The initial treatment options for patients with stable coronary artery disease include optimal medical therapy alone, or coronary revascularization with optimal medical therapy. The most common revascularization modality is percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with either bare metal stents (BMS) or drug-eluting stents (DES). PCI is believed to reduce recurrent angina and thereby decrease the need for additional procedures compared to optimal medical therapy alone. It remains unclear if these benefits are sufficient to offset the increased costs and small increase in adverse events associated with PCI. The objectives of this thesis were to determine the degree of angina relief afforded by PCI and develop a tool to provide contemporary estimates of the impact of angina on quality of life. In addition, we sought to develop a comprehensive state-transition model, calibrated to real world costs and outcomes to compare the cost-effectiveness of initial medical therapy versus PCI with either BMS or DES in patients with stable coronary artery disease. ii We performed a systematic search and meta-analysis of the published literature. Although PCI was associated with an overall benefit on angina relief (odds ratio [OR] 1.69; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.24-2.30), this benefit was largely attenuated in contemporary studies (OR 1.13; 95% CI 0.76-1.68). Our meta-regression analysis suggests that this observation was related to greater use of evidence-based medications in more recent trials. Using simple linear regression, we were able to create a mapping tool that could accurately estimate utility weights from data on the Seattle Angina Question, the most common descriptive quality of life instrument used in the cardiovascular literature. In our economic evaluation, we found that an initial strategy of PCI with a BMS was cost- effective compared to medical therapy, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $13,271 per quality adjusted life year gained. In contrast, DES had a greater cost and lower survival than BMS and was therefore a dominated strategy.

The initial treatment options for patients with stable coronary artery disease include optimal medical therapy alone, or coronary revascularization with optimal medical therapy. The most common revascularization modality is percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with either bare metal stents (BMS) or drug-eluting stents (DES). PCI is believed to reduce recurrent angina and thereby decrease the need for additional procedures compared to optimal medical therapy alone. It remains unclear if these benefits are sufficient to offset the increased costs and small increase in adverse events associated with PCI. The objectives of this thesis were to determine the degree of angina relief afforded by PCI and develop a tool to provide contemporary estimates of the impact of angina on quality of life. In addition, we sought to develop a comprehensive state-transition model, calibrated to real world costs and outcomes to compare the cost-effectiveness of initial medical therapy versus PCI with either BMS or DES in patients with stable coronary artery disease. ii We performed a systematic search and meta-analysis of the published literature. Although PCI was associated with an overall benefit on angina relief (odds ratio [OR] 1.69; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.24-2.30), this benefit was largely attenuated in contemporary studies (OR 1.13; 95% CI 0.76-1.68). Our meta-regression analysis suggests that this observation was related to greater use of evidence-based medications in more recent trials. Using simple linear regression, we were able to create a mapping tool that could accurately estimate utility weights from data on the Seattle Angina Question, the most common descriptive quality of life instrument used in the cardiovascular literature. In our economic evaluation, we found that an initial strategy of PCI with a BMS was cost- effective compared to medical therapy, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $13,271 per quality adjusted life year gained. In contrast, DES had a greater cost and lower survival than BMS and was therefore a dominated strategy.

Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug prescribed to prevent stent thrombosis after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Previous evidence suggests that some widely prescribed statins may inhibit the antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel via competitive metabolism of its activating enzyme cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). / The objective was to investigate the possibility of an interaction post-PCI between statins and clopidogrel. / We carried out a population-based cohort study identifying 10,491 patients using clopidogrel post-PCI (2001-2004). The outcome was a composite of death of any cause, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, repeat revascularization, and cerebrovascular events. We found that co-prescription of CYP3A4-metabolized statins (hazard ratio (HR) 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79-1.15), or non-CYP3A4-metabolized statins (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.63-1.07) with clopidogrel was not associated with increase in adverse outcomes. / We observed no evidence of interaction between clopidogrel and statins in a large population cohort of PCI patients, suggesting unlikelihood of an important interaction.

Apesar de um aumento progressivo do investimento em saúde, a demanda crescente de recursos vem criando um déficit significativo e progressivamente maior, mesmo nos países desenvolvidos. A elevação dos custos em saúde representa, portanto, um desafio para as fontes pagadoras governamentais e privadas. A doença aterosclerótica coronariana (DAC), resultado da obstrução das artérias coronarianas, é uma das principais causas de incapacidade e morte no mundo atual. Uma projeção para 2020 coloca estas patologias como responsáveis por 25 milhões de mortes ao ano. Além do tratamento medicamentoso, uma parte dos pacientes com esta doença vai se beneficiar de algum tipo de intervenção mecânica. A angioplastia coronariana transluminal percutânea (ACTP) é uma tecnologia empregada para restaurar o fluxo nas artérias coronarianas obstruídas, dilatando regiões de estreitamento destes vasos. Esta tecnologia foi utilizada inicialmente como alternativa para os pacientes que deveriam ser submetidos à revascularização miocárdica cirúrgica. Nas últimas três décadas, com o avanço tecnológico, a ACTP se difundiu rapidamente, com uma ampliação da população candidata a esta tecnologia, promovendo mudanças no tratamento da doença aterosclerótica coronariana. O objetivo deste trabalho é, através de uma revisão narrativa, descrever e discutir alguns aspectos associados a difusão da ACTP como terapêutica para o tratamento da DAC. Foi realizada uma busca de evidencias cientificas, de língua inglesa, na Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina dos Estados Unidos (United States National Library of Medicine U.S.NLM and National Center of Biotechnology Information NCBI / MEDLINE), entre 1960 e 2010, com os descritores: Angioplasty, Transluminal, Percutaneous Coronary, stents e diffusion e também nos relatórios de Agências de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde de outros países sobre a introdução e difusão da ACTP. Posteriormente foi realizada uma revisão manual dos resumos de cada artigo, priorizando os artigos obtidos dentro do acervo de Periódicos CAPES. Espera-se que a melhor compreensão da difusão desta tecnologia possa ajudar numa melhor alocação de recursos e na formulação de políticas de saúde. / Despite a gradual increase in health investment, even in developed countries, the growing demand for resources has created a significant and gradually increased deficit. The rise in health costs therefore represents a challenge for government and private payers. Even with the increased longevity of the population, most of this spending appears to be the result of the development and diffusion of new medical technologies applied at all stages of health care (diagnosis, prognosis, therapy and prevention). Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD), resulting from obstruction of the coronary arteries is a major cause of disability and death in the world today. A projection for 2020 puts these pathologies as responsible for 25 million deaths a year. Besides drug treatment, some patients with this disease will benefit from some type of mechanical intervention. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a technology used to restore flow in clogged coronary arteries, dilating regions of narrowing of these vessels. This technology was initially used as an alternative for patients who should undergo coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. In the last three decades, with technological advances, PTCA spread rapidly, with an expansion of candidate population for this technology, promoting changes in the treatment of coronary atherosclerosis. The objective of this work is to review and discuss the evidence related to the diffusion of PTCA, trying to identify factors as potential determinants of diffusion and its consequences. We performed a literature search of evidence on the introduction and diffusion of PTCA also considering review articles, editorials and discussion on the subject. A manual review of abstracts of each article was done later, prioritizing items obtained inside of CAPES journals site. It is hoped that better understanding of this technology diffusion may help in better resource allocation and formulation of health policies.

Apesar de um aumento progressivo do investimento em saúde, a demanda crescente de recursos vem criando um déficit significativo e progressivamente maior, mesmo nos países desenvolvidos. A elevação dos custos em saúde representa, portanto, um desafio para as fontes pagadoras governamentais e privadas. A doença aterosclerótica coronariana (DAC), resultado da obstrução das artérias coronarianas, é uma das principais causas de incapacidade e morte no mundo atual. Uma projeção para 2020 coloca estas patologias como responsáveis por 25 milhões de mortes ao ano. Além do tratamento medicamentoso, uma parte dos pacientes com esta doença vai se beneficiar de algum tipo de intervenção mecânica. A angioplastia coronariana transluminal percutânea (ACTP) é uma tecnologia empregada para restaurar o fluxo nas artérias coronarianas obstruídas, dilatando regiões de estreitamento destes vasos. Esta tecnologia foi utilizada inicialmente como alternativa para os pacientes que deveriam ser submetidos à revascularização miocárdica cirúrgica. Nas últimas três décadas, com o avanço tecnológico, a ACTP se difundiu rapidamente, com uma ampliação da população candidata a esta tecnologia, promovendo mudanças no tratamento da doença aterosclerótica coronariana. O objetivo deste trabalho é, através de uma revisão narrativa, descrever e discutir alguns aspectos associados a difusão da ACTP como terapêutica para o tratamento da DAC. Foi realizada uma busca de evidencias cientificas, de língua inglesa, na Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina dos Estados Unidos (United States National Library of Medicine U.S.NLM and National Center of Biotechnology Information NCBI / MEDLINE), entre 1960 e 2010, com os descritores: Angioplasty, Transluminal, Percutaneous Coronary, stents e diffusion e também nos relatórios de Agências de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde de outros países sobre a introdução e difusão da ACTP. Posteriormente foi realizada uma revisão manual dos resumos de cada artigo, priorizando os artigos obtidos dentro do acervo de Periódicos CAPES. Espera-se que a melhor compreensão da difusão desta tecnologia possa ajudar numa melhor alocação de recursos e na formulação de políticas de saúde. / Despite a gradual increase in health investment, even in developed countries, the growing demand for resources has created a significant and gradually increased deficit. The rise in health costs therefore represents a challenge for government and private payers. Even with the increased longevity of the population, most of this spending appears to be the result of the development and diffusion of new medical technologies applied at all stages of health care (diagnosis, prognosis, therapy and prevention). Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD), resulting from obstruction of the coronary arteries is a major cause of disability and death in the world today. A projection for 2020 puts these pathologies as responsible for 25 million deaths a year. Besides drug treatment, some patients with this disease will benefit from some type of mechanical intervention. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a technology used to restore flow in clogged coronary arteries, dilating regions of narrowing of these vessels. This technology was initially used as an alternative for patients who should undergo coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. In the last three decades, with technological advances, PTCA spread rapidly, with an expansion of candidate population for this technology, promoting changes in the treatment of coronary atherosclerosis. The objective of this work is to review and discuss the evidence related to the diffusion of PTCA, trying to identify factors as potential determinants of diffusion and its consequences. We performed a literature search of evidence on the introduction and diffusion of PTCA also considering review articles, editorials and discussion on the subject. A manual review of abstracts of each article was done later, prioritizing items obtained inside of CAPES journals site. It is hoped that better understanding of this technology diffusion may help in better resource allocation and formulation of health policies.

L’athérosclérose est une pathologie artérielle chronique évoluant sur plusieurs années ou dizaines d’années. Sa traduction clinique est variable, pouvant rester longtemps asymptomatique, ou induire des symptômes d’effort directement lié à la réduction du calibre de l’artère (angor, claudication des membres inférieurs). Malgré cette évolution en apparence lente et progressive, les manifestations cliniques aiguës de cette pathologie sont souvent de survenue brutale. La formation de thrombus en regard des lésions athéromateuses dites déstabilisées représente la composante physiopathologique la plus fréquemment rencontrée. Cette complication aigüe de la plaque athéromateuse est responsable d’événements cardio-vasculaires majeurs impactant la morbi-mortalité, représentés par les syndromes coronariens aigus, les accidents vasculaires cérébraux ischémiques, et les ischémies aigues de membre inférieur. Après une revue des connaissances actuelles sur la plaque athéromateuse, nous étudierons à l’aide d’un modèle animal d’athérosclérose, son évolution, ses caractéristiques morphologiques, et nous testerons l’impact d’un traitement au long cours par statine en prévention primaire sur les plaques athéromateuses et sur les composants de la paroi vasculaire. Puis, dans une approche clinique, nous nous intéresserons à la durée optimale du traitement par double antiagrégant plaquettaire instauré après un traitement par angioplastie percutanée de plaque athéromateuse. Dans un second temps, nous détaillerons l’évolution des pratiques d’angioplastie coronaire en analysant les facteurs ayant contribué à limiter l’utilisation des stents non actifs (dit nus) au cours des 10 dernières années. Enfin, nous étudierons les principaux facteurs restant associés à la survenue d’un accident vasculaire cérébral post angioplastie percutanée, correspondant à l’une des principales complications majeures de ces procédures. / Atherosclerosis is a chronic arterial disease that progresses over several years or decades. Its clinical translation is variable, and may remain asymptomatic for a long time, or induce symptoms of stress directly related to the reduction in size of the artery (angina, chronic limb ischemia). Despite this seemingly slow and progressive evolution, the acute clinical manifestations of this pathology often occur suddenly. Thrombus formation in regard to the “destabilized” atheromatous lesions is the most frequently physiopathological components. This acute complication of atheromatous plaque is responsible of major cardiovascular events impacting the morbi-mortality, mostly represented by acute coronary syndromes, ischemic strokes, and acute lower limb ischemia. After a review of current knowledge on atheromatous plaque, we will study using an animal model of atherosclerosis, its evolution, its morphological characteristics, and we will test the impact of a long-term statin treatment in primary prevention on atheromatous plaques and on vascular wall components. Then, in a clinical approach, we will look at the optimal duration of double platelet antiaggregant after angioplasty. In a second step, we will detail the evolution of coronary angioplasty practices by analyzing the main factors that have contributed to limiting the use of bare metal stent over the past 10 years. Finally, we will analyze the major factors still associated with the occurrence of a stroke after percutaneous angioplasty.

Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-09-10T13:35:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Liege Luydimila Silva Vieira - 2014.pdf: 1756108 bytes, checksum: c878f68e0f1024a3c1fbc06295c009db (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-09-11T11:03:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Liege Luydimila Silva Vieira - 2014.pdf: 1756108 bytes, checksum: c878f68e0f1024a3c1fbc06295c009db (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T11:03:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Liege Luydimila Silva Vieira - 2014.pdf: 1756108 bytes, checksum: c878f68e0f1024a3c1fbc06295c009db (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-12 / Objective: to estimate the Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and the level of Anxiety in individuals that were submitted to percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), as well as variables associated with better HRQL and lower anxiety. Method: This was a cross-sectional study with individuals of age 18 to 81 years old who underwent PTCA in 2012 at Goiânia, Goiás. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to assess the Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), which is composed of a physical (PC) and a mental component (MC), each with four domains. Anxiety symptoms were assessed by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI); other variables obtained through a sociodemographic questionnaire. The association between sociodemographic variables and outcomes (quality of life and level of anxiety) was estimated by univariate analysis using the t test or ANOVA. P values <0.015 were considered statistically significant and included in the multivariate linear regression model. Results: 169 patients were included, the majority was male (61.0%) and the average age was 65.3 years (sd ±10.2). The highest scores of HRQL were observed on the physical domain of SF-36. The following variables were independently associated with better HRQoL on the physical domain: male gender, higher education, elective angioplasty, working and living with partner; mental domain: work, religious practice, private health insurance and living with partner. The lowest anxiety level was independently associated with two variables: male and have private health insurance. Conclusion: The evidences of this study suggest that better HRQoL in adults and elderly that were submitted to PTCA may be associated to professional activity, gender, age, education level type of PTCA realized. / Objetivo: Analisar a qualidade de vida e o nível de ansiedade em indivíduos submetidos à angioplastia coronariana e fatores relacionados. Método: Foi realizado estudo de corte transversal com indivíduos de 18 a 81 anos submetidos a AC em 2012 no município de Goiânia, Goiás. Para avaliar a Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (QVRS) foi utilizado o Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-form Health Survey (SF-36), composto por dois componentes: físico (CF) e mental (CM), cada um com quatro domínios. Os sintomas de ansiedade foram avaliados pelo Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI) e, aplicado questionário com dados sociodemográficos. A associação entre as variáveis sóciodemográficas e os desfechos (qualidade de vida e nível de ansiedade) foi estimada através análise univariada por meio do teste t ou ANOVA. Valores de p<0,015 foram considerados estatisticamente significantes e incluídos no modelo de regressão linear multivariada. Resultados: Foram incluídos 169 pacientes, a maioria do sexo masculino (61,0%) e a média da idade foi de 65,3 anos (SD ± 10,2). Os melhores escores de Qualidade de Vida foram observados no componente físico do SF-36. As seguintes variáveis estiveram independentemente associadas com melhor Qualidade de Vida no domínio físico: sexo masculino, maior escolaridade, angioplastia eletiva, trabalhar e morar com parceiro; no domínio mental: trabalhar, prática religiosa, plano de saúde privado e morar com o parceiro. A menor intensidade da ansiedade esteve independentemente associada com duas variáveis: sexo masculino e ter planos de saúde privado. Conclusão: As evidências deste estudo sugerem que a melhor QVRS em indivíduos adultos e idosos que se submeteram à angioplastia coronariana pode estar associada à atividade profissional, gênero, idade, escolaridade e tipo de angioplastia realizada.

IntroduÃÃo: A prevenÃÃo da nefropatia induzida por contraste (NIC) à difÃcil nas situaÃÃes de emergÃncia tornando essenciais estudos sobre NIC em pacientes submetidos à angioplastia de urgÃncia. Objetivo: Determinar a incidÃncia e fatores associados à NIC em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocÃrdio (IAM) submetidos à angioplastia nas primeiras 12 horas apÃs inÃcio dos sintomas. MÃtodos: Foram estudados 201 casos consecutivos de IAM com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST com menos de 12 horas de evoluÃÃo. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos ao mesmo protocolo de angioplastia. A NIC foi definida como elevaÃÃo absoluta da creatinina de pelo menos 0,5 mg/dL e/ou aumento relativo da creatinina de 25% em relaÃÃo ao valor basal no perÃodo entre 48 e 72 horas apÃs a administraÃÃo do contraste. As variÃveis que diferiram entre os pacientes com e sem NIC na anÃlise univariada foram analisadas por regressÃo logÃstica. Resultados: A amostra foi formada por 135 (67,2%) homens e 66 (32,8%) mulheres com idade mÃdia de 66,6  11,7 anos. A incidÃncia de NIC foi de 23,8%. Na anÃlise univariada os pacientes com NIC eram mais idosos e com maior frequÃncia de fraÃÃo de ejeÃÃo do ventrÃculo esquerdo ≤ 40% e da classificaÃÃo Killip ≥ 2. Na anÃlise multivariada nÃo foram encontrados preditores independentes de NIC. ConclusÃo: A NIC acomete  dos pacientes com IAM submetidos à angioplastia sem variÃveis preditoras. Esse resultado ressalta a necessidade de medidas preventivas para NIC apÃs uso de contraste em angioplastia de urgÃncia. / Introduction: The prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is difficult in emergency situations, making it essential to study CIN in patients submitted to urgent angioplasty. Objective: To determine the incidence and associated factors to CIN in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) submitted to primary angioplasty in the first 12 hours after onset of symptoms. Methods: We studied 201 consecutive cases of MI with ST-segment elevation with less than 12 hours of evolution. All patients were submitted to the same angioplasty protocol. CIN was defined as an absolute increase of creatinine of at least 0.5 mg/dL and/or a relative increase of creatinine of 25% in relation to baseline in a period between 48 and 72 hours after contrast administration. The variables that differed between patients with and without CIN in univariate analysis were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: The sample was formed by 135 (67.2%) men and 66 (32.8%) women, with mean age of 66.6  11.7 years. The incidence of CIN was 23.8%. In univariate analysis the patients with CIN were older and had higher frequency of left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40% and Killip classification ≥ 2. In multivariate analysis, we did not find independent predictors of CIN. Conclusion: CIN occurred in  of the patients with MI submitted to angioplasty without predictor variables. This finding highlights the need for CIN preventive measures after contrast use in emergency angioplasty.

Introdução: Embora os benefícios clínicos das intervenções coronarianas pareçam confirmados, seus efeitos na qualidade de vida (QV) ainda são pouco estudados. O presente estudo justifica-se pela escassez de trabalhos publicados que tenham avaliado a QV de pessoas com Doença Arterial Coronariana (DAC) submetidas a qualquer um dos três tipos de tratamento disponíveis no seguimento de 10 anos. Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar a QV nos pacientes com doença multiarterial coronariana, submetidos à revascularização cirúrgica do miocárdio (RCM), angioplastia (ATC) ou tratamento clínico (TM), de modo prospectivo e randomizado no segmento de 10 anos. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, cujos dados foram obtidos do banco de dados do protocolo MASS II (\"The Medicine, Angioplasty or Surgery Study\") composto por 611 pacientes randomizados para um dos três tratamentos possíveis para a DAC. Para este estudo, 334 participantes foram analisados e responderam aos questionários aplicados no início do estudo, 6 meses após a inclusão e, anualmente, até completarem 10 anos de seguimento e que foram capazes de responder. A QV foi avaliada por meio do Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF- 36). A análise estatística descritiva foi realizada pelo Qui-quadrado para variáveis categóricas; para variáveis independentes, o teste t de Student e para variáveis contínuas, a Análise de Variância (ANOVA). As médias de QV dos grupos, pela variável tempo, foram obtidas pela aplicação da ANOVA de medidas repetidas e comparações múltiplas. Resultados: 148 pacientes (47,3%) foram vitimados de IAM, 97 (25,9%) foram submetidos à RCM ou ATC; 16 (4,8%) sofreram acidente vascular cerebral e 293 (87%) referiram angina. No início do estudo, os pacientes do grupo de RCM apresentaram a pior condição no componente físico em relação ao ATC ou TM. Todas as três estratégias de tratamento alcançaram melhora significativa em todas as dimensões (P < 0,001). Tratamento médico: neste grupo, encontrou-se melhora no componente mental, em 83,7% dos pacientes, e 16,3% tiveram piora desta condição. Em relação ao componente físico, 84,7% e 15,3% alcançaram resultados de melhora ou piora em sua condição, respectivamente. Cirurgia: Em relação ao componente mental, 85,4% e 14,6% alcançaram resultados de melhora ou piora em sua condição, respectivamente. Em relação ao componente físico, 92,7% e 7,3% alcançaram resultados de melhora ou piora em sua condição, respectivamente. Angioplastia: Neste grupo, o componente mental melhorou em 77,8%; e 22,2% tiveram piora dessa condição. Em relação ao componente físico, 73,0% e 27,0% alcançaram resultados de melhora ou piora em sua condição, respectivamente. Comparando-se os grupos de tratamento em relação ao componente físico no início do estudo, houve diferença significativa entre os grupos de tratamento (P < 0,001). Todavia, quando se analisou o seguimento para 5 e 10 anos, não se encontrou diferença significativa entre as três opções terapêuticas. No componente mental, avaliado nos três momentos de investigação não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos de tratamento. Conclusão: A melhoria da percepção da QV foi observada em todas as dimensões e nas três formas de tratamento em 5 anos e que persistiram durante os 10 anos. Estratégias de intervenção não alcançaram melhores resultados de qualidade de vida do que TM isoladamente / Background: Although clinical benefits of coronary interventions have been confirmed, their effects on quality of life (QOL) are still less studied. This study is justified by the scarcity of studies that have evaluated the QOL of patients with CAD undergoing one of three types of treatment available along 10 years of follow-up. Objective: To evaluate and compare the QOL in patients with multivessel coronary disease randomized to undergo coronary artery bypass surgery, angioplasty or medical treatment, and followed during 10 years. Methods: A prospective study whose data were obtained from the database of the protocol MASS II (\"The Medicine, Angioplasty or Surgery Study\") consisting of 611 patients randomized to one of three available treatments for Coronary Artery Disease. For this study, we analyzed 334 participants who completed the questionnaire of QOL since the beginning of the study and annually, until they reach 10 years of follow-up. The QOL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). We performed descriptive statistics, chi-square test for categorical variables and the independent sample t test. Mean quality of life for the time variable groups were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures and multiple comparisons. Results: 148 patients (47.3%) had AMI, 97 (25.9%) underwent CABG or PCI, 16 (4.8%) suffered stroke and 293 (87%) reported angina along the 10 years of follow up. At baseline, patients in the CABG group had the worst condition in the physical component compared to PCI or MT. All three treatments strategies have achieved a significant improvement in all dimensions of QoL (P < 0.001). Medical Treatment: In this group, there was improvement in the mental component in 83.7% of patients, while 16.3% had worsening of this condition. Regarding the physical component, 84.7% and 15.3% had their condition improved and worsened, respectively. Surgery: For the mental component, 85.4% and 14.6% achieved improvement and worsening in their condition, respectively. Regarding the physical component, 92.7% and 7.3% had their condition improved and worsened, respectively. Angioplasty: In this group, the mental component improved by 77.8%, while 22.2% had worsening of this condition. Regarding the physical component, 73.0% and 27.0% had their condition improved and worsened, respectively. Comparing the treatment groups with respect to physical component at baseline, there was significant difference among the treatment groups (P < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found at 5 and 10 years of follow up among them. On the other hand, in respect to mental component, no statistically significant difference was found among the treatment groups in all time point of the study. Conclusion: Improving the perception of QoL was observed in all dimensions and in all three forms of treatment after five years and has persisted up 10 years of follow up. Intervention strategies have not achieved better results in quality of life than TM alone

FUNDAMENTOS: Na prática clínica uma questão importante no manuseio da doença aterosclerótica coronária (DAC) é definir quais lesões estão associadas com isquemia coronária e que devem ser tratadas. Por outro lado, o valor da medida do fluxo fracionado de reserva do miocárdio (FFR) na avaliação da DAC está muito bem estabelecido. O FFR é capaz de definir as lesões que realmente merecem tratamento. No entanto, algumas vezes, a seleção das lesões que devem ser tratadas é feita baseada em critérios angiográficos. O principal objetivo desse estudo é avaliar a percentagem de mudança na estratégia terapêutica inicialmente planejada, após a medida do FFR, em todas as intervenções percutâneas (ICP) eletivas realizadas em nosso Serviço durante um período contínuo de tempo. MÉTODOS: Todos os pacientes agendados para ICP eletivas de Outubro de 2004 a Abril de 2005 foram incluídos no estudo exceto aqueles com oclusão crônica. Duzentos e cinqüenta pacientes e 471 vasos com pelo menos uma lesão &#8805; 50% pela estimativa visual com indicação de implante de stent foram avaliados medindo-se o FFR. Antes da PCI 3 cardiologistas reviam o angiograma e classificavam as lesões em 2 categorias, lesões que deveriam ser tratadas e lesões que não deveriam ser. Após a medida do FFR a decisão sobre o tratamento da estenose em questão foi baseada no valor do mesmo: FFR &#8805; 0,75 a lesão não era tratada; FFR < 0,75 a lesão era tratada. RESULTADOS: Foi possível obter o FFR em 452 lesões (96%). O diâmetro de estenose médio foi de 62 ± 12% e o FFR médio foi 0,67 ± 0,17. Em 68% das lesões a estratégia planejada de acordo com a angiografia foi seguida e em 32% houve mudança de estratégia com base no FFR. Em 100 estenoses (22%) nenhuma ICP foi realizada e em 44 estenoses (10%) algum tipo de revascularização foi feita apesar da lesão não ter sido considerada significativa pela angiografia. Em 48% dos pacientes houve pelo menos 1 estenose na qual a decisão terapêutica foi mudada após a avaliação fisiológica invasiva. CONCLUSÕES: Neste estudo prospectivo, não seletivo e que representa o mundo real das ICP, 32% das lesões coronárias e 48% dos pacientes teriam recebido tratamento diferente se somente a estimativa visual da angiografia fosse seguida, enfatizando a utilidade da avaliação fisiológica invasiva como uma importante ferramenta auxiliar nas tomadas de decisão durante as intervenções percutâneas. / BACKGROUND: In complex and multivessel coronary artery disease, it is often difficult to assess which lesions are associated with reversible ischemia and should be stented. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is a well established methodology to indicate which lesions are culprit or not. Yet, frequently the selection of lesions to be stented is based on the angiogram alone. The main aim of this study in patients admitted for elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was to evaluate the percentage of change in the initial therapeutic plan if decision is based on FFR measurement rather than on angiographic assessment. METHODS: All patients scheduled for elective PCI between October 2004 and April 2005 were included in the study except those with chronic total occlusion. Two hundred and fifty patients and 471 arteries with a stenosis &#8805; 50% by visual estimation and initially selected to be stented were assessed by FFR measurements. Before PCI, 3 cardiologists independently reviewed the diagnostic angiogram and classified lesions as those that should be treated by PCI by visual assessment and those that should not be treated. Next, the decision to stent was based upon FFR measurement. If FFR was < 0.75, actual stenting was performed; if FFR was &#8805; 0.75, no interventional treatment was given. RESULTS: It was possible to perform optimal pressure measurements and FFR determinations in 452 (96%) lesions. Mean diameter stenosis was 62 ± 12% and average FFR 0.67 ± 0.17 for the entire group. In 68% of the stenoses initial therapeutic strategy as assessed from the angiogram was followed and in 32% there was a change in the planned approach based on FFR. In 100 stenoses (22%) PCI planned on the basis of angiography was deferred, and in 44 stenoses (10%) revascularization was performed although such stenosis was not considered as ischemia-related on the angiogram. In 48% of the patients there was at least one lesion in which the treatment decision was changed after physiologic measurements. CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective, non-selective, but complete study representing the real world of PCI, 32% of the coronary stenoses and 48% of patients would have received a different treatment if solely the visual assessment by angiography was followed, stressing the utility of physiologic assessment in refining decision making during PCI.