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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aim to evaluate the efficiency of variable fertilizer rate in croplands under precision agriculture (PA) in Rio Grande do Sul State with different level of technologies adoption. In the first chapter was evaluated the PF performance in a small farm with 19 ha in which was cropped soybean in 2005/06 and 2006/07 located in central of Rio Grande do Sul State. In this cropland were used the equipments and technology available in this farm. It was determined the spatial variability of soil attributes by grid sampling with 100 x 100 m also the yield map was done by manual sampling of crop and variable fertilizer rates by soil management zones. The PA increased in average 8% the soybean yield.The soil attribute that had better correlation with yield was soil organic matter. The economic analysis show a return of R$ 72,05 ha-1 due inputs save and increase yields. Also, the PA had a 29% increase of fertilizer use efficiency. In the second chapter were evaluated 6 farms totalizing 138 ha of soybean and 96 ha of maize linked to Aquarius Project of PA located in different counties of Alto Jacui, RS. The main activities evaluated were yield map with a Massey Ferguson combine, model MF 34, fertilizer variable rate with centrifuge force distribution Hercules 10.000 from STARA. The average of result shows decrease of 33.1 and 36.8% in fertilizer inputs and increase of 10 and 14% in soybean and maize yields, respectively. The efficiency use of fertilizer was increased in 47.2 and 62.8% allowing a return of R$ 143.34 ha-1 to soybean and R$ 312.44 ha-1 to maize. / Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência da adubação a taxa variável em áreas manejadas com agricultura de precisão (AP) no Rio Grande do Sul, com diferentes níveis tecnológicos. No capítulo 1 foram analisados 19 ha cultivados com soja nas safras 2005/06 e 2006/07, localizados em uma pequena propriedade no município de Silveira Martins, região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Nessa área foram utilizados os recursos tecnológicos disponíveis na propriedade. Com isso, foram determinadas as variabilidades espaciais dos atributos do solo através de um grid com 100 x 100 m, confeccionados mapas de produtividade de forma manual, aplicados os insumos em diferentes doses por zonas de manejo. O manejo localizado proporcionou uma economia de 17% na quantidade total dos insumos e um aumento de 8% na produtividade da soja, o que representou um retorno financeiro bruto de R$ 72,05 ha-1 e um aumento na eficiência de 29% em relação ao manejo tradicional. No capítulo 2 foram analisados 138 ha com a cultura da soja e 96 ha com a cultura do milho na safra 2006/07, distribuídos em 6 áreas pertencentes a produtores ligados ao Projeto Aquarius de AP e localizadas em diferentes municípios na região do Alto Jacuí RS. A colheita georreferenciada foi realizada com o auxílio de uma colhedora marca Massey Ferguson modelo MF34 e as aplicações, a taxas variáveis de insumos, foram realizadas através do distribuidor centrífugo Hércules 10000, marca Stara. Para realizar a análise da eficiência do uso de fertilizantes foram comparadas as entradas e saídas de fertilizantes e grãos nos talhões com AP, com a estimativa média de entradas e saídas dos talhões com AC que serviram de testemunhas dentro das propriedades correspondentes. Os resultados evidenciam uma redução média de 33,1 e 36,8% no uso dos insumos e um aumento de 10 e 14% no rendimento das culturas da soja e milho, respectivamente. A eficiência do uso de fertilizantes foi incrementada em 47,2 e 55,1% com o uso da AP, quando consideradas as quantidades totais de fertilizantes, passando para 31,3 e 62,8%, quando considerados os recursos financeiros, proporcionando um retorno de R$ 143,34 ha-1 para a cultura da soja e R$ 312,44 ha-1para a cultura do milho.

This thesis describes the rational design of a novel enzyme, a thiolester hydrolase, derived from human glutathione transferase (GST) A1-1 by the introduction of a single histidine residue. The first section of the thesis describes the design and the determination of the reaction mechanism. The design was based on the crystal structure of human GST A1-1 complexed with S-benzylglutathione. The resulting enzyme, A216H, catalyzed the hydrolysis of the non-natural substrate GSB, a thiolester of glutathione and benzoic acid. The reaction followed saturation kinetics with a kcat of 0.00078 min-1 and KM of 5 μM. The rate constant ratio, (kcat/KM)/kuncat, was found to be more than 107 M-1. The introduction of a single His residue in position 216 opened up a novel reaction pathway in human GST A1-1 and is a nice example of catalytic promiscuity. The substrate requirements were investigated and A216H was found to be selective since only two out of 18 GS-thiolesters tested were substrates for A216H. The reaction mechanism of the A216H-catalyzed hydrolysis of GSB was determined and found to proceed via an acyl intermediate at Y9. The hydrolysis was catalyzed by H216 that acts as a general base and the deacylation was found to be the rate-determining step. The Y9-intermediate could be selectively trapped by oxygen nucleophiles and primary alcohols, in particular 1-propanol and trifluoroethanol, were the most efficient. In addition, saturation kinetics was obtained in the acyl transfer reaction with 1-propanol indicating the presence of a second binding site in A216H. The second section of this thesis describes the site-specific covalent modification of human GST A1-1. The addition of GSB to the wild-type protein results in a site-specific benzoylation of only one tyrosine residue, Y9, out of ten present in the protein (one out of totally 51 nucleophiles). The reaction was tested with five GST classes (Alpha, Mu, Pi, Theta and Omega) and found to be specific for the Alpha class isoenzymes. The covalent modification reaction was further refined to target a single lysine residue, K216, providing a more stable linkage in the form of an amide bond. The reaction was found to be versatile and approximately 50% of the GS-thiolesters tested acylated K216, including a fluorophore. / <p>On the day of the public defence the status of article II was: Submitted and article IV was: In press.</p>

Abstract My objective with this master's thesis is to contribute development both to the education for art-teachers and to art education primary and secondary school.     This master thesis discusses three students’ different art-based processes in a visual project about sustainable site-specific design. The project is based on ethnographic documentation of a “non-place” chosen by students themselves. The students are working with visual ethnographic documentation, making pictures in different materials, process-documentations, process-dairy, reception-calls, portfolio-analysis and digital presentation. The project aims reflections over how students can transform their experiences and knowledge, and later, in their role as art teachers, using the visual methods learnt, and using the unexpected and uncertain as a potential, to organize education with primary school pupils. ‘     The purpose of the thesis is to study students learning in, about, and through visual processes in an art-project, where the design of the teaching includes risk-taking elements. To delineate the purpose, I will work on the following issues:  1. What is made visible in students' digital presentations regarding different learning processes, sub-results and final results at the denotative and connotative level?  2. What does the design of the teaching mean for the students’ learning, in relation to the following four problem areas: - Image production with materials, techniques and tools - Image, reception talk and image theory - Documentation, evaluation and assessment - The location, the drawing room and other conditions for picture teaching.  3. Will the unexpected and uncertain as a potential for learning, be made visible in the students' processes, partial and final results? If so, how?     This is a qualitative study of three teacher - students' digital presentations. The material in the study includes three teacher students' digital presentations from an exam in an art project; research notes from observations in four course elements; informal interviews with two of the students. All of the three students’ digital presentations start with ethnographic inspired documentations from their chosen “non-places”. These pictures is first analysed, through visual-semiotic analyse. With this result in mind the individual visual processes through different tasks combined with materials analyses with a semiotic gaze and results in three cases followed up with a process-analysis of the three cases.      The theoretical context of the study is based on constructionistic theoretical perspective and semiotics as a theory of analysis, problematising the four aspects of the learning-field of art-education, identified in the thesis’ systematic research overview. The aim is to discuss design of education and three students’ experiences of their process-oriented investigative artwork. A work based on divergent thinking, where processes and results are not predetermined and where neither students nor teachers can anticipate them and thus have to dare to let go, which is why the study wants to highlight the unexpected and uncertain potential in image education. The result shows three students’ different visual processes, both in what drove and inspired them, and how they worked in visual materials. It shows that the concept in the design of the task challenged the students to explore the unsecure and the unexpected.  Through their artwork and the studies four aspects design of education in teacher education and compulsory school were problematised and several new questions about education in art were raised.

THE DIPLOMA THESIS WHITE CUBE2 DEALS WITH THE ISSUE OF THE INTERIOR OF THE GALLERY. THE AIM OD THE THESIS IS TO DEFINE THE ONTOLOGICAL STATUS OF THE ARCHITECTURAL SPACE OF THE GALLERY AND ITS EXHIBITIONS. THIS PART IS PRECEDED BY A DISCOVERY OF INSTALLATION DISCOURSE AND THE OVERALL CONCEPT OF WHITE CUBE2. THE WORK DEALS WITH THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE MODEL GALLERY IN THE GALLERY AND WITH THE CHANGE OF THE USED MODEL OF THE TRADITIONAL ROLE OF THE VIEWER AS THE RECIPIENT OF THE WORK. THE WORK PRESENTS THE SCI-FI IDEA OF THE FUTURE OF THE MALE ELEMENT.

The dispersion of contaminants deriving from landfills poses a risk to the surrounding environment and human health. Old landfills are treated with extra precaution, due to their poorer construction, less stringent operation and lack information regarding the waste content. Vetlanda municipality has identified 48 old landfills. One of them is Rösaberg inerta massor. It is one of the largest landfills in the region and is located close to numerous sensitive environmental receptors (such as the river Emån). During a phase 1 investigation (MIFO 1) in 2017, the landfill was designated the highest risk classification, class 1, and is considered a very high risk to environment and human health. No sampling was conducted during this time, but the level of contaminants was assumed to be very high.   The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of contaminants by determining the pollution levels in soil and groundwater in the landfill. Samples was obtained by completing a site investigation, involving trial pits examination and installing of monitoring wells. National as well as site-specific guideline values were used to determine the effects of the contaminant levels of the site. In the software Groundwater Modeling system (GMS) was used to study if the contaminant plumes reach the river Emån. A 50-year scenario was set up in GMS to investigate likely concentrations in the future. Finally, a new risk assessment of the site was done, based on the obtained results.   The results indicated that the landfill does not pose such a large environmental risk that initially was expected in the phase 1 investigation. The level of contaminants was higher in the groundwater than in the soil. High concentrations of PAH-Hs and 2,6-dichlorobenzamide were found in two of the groundwater samples. However, the risk assessment using the information obtained from the study indicated a lower risk than what was estimated in the MIFO 1 assessment 2017. In this study, the risk of the landfills current properties was evaluated to a risk 2. The 50-year scenario indicated that contaminants in the uppermost groundwater layer will have dispersed in a higher rate than the contaminants in the lower layer. The risk was estimated to a risk 3 in 50 years. It should be noted that no samples was conducted in river Emån which needs to be done before ruling out the necessity for remediating the groundwater. No remediation action for the soil was assessed to be necessary. / Spridning av föroreningar som härrör från deponier riskerar att påverka den omgivande miljön och människors hälsa negativt. Framför allt gamla, nedlagda deponier bör behandlas med extra försiktighet då de ofta ackompanjeras av otillräckliga sluttäckningskonstruktioner och bristande kunskap om deponins innehåll och utbredning.  Det finns i nuläget 48 kända nedlagda deponier i Vetlanda kommun, där en av dem är Rösaberg inerta massor. Den är bland de största deponierna i området och ligger nära ett flertal skyddsvärda objekt i området, såsom Emån. Under en MIFO 1-undersökning som utfördes 2017, ansågs deponin uppnå den högsta riskklassningen (riskklass 1) som innebär att området betraktas som en mycket hög risk för människors hälsa och omkringliggande natur. Inga prover genomfördes under denna undersökning, men föroreningsnivån antogs vara hög då liknande deponier i närheten uppvisat höga föroreningshalter.   Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka förekomsten av föroreningar och dess halter i området för att kunna dra slutsatser om deponins effekter på närliggande miljö och människor. Data för föroreningsförekomst och halter i mark och grundvatten erhölls genom att genomföra en platsundersökning där provgropar grävdes samt grundvattenrör installerades. För att kunna uppskatta effekterna som föroreningsnivåerna skulle ha på platsen togs generella såväl som platsspecifika riktvärden fram och jämfördes med de uppmätta halterna. För att kunna fastställa vilken risk som deponin utgör för Emån studerades föroreningsplymernas flödesmönster i grundvattnet i datorprogramvaran GMS. Spridningsgraden och den sannolika föroreningshalten i framtiden undersöktes genom att inrätta ett 50-årigt scenario i GMS. Slutligen gjordes en ny riskbedömning av området baserat på de erhållna resultaten.   Resultaten visade att deponin inte innehåller de höga föroreningshalter som initialt befarades. Generellt visade sig föroreningsnivåerna vara högre i grundvattnet än i marken. En riskbedömning genomfördes med hjälp av resultaten erhållen från studien och gav indikationer på en lägre risk än den ursprungliga klassningen. Klassningen resulterade i en riskklass 2 med strikt bedömning då några föroreningar stack ut från den generellt annars låga föroreningshalten, såsom PAH-H:er samt pesticiden 2,6-diklorbensamid i grundvatten. Scenariot för föroreningssituationen i ett 50-årsperspektiv visade att föroreningar från det övre grundvattenlagret sprids och minskar mer i halt än det undre skiktet. Riskklassningen för detta scenariot uppskattades till en riskklass 3. Det bedömdes att en åtgärd inte är nödvändig för mark på grund av dess låga föroreningshalt. För grundvatten rekommenderas vidare undersökningar på Emåns påverkan av föroreningar från deponin innan en avskrivning av åtgärder kan göras.

This study analyzes The Influence Machine by Tony Oursler, Delay by Santiago Mostyn and An Imagined City by Jonas Dahlberg as public site-specific temporary artworks in Sweden. In particular, the intersection of the artworks and the site is analyzed, to see how emotions can be written about in an analysis. The questions are: How can these artworks be described? How can sites be described? What is the relationship between the sites and the artworks? How can emotions that exist in the space between the artworks and the sites be written about in an analys? My methodological framework is based on multimodal analysis of Carey Jewitt and Gunter Kress research. In the model, various media such as sound, light, installation, image, text and site have given individual space, to later be compared to each other and to clarify similarities, differences and relationships between each other. The model in the survey is shaped after each selected object, a so-called method reflectivity, to adapt the purpose of the survey. The model incorporates concepts derived from previous research on emotions and affect. Rosalyn Deutsch's work uses the concepts of harmonise and disruptive (sv. assimilativ, söndrande), Annika Wik's concepts of convergence, participant culture and world-making (sv. konvergens, deltagarkultur, världskapande) and Christian Norberg-Schulz's concepts of space and character (sv. rum, karaktär). In the survey, to show the relation between work and place, I coined the concept of affective relationship (sv. affektiv relation), which is close to Sara Ahmed's description of Happy Objects. This study shows that it is possible to rewrite emotions in a model that is adapted to concepts related to emotions and affect. The study further suggests that the relation between work and site can be described with the concept of affective relation, which can be elucidated by looking at the character of work and character of space. The model can be used for further research and analysis of work and place which contributes to a broader view within the discipline of art science around analytical models to open up and write about emotions.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第13145号 / 論工博第4163号 / 新制||工||1687(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 森 泰生, 教授 浜地 格, 教授 梅田 眞郷 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Despite our digitally interconnected world, media representations of people and cultures are often harmfully biased or narrow. This makes it difficult for viewersto understand the conditions, feelings, and struggles of others, not only on a global scale, but also within local contexts. This study explores whether or not digital engagement of a site-specific performance piece is transculturally effective. To evaluate this, a theater piece created and performed in Johannesburg, South Africa, and digitally disseminated to a global audience is used as a case study. The study analyzes the perspective of three response groups: (1) the “Makers”, those who were involved in the creation and meaning-making process of the performance, (2) local audience members (both live and as digital viewers), and (3) a digital global audience. Comparing the results from these groups allowed me to understand what meanings/themes transcend culture and which are dependent on cultural context, based upon the differences in response groups. Ultimately, this study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the intersection between site-specific theater, digital technologies, and cultural identity. What I found was that although some symbols and themes were universal, overall, the global audience reported a different experience than the local audience, and my data suggest that the site-specific work did not translate well to the transcultural audience. Additionally, the intentions of the performance by content makers were often not congruent with the received and reported meanings. These results make it clear that the transcultural communication of site-specific works may require additional efforts to make the content accessible, relatable, and understandable to global audiences who will view the works outside of their original cultural context.