Det är svårt att undgå de återkommande diskussionerna om artificiell intelligens (AI), specifikt generativ AI och dess allt mer utbredda användning. Utvecklingen av exempelvis chatbotar, såsom ChatGPT, markerar en övergång mot teknik som anpassar sig efter människan och inte tvärtom, vilket väckt frågor kring användarupplevelser och design. Därför ämnar den här undersökningen att skapa djupare förståelse för vad som motiverar människor att börja och fortsätta använda ChatGPT, den senaste generationen av chatbot. För att göra det används Uses and gratification theory som ramverk för undersökningen då den kan identifiera bakomliggande motivation och vilka tillfredsställelser användaren får vid användandet av ett visst medium. I motsats till tidigare forskning som huvudsakligen använt enkäter och frågeformulär, använder denna studie semistrukturerade intervjuer för att få insikt i användarnas perspektiv och upplevelser. För att sortera den empiri som samlats in gjordes ett affinitetsdiagram. Den sorterade datan har sedan analyserats genom linsen av Uses and gratification theory.  Resultatet från undersökningen visar att det finns fyra primära motivationer för att börja och fortsätta sin användning av ChatGPT: tidseffektivitet, produktivitet, nyfikenhet och tillit. Det framgår att nyfikenhet initierar användningen medan tidseffektivitet och produktivitet är de primära motivationerna till fortsatt användning. Vidare anses tillit vara den kritiska motivationen som behöver tillfredsställas för att bibehålla användares engagemang. Slutsatsen är att framtida forskning och designprocesser kan med fördel inkludera personer som idag inte använder den här typen av tjänster för att kunna identifiera fler bakomliggande orsaker till bristande tillit och motivation. Det finns även ett behov av att utöka eller ta fram nya ramverk för att undersöka och identifiera nya motivationsfaktorer och tillfredsställelser i det föränderliga landskapet av digitala tjänster. Slutligen anses det kritiskt att den fortsatta utvecklingen av ChatGPT och liknande tjänster antar en användarcentrerad approach för att säkerställa en positiv användarupplevelse. / It is difficult to avoid the recurring discussions about artificial intelligence (AI), specifically generative AI and its increasingly widespread use. The development of chatbots, such as ChatGPT, marks a transition toward technology that adapts to humans rather than the other way around, raising questions about user experiences and design. Therefore, this study aims to create a deeper understanding of what motivates people to start and continue using ChatGPT, the latest generation of chatbots. To achieve this, the Uses and Gratifications Theory is used as the framework for the study, as it can identify underlying motivations and the gratifications users derive from using a particular medium. In contrast to previous research that mainly used surveys and questionnaires, this study employs semi-structured interviews to gain insights into users' perspectives and experiences. Affinity diagrams were used to sort the collected empirical data. The sorted data has then been analyzed through the lens of the Uses and Gratifications Theory. The results of the study show that there are four primary motivations for starting and continuing the use of ChatGPT: time efficiency, productivity, curiosity, and trust. It appears that curiosity initiates usage, while time efficiency and productivity are the primary motivations for continued use. Furthermore, trust is considered the critical motivation that needs to be satisfied to maintain user engagement. The conclusion is that future research and design processes could benefit from including people who do not currently use this type of service to identify more underlying causes of lack of trust and motivation. There is also a need to expand or develop new frameworks to explore and identify new motivational factors and gratifications in the evolving landscape of digital services. Finally, it is deemed critical that the continued development of ChatGPT and similar services adopts a user-centered approach to ensure a positive user experience.

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A large part of the poor people in the world is dependent on local natural resources for their survival. Often, these resources are managed as common-pool resources; that is, they are used in common by a limited group of people, who are dependent on each other in their use of the resource. The first two essays in this dissertation explicitly examine the effects of poverty on common-pool resource management. I show that if utility is a non-homogeneous function of consumption, both income level and income distribution affects the chances for cooperative management of common-pool resources. In the first essay, I let the S-shaped relationship between health and consumption be reflected in an S-shaped utility function, and use game theory to examine the effects on cooperation. I find that the chances for cooperation are greater if the users of the common-pool resource are relatively well off than if they are very poor, but greatest of all in groups of users just managing to get the food they need to remain in good health. In the most relevant consumption levels, a temporary decrease in consumption may cause cooperation to fail. In the second essay, I show that income inequality decreases the scope for cooperation. In poor groups of users, the poorest will be the ones unable to cooperate, while in richer groups of users, the richest will be the ones who can not commit to cooperate. Alms-giving, an unequal sharing of the gains from cooperation and even a certain amount of free-riding are ways of making cooperation possible despite inequality. In the third essay data from ten, and case studies of five, irrigation systems in Nepal are analysed. The results show a positive correlation between income level and cooperation and a negative correlation between income inequality and cooperation, which supports the results from the first two essays. However, while the theoretical essays focus on the incentives to cooperate, the empirical analysis shows that it is at least as important that the users find a way to coordinate their efforts. The case studies, in particular, emphasise the importance of having a person as a leader. Furthermore, cooperation works better when a large share of the users belongs to the same ethnic group. / <p>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2002</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:08:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Ricardo Quinta.pdf: 1538715 bytes, checksum: f81aad08a0fd6c8b0628f1baef9a4721 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-15 / The mobile technology The increasing of mobile technology usage popularity for internet access enables educational content access in anyplace, anytime. However, the use of this flexibility requires considerable effort, because the content sponsor must produce not just one material version, but as many ones as the number of different devices used. This work discusses the content adaptation support in actual learning management systems, the problems associated with the use of different devices to access educational content and presents Odin. The Odin solution offers transparency on automatic adaptation of audio, video image ant text for suitable adhibition of adapted content in different machines, SCORM support and can be described as an extension in learning management systems application servers. / O aumento da popularidade do emprego de tecnologias móveis para acesso a internet viabiliza o acesso a conteúdo educacional por qualquer pessoa, em qualquer lugar, em qualquer instante. Contudo, usufruir desta flexibilidade exige esforço considerável, pois o responsável pelo conteúdo deve produzir não apenas uma versão do material, mas tantas quanto o número de dispositivos diferentes empregados. O presente trabalho discute o suporte à adaptação de conteúdo nas ferramentas de ensino a distância atuais, os problemas associados ao emprego de diferentes dispositivos para acesso a conteúdo educacional e apresenta a solução Odin. O Odin oferece transparência na adaptação automática de áudio, vídeo, imagens e texto para emprego adequado do conteúdo adaptado para diferentes dispositivos, suporte ao SCORM e pode ser visto como extensão em servidores de aplicações para ensino a distância.

For manufacturers in the wood industry, an important way to make the production more effective is to automate the process of detecting defects and different attributes on boards. One important attribute on most boards is heartwood and sapwood. This thesis project was conducted at the company MiCROTEC and aims to investigate methods to classify heartwood and sapwood on boards. The dataset used in this project consisted of oak boards. In order to increase the amount of information retrieved from the boards, hyperspectral imaging was used instead of conventional RGB cameras. Based on this data, deep learning models in the form of U-Net and U-within-U-Net architecture as well as different spectral dimensionality reduction methods were developed to segment boards in heartwood and sapwood. The performance of these deep learning models was compared to PLS-DA and SVM. PLS-DA has already been used at MiCROTEC and has been used in this work for comparison as a baseline model.   The result of the thesis work showed that a deep learning approach could increase the F1-Score from 0.730 for the baseline classifier PLS-DA to an F1-Score of 0.918, and that the different spectral reduction methods only had a small impact on the result. The increase in F1-score was mainly due to an increase in precision, since the PLS-DA had a similar recall as the deep learning models.

<p>U radu se proučava nastanak i razvitak televizije u svetu i u Jugoslaviji i osnivanje Televizije Novi Sad. Prve godine rada Televizije Novi Sad (1970 -1980) izučavane su kroz prizmu razvoja programa i auditorijuma, informativnu, kulturnu i obrazovnu funkciju, kao i kroz emisije zabavnog i sportskog karaktera. U radu su predstavljeni i svi faktori od značaja za osnivanje i razvoj Televizije Novi Sad: inicijativa za osnivanje, neizostavno tada&scaron;nja politička situacija, povoljne okolnosti za napredak inicijative, kao i raspoložive frekvencije za emitovanje programa u Vojvodini.<br />Ciljevi ovog istraživanja su da se ukaže na značaj osnivanja Televizije Novi Sad i njenu ulogu u razvoju medijske situacije u AP Vojvodini, kao i da se izvr&scaron;i analiza problema i prioriteta razvoja Televizije Novi Sad, odnosno političkih, dru&scaron;tvenih, kulturnih i informativnih razloga za osnivanje Televizije Novi Sad. Na ovaj način podaci koji su obrađeni, ostaju kao trajni istorijski presek, koji može poslužiti kao osnova nekih daljih istraživanja medijskog života u Pokrajini.<br />U istraživanju su analizirani ne samo razlozi za pokretanje i materijalna osnova i finansijska pomoć dru&scaron;tvenopolitičke zajednice Televizije Novi Sad i njena funkcija, koncepcija i fizionomija programa, već i &scaron;iroke političke konsultacije, informativne i komunikacijske obaveze dru&scaron;tvenopolitičke zajednice prema svom stanovni&scaron;tvu i politički, privredni i kulturni život u Pokrajini. Struktura gledalaca u Pokrajini, kulturni afiniteti i specifičnosti, ustavne promene u položaju, statusu i funkciji socijalističke AP Vojvodine, kao bitni faktori, takođe imaju svoje mesto u istraživanju.<br />Kori&scaron;ćeni su podaci iz zvaničnih i ličnih arhiva, kao i istraživanja i iskustva Centra za istraživanja javnog mnjenja, programa i auditorijuma, statut Televizije Novi Sad i konkretni primeri iz prakse kroz novinske članke objavljane u dnevnom listu &bdquo;Dnevnik&ldquo;.<br />Ovaj rad ima značaj u kontekstu razumevanja dana&scaron;njih uslova i stanja u kojem se medijski svet u AP Vojvodini nalazi. Značajno je i to &scaron;to su sublimirani upravo oni podaci, dokumenta i zabeležena iskustva o Televiziji Novi Sad koji bi u najvećoj meri bili izgubljeni ili prepu&scaron;teni zaboravu i uni&scaron;tenju.</p> / <p>In this dissertation the origin and progress of television in the world and in the former Yugoslavia, respectively the foundation of the Television of Novi Sad are examined. The first years of broadcasting of the Television of Novi Sad (1970-1980) are analysed through the prism of its informative, cultural and educative function; the progress of programmes&nbsp; and audiences as well as through entertaining and sports shows. Besides, all the factors are presented in this thesis which are significant for the foundation and progress of the Television of Novi Sad : the initiative for the foundation, the political situation of the time, adequate circumstances for the advancement of the initiative and the available broadcasting frequencies in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina.<br />The aims of this research are to draw attention to the importance of the establishment of the Television of Novi Sad as playing a great part in the improvement of the situation regarding the media in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, moreover to analyse the problems and priorities of the progress of the Television of Novi Sad, respectively the political, social, cultural and informative reasons for its foundation. Thus, the processed data represent a permanent historical review , which may serve as a basis for further researches on the media of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina.<br />During this research, beside the reasons for its launching, it was not only the financial basis and function of the Television of Novi Sad or the conception and physiognomy of its programmes that was analysed but also the wide political consultations, the informative and communicational duties of socio-political societies towards the civilian population, and the political, cultural and agricultural life in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The structure of viewers, the cultural specificity and affinities, the constitutional changes in the status and function of the socialist Vojvodina as significant factors are as well part of this research.<br />The data and information was collected and used from various sources, such as: official and personal archives; researches and experience of the Centre for Public-Opinion Poll, Programmes and Audiences; the statutes of the Television of Novi Sad, furthermore particular examples from practice extracted from articles published in the daily paper &lsquo;Dnevnik&rsquo;.<br />This dissertation is of considerable importance in the context of understanding the status of the media in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina today. Moreover, it is also a significant fact that exactly those data, documents and recorded experience are gathered here, which would all the way fall into oblivion or decay.</p>

La présente thèse traite de la description de systèmes complexes, notamment des polymères et des cuprates, par la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité. En premier lieu, la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité ainsi que différentes fonctionnelles utilisées pour simuler les matériaux à l’étude sont présentées. Plus spécifiquement, les fonctionnelles LDA et GGA sont décrites et leurs limites sont exposées. De plus, le modèle de Hubbard ainsi que la fonctionnelle LDA+U qui en découle sont abordés dans ce chapitre afin de permettre la simulation des propriétés de matériaux à forte corrélation électronique. Par la suite, les résultats obtenus sur les polymères sont résumés par deux articles. Le premier traite de la variation de la bande interdite entre les polymères pontés et leurs homologues non pontés. Le second se penche sur l’étude de polymères à faible largeur de bande interdite. Dans ce dernier, il sera démontré qu’une fonctionnelle hybride, contenant de l’échange exact, est nécessaire afin de décrire les propriétés électroniques des systèmes à l’étude. Finalement, le dernier chapitre est consacré à l’étude des cuprates supraconducteurs. La LDA+U pouvant rendre compte de la forte localisation dans les orbitales 3d des atomes de cuivre, une étude de l’impact de cette fonctionnelle sur les propriétés électroniques est effectuée. Un dernier article investiguant différents ordres magnétiques dans le La2CuO4 dopé termine le dernier chapitre. On trouve aussi, en annexe, un complément d’information pour le second article et une description de la théorie de la supraconductivité de Bardeen, Cooper et Schrieffer. / Description of complex systems by Density functional theory is treated in this thesis. First, the Density functional theory and a few functionals used to simulate cristals are presented. Specifically, the LDA and GGA functionnals are described and their limits are exposed. Furthermore, the Hubbard model as well as the LDA+U functionnal are addressed in this chapter. These methods enable the study of highly correlated materials. Then, results obtained on polymers are summarized in two articles. The first one treats the band gap variation of ladder-type polymers compared to non ladder type ones. The second article considers small band gap polymers. In this case, it will be shown that an hybrid functional, which contains exact exchange, is required to describe the electronic properties of the polymers under study. Finally, the last chapter address the study of cuprates superconductors. The LDA+U can account for the localization of electrons in copper orbitals. Consequently, a study of the impact of this functionnal on electronic properties of cuprates is conducted. The chapter is ended by an article treating magnetic orders in doped La2CuO4. Supplementary materials of the second article and a description of the theory of superconductivity of Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer are put in annex.

This study re-examines the relationship between competition and innovation in a detailed firm-level dataset of publicly traded US companies spanning from 1975 to 2013. Using R&D expenditures, patent counts and patent citations as the measures of innovation, and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, Lerner Index, Profit Elasticity and Product Market Fluidity as the proxies for competition we document a robust positive association between the two variables, as well as strong evidence of the non-linear relationship known as "inverted-U shape", when controlling for size, distance to technological frontier, level of knowledge spillovers, technological opportunities and other firm- and industry-specific characteristics. We address overdispersion in the data by using negative binomial and zero-inflated negative binomial count data regressions, and the results are robust in these specifications. Additionally, in order to address potential endogeneity issues, we employ a set of instruments based on the import tariff rates and the level of Chinese import penetration, and find a weak evidence of positive relationship as well. Overall the results strongly support the prediction of agency models, "replacement effect" and "escape- competition effect" about the positive influence of competition on innovation. Powered by TCPDF...

Colicin U is a protein produced by strains of bacterium Shigella boydii. It exhibits antibacterial activity against some bacterial strains Shigella and Escherichia. Based on sequence homology with colicins A, B and N, the colicin U is classified as a pore-forming colicin. Interaction of colicin U with attacked bacteria is ensured by three-step mechanism: 1) First colicin U interacts with surface receptors OmpA, OmpF and core of LPS. 2) Thereafter the colicin is translocated to periplasm through interaction with Tol proteins. 3) Finally colicin U interacts with the inner membrane of the attacked bacteria causing its depolarization. In this thesis I demonstrated pore-forming features of colicin U and further observed characteristics and properties of these pores. Using methods of measuring on black lipid membranes I determined a single channel conductance (19 pS), ion selectivity, the influence of various conditions on the behaviour of the pores. These findings, in many cases, correspond to the findings on other related colicins. Furthermore, I successfully determined the pore diameter of colicin U ( ≈ 0,8 nm). The next section of the thesis focuses on creation of single cysteine mutations of colicin U. Subsequently I produced five mutant variants of colicin U and verified their functionality so that...

The aim of the diploma thesis is to estimate the market value of the company Palírna u Zeleného stromu - Starorežná Prostějov, a.s. as of January 1, 2010 and to recommend shareholders, whether it is more profitable to go on or finish their business immediately. The thesis consists of five parts - financial analysis, strategic analysis, generators of value and financial plan. The value of the company is determined by the amortization value method. There are three scenarios of future development (pessimistic, realistic, optimistic).