In a model with a unionised immobile labour force we analyse how labour taxes and transfers towards unemployed workers are optimally chosen when a welfare maximising government faces oligopolistic and partly mobile firms. We consider two polar types of government: one whose objective consists of aximising the sum of domestic producer's and consumers' surplus and one that aims at maximising employed and unemployed workers' payoffs. We show that depending on the combination of foreign labour costs, the degree of domestic union bargaining power, and the sunk costs of relocation, the former type of government may choose to set taxes so as to induce an outward relocation of production. (author's abstract) / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

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本研究乃引用經濟部統計處於2007年4月在台灣地區從事對外投資活動之製造業廠商為調查對象所完成之「製造業對外投資實況調查」結果資料（有效樣本數計583家），運用Probit Model分析2006年我國製造業廠商，藉由對外投資理論及實證研究文獻，以探討不同產業特性與營運特性下及內部環境與外部環境間之差異，並分析台灣對外投資廠商進入地主國選擇產業內或產業間投資之決定因素。研究結果發現，「製造及銷售自有產品」及「勞力密集度」是影響台灣對外投資廠商選擇以「產業間直接投資」之決定因素；而「行業類別」、「由海外事業直接行銷」、「研發密集度」及「國際化程度」等則為影響台灣對外投資廠商選擇以「產業內直接投資」之決定因素。

Australia and the UK are both prominent economies in the international arena and share a strong trade and investment relationship. Interestingly, the UK while being a significant destination for Australian exports is an even more significant destination for Australian direct investment, a case anomalous to international trends. Analysis of this case elicits the question as to what factors differentiate between the firms that export and those that FDI. It is imperative to understand the differentiating factors between exports and direct investment as market entry decisions are decisive to the success of firms in international markets. A number of theories of international market entry have developed over the last quarter century, the ownership, location, and internationalisation model (OLI) is used in this study. The importance of the variables developed in this model are identified, and assessed as to their relevance to entry of Australian firms into the UK market through FDI or Exports. Qualitative information is used to support initial quantitative profiling. Results of the investigation indicate that while some variables were at times decisive, they were not predictive at all in other situations. The full interaction of the variables in the model was therefore concluded to be essential to fully differentiate between exports and FDI in all cases.

Diese Arbeit ist eine Sammlung von Studien, welche sowohl die makro-, als auch die mikroökonomischen Aspekte und Charakteristika von Rücküberweisungen pakistanischer Migranten in ihr Heimatland analysieren, sowie deren ökonomische Auswirkungen auf das Konsumverhalten und die Vermögensbildung der Empfängerhaushalte. Es zeigt sich, dass internationale Überweisungen im Vergleich zu anderen finanziellen Mittelflüssen eine stabile und stabilisierende Quelle für Devisen darstellen. Des Weiteren weisen sie mit Blick auf die heimische Wirtschaft ein antizyklisches Verhalten auf, während ihr Verhalten mit Blick auf die Wirtschaft des Gastlandes als azyklisch beschrieben werden kann.  Die Überweisungsströme werden maßgeblich von ihren Transaktionskosten beeinflusst, so dass Migranten in Zeiten hoher Transaktionskosten Rücküberweisungen ins Heimatland entweder einstellen oder informelle Kanäle zum Überweisen nutzen. Im Rahmen dieser Studie stellt sich außerdem heraus, dass Rücküberweisungen als hauptsächlich kurzfristige Einnahmequelle betrachtet werden. Aufgrund dessen werden die Zuflüsse oftmals in die Förderung von Humankapital investiert, wobei dieser Effekt stark abhängig vom Einkommensniveau des Empfängeraushalts ist.  Ferner führen internationale Überweisungen zu einem erheblichen Anstieg des Haushaltsvermögens, wohingegen Inlandsübweisungen keine signifikanten Vermögensänderungen mit sich bringen. Überdies ermöglichen internationale Rücküberweisungen den Empfängerhaushalten das Aufstocken vorsorglicher Ersparnisse.

Previous studies have discounted important factors and indirect channels that might contribute to business cycle synchronization (BSC) in the EU. We estimate the effects of market integration and economic policy coordination on bilateral business cycle correlations over the period 1995-2012 using a simultaneous equations model that takes into accounts both the endogenous relationships and unveils direct and indirect effects. The results suggest that (i) trade and FDI have a pronounced positive effect on BCS, particularly between incumbent and new EU members. (ii) Rising specialization does not decouple business cycles. (iii) The decline of income disparities in EU27 contributes to BCS, as converging countries develop stronger trade and FDI linkages. (iv) There is strong evidence that poor fiscal discipline of EU members is a major impediment of business cycle synchronization. (v) The same argument holds true for exchange rate fluctuations that hinder BCS, particularly in EU15. Since BCS is a fundamental prerequisite and objective in an effective monetary union, the EU has to promote market integration and strengthen the common setting of economic policies.

Submitted by Nelson Alberto Mucanze (nmucanze88@gmail.com) on 2016-12-05T15:38:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Corrigida Submissão.pdf: 1234900 bytes, checksum: 73634aeababf12b62d29b7d01f3e6017 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-12-07T11:46:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mucanze_na_me_arafcl.pdf: 1234900 bytes, checksum: 73634aeababf12b62d29b7d01f3e6017 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-07T11:46:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mucanze_na_me_arafcl.pdf: 1234900 bytes, checksum: 73634aeababf12b62d29b7d01f3e6017 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Moçambique tem experimentado taxas de crescimento econômico muito satisfatórias nos últimos anos. Segundo os dados da African Economic Outlook (AEO, 2014), o país cresceu em média 7% ao ano nos últimos dez anos. Os dados do Banco de Moçambique (2015) mostram que o fluxo de Investimento Direto Estrangeiro para o país evoluiu de US$ 347,3 milhões para US$ 4,9 bilhões entre 2002 e 2014. O governo moçambicano tem vislumbrado o IDE com papel estratégico para manter as taxas de crescimento econômico, aumentar o nível de empregos, proporcionar o desenvolvimento e atualizar a economia moçambicana em termos de transferência de tecnologias. No entanto sabe-se que essas “boas” consequências dos fluxos de IDE não acontecem automaticamente, é necessário que se criem políticas que façam que os retornos do IDE gerem riqueza para o país receptor. Neste trabalho, parte-se do pressuposto de que em Moçambique, apesar das altas taxas de crescimento econômico, os grandes fluxos de IDE não tem gerado riqueza para a economia nacional porque são concentrados no setor extrativo, têm muitos incentivos fiscais, não geram empregos, seus lucros são repatriados, têm pouca ligação com a economia nacional e incentivam conflitos políticos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar a importância do setor extrativo na atração de IDE para Moçambique. / Mozambique has experienced very satisfactory economic growth rates in recent years. According to the African Economic Outlook (AEO, 2014), the country grew at an average 7% year in the last ten years. The data of the Bank of Mozambique (2015) show that the flow of Foreign direct investment to the country evolved from $ 347,300,000 to $ 4.9 billion between 2002 and 2014. The Mozambican Government has glimpsed the IDE with strategic role to keep the rates of economic growth, increase the level of jobs, provide development and upgrading the Mozambican economy in terms of transfer of technology. However it is known that these "good" consequences of FDI flows don't happen automatically, It is necessary to create policies that make the returns of the FDI generate wealth for the receiving country. In this work, we start from the assumption that in Mozambique, despite high rates of economic growth, the large flows of FDI don't have generated wealth for the national economy because they are concentrated in the extractive sector, have many tax incentives, not generate jobs, their profits are repatriated, there is a little connection with the national economy and encourage political conflicts. The present work aims to identify the importance of the extractive sector in FDI attraction to Mozambique. / CAPES: 24/173538-1

This thesis is a result of the increased requirements on availability and costs of the aircraft Jas 39 Gripen. The work has been to specify demands and to find methods suitable for development of a decision support system for the fault isolation of the aircraft. The work has also been to implement the chosen method. Two different methods are presented and a detailed comparison is performed with the demands as a starting point. The chosen method handle multiple faults in O(N2)-time where N is the number of components. The implementation shows how all demands are fulfilled and how new tests can be added during execution. Since the thesis covers the development of a prototype no practical evaluation with compare of manually isolation is done.

The problem of fault diagnosis consists of detecting and isolating faults present in a system. As technical systems become more and more complex and the demands for safety, reliability and environmental friendliness are rising, fault diagnosis is becoming increasingly important. One example is automotive systems, where fault diagnosis is a necessity for low emissions, high safety, high vehicle uptime, and efficient repair and maintenance. One approach to fault diagnosis, providing potentially good performance and in which the need for additional hardware is minimal, is model-based fault diagnosis with residuals. A residual is a signal that is zero when the system under diagnosis is fault-free, and non-zero when particular faults are present in the system. Residuals are typically generated by using a mathematical model of the system and measurements from sensors and actuators. This process is referred to as residual generation. The main contributions in this thesis are two novel methods for residual generation. In both methods, systems described by Differential-Algebraic Equation (DAE) models are considered. Such models appear in a large class of technical systems, for example automotive systems. The first method consider observer-based residual generation for linear DAE-models. This method places no restrictions on the model, such as e.g. observability or regularity, in comparison with other previous methods. If the faults of interest can be detected in the system, the output from the design method is a residual generator, in state-space form, that is sensitive to the faults of interest. The method is iterative and relies on constant matrix operations, such as e.g. null-space calculations and equivalence transformations. In the second method, non-linear DAE-models are considered. The proposed method belongs to a class of methods, in this thesis referred to as sequential residual generation, which has shown to be successful for real applications. This method enables simultaneous use of integral and derivative causality, and is able to handle equation sets corresponding to algebraic and differential loops in a systematic manner. It relies on a formal framework for computing unknown variables in the model according to a computation sequence, in which the analytical properties of the equations in the model as well as the available tools for equation solving are taken into account. The method is successfully applied to complex models of an automotive diesel engine and a hydraulic braking system.

Assessment of the foreign direct investment (FDI) spillovers in the People's Republic of China (PRC) has become a lively area of research in the past decades; nonetheless, the existing primary literature seems to be inconclusive. The present thesis revises the literature through a meta-analytical approach using Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA). Considering that the previous liter- ature reviews are of either inferior quality or incomparable focus, our research is based on a collection of 1081 estimates from 14 primary studies published between 2007 and 2017 comprising data from 1995 to 2012. A variety of 85 characteristics of the observations is coded whilst we employ at least 30 of these within each BMA estimation. Through separate testing of individual spillover measures (horizontal, forward, and backward), an extensive evidence of publication bias is collected for horizontal spillovers in PRC-exaggerating the mean magnitude of the reported estimates. Finally, the thesis identifies that the spillover effect from FDI inflows originating from the area of Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan is systematically different from the others. JEL Classification O1, O3, O4 Keywords FDI, spillover effect, China, PRC, meta- analysis, publication bias, BMA Author's e-mail hermandominik@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail...