs de ces échanges aboutissent à la dimérisation des deux chromatides nouvellement répliquées compromettant ainsi leur ségrégation. Par conséquent, la plupart des bactéries utilisent le système de recombinaison spécifique de site Xer pour convertir les dimères de chromosomes et de plasmides en monomères stables. Ce système comporte deux recombinases de la famille Tyrosine recombinase, XerC et XerD, agissant sur le site dif. Cependant, quelques ε-protéobactéries n’ont besoin que d'une seule recombinase XerH agissant sur un site difH. Il parait intéressant d’étudier le système de recombinaison XerH de Campylobacter jejuni, surtout que l'augmentation spectaculaire de l'incidence de campylobactériose est alarmante. Cette étude vise à mieux comprendre comment la protéine XerH catalyse la réaction de recombinaison au niveau du site difH en mettant en évidence les séquences indispensables pour la liaison et le clivage. Grâce à ces expériences, nous avons pu confirmer que XerH est capable de se lier à la séquence entière difH; XerH est capable de cliver les deux brins supérieurs et inférieurs de difH avec une réaction plus efficace au niveau du brin inférieur; les nucléotides conservés du site de liaison sont indispensables pour la réaction de liaison; la modification de la longueur de l’espaceur améliore la réaction de liaison et de clivage et les modifications apportées au site de clivage prédit ont aboli la réaction de liaison et affecté la réaction de clivage au niveau du brin supérieur et inférieur du site difH. Ces expériences aideront à comprendre comment la recombinase XerH/difH contrôle la résolution des dimères chromosomiques chez Campylobacter jejuni en identifiant les séquences et les facteurs indispensables pour qu’un certain système soit fiable. Notre étude représente un pas vers l’avant pour comprendre un mécanisme important chez un agent pathogène ayant un grand impact sur la santé publique. / In bacteria with circular chromosomes, cross-over induced by homologous recombination can lead to sister chromatid exchanges, odd numbers of these exchanges result in dimerization of the two newly replicated chromatids compromising their segregation. Therefore, most bacteria use the Xer site-specific recombination system to convert chromosomal and plasmid dimers into stable monomers. This system involves two recombinases of the Tyrosine recombinase family, XerC and XerD, acting at the dif site. However, some ε-proteobacteria require only one XerH recombinase acting on a difH site. It seems interesting to study the XerH recombination system of Campylobacter jejuni, especially since the dramatic increase in the incidence of campylobacteriosis is alarming. This study aims to better understand how the XerH protein catalyzes the recombination reaction at the difH site by identifying the sequences required for binding as well as the factors regulating this reaction. As a result of these experiments, we were able to confirm that XerH is able to bind to the entire difH sequence; it is able to cleave both the top and bottom strands of difH with a more efficient reaction at the bottom strand; The conserved nucleotides in the binding site are essential for the binding reaction, modification of the spacer length improves the binding and cleavage reaction, and modifications in the predicted cleavage site abolished the binding reaction and affected the cleavage reaction at both the top and bottom strands of the difH site.. These experiments will help to understand how the XerH/difH recombinase controls the resolution of chromosomal dimers in Campylobacter jejuni by identifying the essential sequences and factors required for a certain system to be reliable. Our study represents a step forward in understanding an important mechanism in a pathogen with great impact on public health.

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Rural place is often overlooked in interaction design research. This thesis is centered around an analog interaction between humans and a 35 ton stone in a danish forest, on the rural island of Bornholm. With a methodological approach influenced by Donna Haraway's essay 'Situated Knowledges' the author approaches her site-specific topic both as a local, a tourist and a researcher. The thesis offers a close study of the interaction with the stone, and explains how this natural occurring interaction, has physically shaped the landscape around it, but also reveals the curation imposed upon rural place and and how this curation affects our sense of place. The researcher suggests that counter-curations can be used as a method for site-specific interaction designers, and exemplifies this by curating a natural site as well as a rural village site. The stone in the forest opens up for a project about the multiple identities of rural place and how theses are shaped in deep intertwining and tension between the past and present, human and nature.

XerC et XerD, deux recombinases impliquées dans la recombinaison site spécifique, résolvent les multimères d’ADN en monomères. Cette réaction se produit au niveau du site dif du chromosome, et nécessite le domaine C-terminale de la protéine de division cellulaire FtsK. Caulobacter crescentus est une bactérie aquatique de type Gram-négative qui se retrouve dans plusieurs environnements. Elle présente un cycle cellulaire asymétrique avec deux types de cellules distinctes. Cette propriété peut être utilisée pour synchroniser la croissance d’une population bactérienne pour permettre l’étude de l’expression de gènes à travers le temps et les liens entre le cycle cellulaire et le développement de la bactérie. La liaison à l’ADN et la capacité de former des complexes covalents (phosphotyrosyl) avec le site dif de C. crescentus (ccdif) ont été testé pour les recombinases de C. crescentus (ccXerC et ccXerD). Les deux recombinases ont eu une meilleure liaison au demi-site gauche de ccdif et sont incapable d’effectuer une liaison coopérative, contrairement à ce qui se produit au niveau du site dif de E. coli. La formation de complexes covalents a été testé en utilisant des «substrats suicides avec bris» marqués à la fluorescence ainsi que des protéines de fusion (marquées ou non à la fluorescence). Des complexes ADN-protéines résistants à la chaleur et au SDS ont été observé lors de la réaction de ccXerC et ccXerD de type sauvage avec ccdif, mais pas lors de la réaction de mutants avec le même ADN. Des complexes covalents phosphotyrosine sont formés de façon plus efficace sur les substrats suicides avec un bris au niveau du brin supérieur que ceux ayant un bris au niveau du brin inférieur. Dans les deux cas, c’est ccXerC qui est resté lié de façon covalente à l’ADN de ccdif. / In most bacteria, the chromosomal dimer resolution process is mediated by two tyrosine recombinases, XerC and XerD, which bind cooperatively and perform the recombination reaction at the dif site near the terminus of replication. This reaction also requires the C-terminal domain of the cell division protein FtsK. Caulobacter crescentus is an aquatic Gram-negative bacterium found in various environments. This bacterium has an asymmetric cell cycle which can be used to synchronize cell growth in order to study the temporal expression of a gene and the interconnection between the cell cycle and development. The binding activity and the formation of phosphotyrosyl complex of the C. crescentus recombinases, ccXerC and ccXerD, were tested on the C. crescentus dif (ccdif) site. Both ccXerC and ccXerD bound preferentially to the left half-site of ccdif and showed reduced cooperative binding, unlike what was found with the E. coli dif site. Covalent complex formation activity was tested by using fluorescently labelled linear “nicked suicide substrates” and labelled proteins. Heat and SDS-resistant protein-DNA complexes were formed when both wild-type ccXerC and ccXerD reacted with ccdif but not in the presence of active-site tyrosine mutant proteins. Phosphotyrosine complexes formed on the top-nicked suicide substrate were found to be more efficient than on the bottom-nicked suicide substrates and surprisingly ccXerC remained bound to both top and bottom-nicked ccdif suicide substrates.