The software is a key differentiator and driver of innovation in the automotive industry. The major challenges for software development are increasing in complexity, shorter time-to-market, increase in development cost and demand of quality assurance. The complexity is increasing due to emission legislations, variants of product and new communication technologies being interfaced with the vehicle. The shorter development time is due to competition in the market, which requires faster feedback loops of verification and validation of developed functionalities. The increase in development cost is contributed by two factors; the first is pre-launch cost, this involves the cost of error correction in development stages. Another is post-launch cost; this involves warranty and guarantees cost. As the development time passes the cost of error correction also increases. Hence it is important to detect the error as early as possible. All these factors affect the software quality; there are several cases where Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) have callbacks their product because of the quality defect. Hence, there is increased in the requirement of software quality assurance. The solution for these software challenges can be the early quality evaluation in continuous integration framework environment. The most prominent in today\'s automotive industry AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture (AUTOSAR) reference architecture is used to describe software component and interfaces. AUTOSAR provides the standardised software component architecture elements. It was created to address the issues of growing complexity; the existing AUTOSAR environment does have software quality measures, such as schema validations and protocols for acceptance tests. However, it lacks the quality specification for non-functional qualities such as maintainability, modularity, etc. The tool is required which will evaluate the AUTOSAR based software architecture and give the objective feedback regarding quality. This thesis aims to provide the quality measurement tool, which will be used for evaluation of AUTOSAR based software architecture. The tool reads the AUTOSAR architecture information from AUTOSAR Extensible Markup Language (ARXML) file. The tool provides configuration ability, continuous evaluation and objective feedback regarding software quality characteristics. The tool was utilised on transmission control project, and results are validated by industry experts.

Existem muitos estudos e publicações focadas no planejamento e desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Porém, o mesmo não é notado em estudos relativos à implantação destes novos produtos e seus processos na área de manufatura. Para tal, é desenvolvido neste trabalho um modelo de referência consistente para a implantação de novos processos de montagem no setor automotivo. O citado modelo contém a descrição das etapas, as verificações de qualidade, as ações e as necessárias validações do produto produzido no processo de produção em série. O teste da consistência e relevância dessa metodologia ocorre por meio da aplicação do modelo proposto, no desenvolvimento de um processo da montagem de componentes na montagem final. Para a sua avaliação, compararam-se os indicadores de um processo existente em dois momentos: um primeiro, com o processo desenvolvido utilizando-se o método tradicional, e em segundo, com o desenvolvimento e implantação deste mesmo processo, utilizando-se o método proposto de desenvolvimento do processo produtivo, somado a uma avaliação qualitativa do modelo de referência, por meio de uma pesquisa, com especialistas reconhecidos do meio automotivo, validando-se assim o modelo proposto. / Currently, there are many studies and publications focused on the planning and development of new products. However, the same is not noted in studies related to the implementation of these new products and their processes in manufacturing area. For this, a consistent reference model is developed for implementation of new assembly processes in the automotive sector. This model contains a description of steps, quality checks, actions and validations required by the product manufactured in the serial production process. The test of consistency and relevance of this methodology occurs through the application of the proposed model, in the development of a process of component assembly in the final assembly. For its evaluation, the indicators of an existing process were compared in two time points: with the process developed using the traditional method, and secondly, with the development and implementation of this same process, using the proposed development method of the production process. This occurred alongside a qualitative evaluation of the reference model through a survey with recognized experts of the automotive environment, thus validating the proposed model.

This diploma thesis summarizes basic findings about issues of making development samples of PCB. The emphasis is especially on required quality which complies with mentioned norms. The theoretical section includes methodology for evaluating quality dismounted boards, assembling and soldering, parameters of components under different environmental circumstances. The practical part is carried out in cooperation with the department EEG in R&D Automotive Lighting Jihlava. It is dedicated to the design and the preparation of development samples where the quality is assessed according to given methodology from the theoretical part. PCB are analyzed by an X-ray, metallographic grinding and other methods. Recommendations are given and based on results for improvements.

This diploma thesis is focused on the design of a robotic workstation for laser marking of aluminium hinges for the automotive industry. Robots remove wheel hinges from palettes at the end of a preassembly line, mark them a sort them. At first, selected marking technologies used in the automotive industry are introduced. Afterwards, a few robot and process simulation software are described. Subsequently, several layout variants are created as viable options for process handling and the chosen variant is designed in detail. Using RobotStudio software, a simulation of the robotic marking cell is made for process verification. Finally, a technical - economic evaluation is performed.

<p>Composite materials have become widely used for high-performance applications, particularly in the aerospace industry where annual production volumes are low and a higher part cost can be supported. During the last decades composite materials are beginning to see use in a broader range of applications, including the automotive and sports equipment industries. Simultaneously, there is increasing demand from consumers and regulatory bodies to make cars more fuel efficient and in the case of EV’s longer drive range, which can be accomplished by reducing vehicle weight. Composite materials have high specific stiffnesses and strengths, resulting in weight savings when they are used to replace traditionally metal components. However, in order for widespread adoption of composite parts to be viable for the automotive industry, high-rate manufacturing must be realized to reach the required production volumes and part costs.</p> <p>Toward this goal, advanced composite manufacturing techniques have been developed. These techniques typically combine high automation with careful material selection, which can include fast-curing resins and thermoplastics with adapted melt viscosities and thermomechanical properties. They also allow for complex part geometries to be produced in a single step, reducing the need for additional assembly time. Further, they can be used to easily create multi-material components, which can result in parts that benefit from the desirable mechanical properties of the constituent materials without sacrificing performance.</p> <p>This thesis develops a framework for the design and high-rate manufacture of multi-material components. First, a critical literature review is conducted to develop a clear understanding of existing research into combinations of dissimilar materials, including epoxy/polyamide, thermoplastic elastomer/polyamide, and aluminum/thermoplastic. It is shown that, for all material combinations studied, interfacial delamination and subsequent deformation are the primary energy absorption mechanisms and that manufacturing conditions may affect interfacial bond strength. Based on this foundation, adhesion testing is performed on devoted sample configurations fabricated under controlled molding conditions. For these material combinations, interfacial adhesion can be significantly improved with carefully selected processing temperatures, even to the extent that adhesive bond between dissimilar materials can be stronger than the cohesive bond in the constituent materials. Next, impact and quasi-static indentation testing were performed to determine the effects of interfacial adhesion and part design on crash performance. The materials tested all benefit from the placement of a more ductile material on the impacted side of the sample (top surface), indicating a more favorable dissipation of the contact stresses from the impactor, and a higher strength material on the bottom surface where it can withstand tensile stresses imposed by impact-induced bending. </p> <p> Finally, a complex part consisting of a unidirectional polyamide/carbon fiber preform and a thermoplastic overmold is manufactured via a hybrid overmolding process. Interfacial temperature during overmolding is varied to confirm if the same improvements in interfacial bond strength seen in the compression molding test samples are attainable under realistic high-rate manufacture conditions. Additionally, the preform volume is varied to examine the effect of the preform reinforcement on a part’s bending performance. For this system, varying the preform temperature had no effect on interfacial bond strength. A predictive technical cost model is also used to determine the effect of manufacturing changes on part costs. Increasing the tow volume three-fold increased the absorbed energy by more than 30% and requires an increased cost of only 3.8%. </p> <p>This thesis proves that a tough, multi-material part can be rapidly produced via hybrid overmolding. It was demonstrated that a complex shaped part could be produced at a complete line cycle time of approximately 90 secondsmaking it a viable method to produce high-performance, low-cost components. </p>

En la actualidad, los importadores y comercializadores de vehículos livianos nuevos en el Perú tienden a centralizar y tercerizar sus necesidades de logística automotriz (almacenamiento, pdi y distribución), pero la oferta actual es deficiente, tal como se comprueba en la encuesta realizada. Esto representa una oportunidad, considerando que se espera un crecimiento sostenido del nivel de ventas de vehículos nuevos en nuestro país (68% acumulado del 2018 al 2027), según proyecciones de la Asociación Automotriz del Perú (AAP). MAQUINARIAS S.A., es una empresa reconocida en el sector automotriz peruano, ya que cuenta con más de 60 años, y actualmente atraviesa una etapa de cambios, lo cual hace que cuente con capacidad instalada disponible (almacén, infraestructura y equipos). El presente proyecto (2020-2029), propone la creación de una propuesta de valor diferenciada y centrada en: la ubicación del almacén y la reputación de la empresa, definiendo estrategias de penetración de mercado, con el objetivo de posicionar esta nueva línea de negocio y alcanzar como mínimo el nivel de ocupación proyectado (empezando con 25% en el primer año y con un crecimiento de 10% anual). La inversión inicial es S/ 2’639,468.03, (60% capital social - S/ 1’583,680.82) y (40% financiamiento - S/ 1’055,787.21), determinando un WACC de 11.12%, por lo que luego de la evaluación económico-financiera se obtiene un VAN positivo, una TIRM mayor al WACC y un periodo de recuperación dentro del periodo de análisis. Por tanto, se concluye que el proyecto es viable, por lo que se recomienda su implementación. / Currently, importers and dealers of new light vehicles in Peru tend to centralize and outsource their automotive logistics needs (storage, pdi and distribution), but the current supply is poor, as verified in the survey. This represents an opportunity, considering that a sustained growth in the level of sales of new vehicles in our country is expected (68% accumulated from 2018 to 2027), according to projections of the Asociación Automotriz del Perú (AAP). MAQUINARIAS S.A., is a recognized company in the peruvian automotive sector, since it has more than 60 years, and is currently going through a stage of changes, which makes it have available installed capacity (warehouse, infrastructure and equipment). The present project (2020-2029), proposes the creation of a differentiated value proposal focused on: the location of the warehouse and the reputation of the company, defining market penetration strategies, with the aim of positioning this new line of business and reach at least the projected occupancy level (starting with 25% in the first year and with an annual growth of 10%). The initial investment is S / 2'639,468.03, (60% share capital - S / 1'583,680.82) and (40% financing - S / 1'055,787.21), determining a WACC of 11.12%, so after the economic-financial evaluation, a positive NPV is obtained, a TIRM greater than the WACC and a payback period within the analysis period. Therefore, it is concluded that the project is viable, so its implementation is recommended. / Trabajo de investigación

No description available.

Die Schaffung, Wahrung und Nutzung von Wissen stellt heute eine wichtige Säule für die Konkurrenzfähigkeit von Unternehmen am Markt dar. Vor diesem Hintergrund steht insbesondere die moderne Funktionsentwicklung der Automobilindustrie vor der Herausforderung immer neue, hochgradig vernetzte Fahrzeugfunktionen zu entwickeln und in immer kürzerer Zeit und immer geringeren Kosten in den Markt zu bringen. Um dieser Herausforderung gerecht zu werden, hat sich die modellbasierte Entwicklung mit dem Ziel der Beherrschung dieser steigenden Komplexität etabliert. Dadurch ist es möglich die Entwicklungsaufgaben auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen zu abstrahieren und eine verteilte, vernetzte Entwicklung zu realisieren. Die Entwicklung einer einzigen Funktion benötigt heute häufig mehrere hundert Personen, die in einen gemeinsamen Entwicklungsprozess integriert werden müssen. Hier fehlt es an Konzepten um den Informations- und Wissensfluss zwischen den Prozessbeteiligten sicherzustellen. In diesem Kontext entwickelt die vorliegende Arbeit einen Ansatz zur prozessintegrierten Dokumentation der in modellbasierten Entwicklungsprozessen benötigten Entwicklungsartefakte. Der Ansatz betrachtet dabei den vollständigen Informationsfluss, von der Definition benötigter Informationen, über deren automatisierte Erfassung und Verarbeitung bis zur zielgerichteten Wiederverwendung. Anschließend skizziert die Arbeit die Architektur eines Informationssystems, dass diese Durchgängigkeit in beliebigen, modellbasierten Entwicklungsprozessen ermöglicht und überträgt diese zur Validierung des Ansatzes auf einen konkreten Entwicklungsprozess der automobilen Funktionsentwicklung. Der Fokus des Ansatzes liegt dabei insbesondere auf der Integration in bestehende Entwicklungsprozesse, ohne in diese verändernd einzugreifen. Dies wird einerseits durch eine modellbasierte Beschreibung des Informationsmodells, mit Methoden wie sie im Funktionsentwicklungsprozess Anwendung finden, erreicht. Prozessbeteiligte können dadurch das Informationsmodell selbst verstehen und bei Bedarf Anpassungen vornehmen, ohne auf geschulte Experten angewiesen zu sein. Andererseits erlaubt der architektonische Ansatz einen direkten Zugriff auf bestehende Entwicklungssysteme und darin enthaltenen dokumentationsrelevanten Informationen. / Today, the creation, preservation and exploitation of knowledge represent key factors of the competitiveness of companies in the global market. In this context, the modern function development in the automotive industry faces challenges to bring new, highly interconnected vehicle functions at shorter time and lower cost to the market. To meet these challenges and manage the growing compelity, a model-based development process has been established. Thus, it is possible to distribute development tasks to different levels of abstraction and enable a distributed, interconnected function development.This development involves up to several hundred persons per function, who have to be integrated in a common development process. Especially when it comes to managing the information and knowledge flow between the process participants, there is a lack of concepts to support this communication. Based on this context, this work presents an approach for process integrated documentation of the necessary development artifacts in model-based development processes. This approach considers the complete information flow, from the definition of necessary information, over automatic acquisition and processing to its targeted reuse during the process. Subsequently, this work sketches the architecture of an information system, which enables this continuous approach to be applied to any model-based development process. For validation purposes, the approach is then applied to an actual development process of the automotive function development. The focus of the presented approach lies in the integration in existing development processes without changing them. On the one hand, this is achieved by applying a model-based description of the information model using methods, that can be found in the function development process today. Thus, process participants can understand the information model themselves and apply changes when they are required without the necessity of qualified experts. On the other hand, the architectural approach allows a direct access to existing development systems and documentation relevant information they contain.

The presence of electrical and electronic circuits in commercial trucks has increased at a very fast rate during recent decades. With advancements in embedded systems and the introduction of electric controls in the automotive industry, the design of complex electric systems for the vehicles has become one of the major design challenges. In the commercial truck industry, the development cycles are almost a decade long. Therefore, it is a big challenge to introduce a new architecture to accommodate the modern automotive technologies in the upcoming generation of trucks. Currently, the commercial truck industry relies highly on a federated electrical/electronic (E/E) architecture. In this architecture, Electronic Control Units (ECU) are responsible for computation and Input/Output operations. These ECUs are clustered into different domains based on their respective functions. However, these domains are not isolated from each other. These modules communicate with each other using a vehicular network, which is typically a controller area network in the current trucks. In the automotive industry, automation is increasing at a fast pace. As the level of automation increases, the need for high computation also increases, which increases the overall costs. This study aims to address this problem by introducing an integrated E/E architecture where all the computational power is concentrated at one place (or perhaps two or three places to allow for redundancy). This study proposes to introduce a lowcost replacement for the current ECUs with more limited computational power but with generic input/output interfaces. This thesis provides the reader with some background of the current E/E architecture of commercial trucks and introduces the reader to ECUs. Additionally, the relevant network architectures and protocols are explained. A potential solution, based upon the centralized computation based E/E architecture and its implementation are discussed followed by a detailed analysis of the replacements for ECUs. The result of this analysis, if adopted, should result in a reduction of manufacturing and design costs, as well as make the production and maintenance process easier. Moreover, this should also have environmental benefits by reducing fuel consumption. / Förekomsten av elektronik och elektriska kretsar I kommersiella lastbilar has ökat i en väldigt snabb takt under de senaste decennierna. Med framsteg inom inbyggda system och introduktionen av elektroniska styrsystem i fordonsindustrin så har komplexa elektroniska system blivit en av de största designutmaningarna. I den kommersiella lastbilsindustrin där utvecklingscyklerna är nästan ett decennium, är det en stor utmaning att introducera ny arkitektur som tillgodoser all den nya teknologin som införlivas i fordonet. För närvarande så förlitar sig den kommersiella lastbilsindustrin mycket på en federated elektrisk/elektronisk (E/E) arkitektur. I denna arkitektur är elektroniska styrenheter (ECU) ansvariga för beräkningar och I/O (Input/Output) operationer. Dessa ECU:er är samlade i olika domäner baserade på dess funktioner. Domänerna är dock inte isolerade från varandra. De här modulerna kommunicerar därför med varandra med hjälp av ett fordonsnätverk, typiskt en CAN (Controller Area Network) i nuvarande lastbilar. I fordonsindustrin ökar automatiseringen i en snabb fart. I takt med att automatiseringen ökar så ökar även behovet av snabba och energiintensiva beräkningar, vilket i sin tur ökar den totala kostnaden. Denna studie har som mål att adressera det här problemet genom att introducera en integrated E/E arkitektur där all beräkningskraft är koncentrerad till en plats (eller två eller tre platser för att tillåta överskott). Den här studien föreslår att introducera en ersättning av nuvarande ECU:er till en låg kostnad, med lägre beräkningskraft och generiska I/O gränssnitt. Studien föreslår också ersättningar av nuvarande fordonsnätverk. Den här uppsatsen förser läsaren med viss bakgrund till den nuvarande E/E arkitekturen för kommersiella lastbilar och introducerar läsaren till ECU:er. Dessutom förklaras de relevanta nätverksarkitekturerna och protokollen. En potentiell lösning som baseras på den integrated E/E arkitekturen och dess implementering diskuteras med fokus på en detaljerad analys av ersättningarna till ECU:er. Resultatet av den här analysen skulle, om den adopteras, medföra minskning av tillverknings- och designkostnader samt leda till en förenkling av produktion och underhåll. Utöver det så bör det även ha miljöfördelar genom minskad bränsleförbrukning.

[pt] Racionalizar processos produtivos para conceber produtos que atendam plenamente às expectativas e anseios do consumidor, mas em paralelo buscar produzir veículos com custos aceitáveis e competitivos de forma a permitir a competitividade da sua organização têm sido um grande desafio da indústria automobilística ao longo de sua história. Nos últimos anos surgiram dois estudos que buscaram melhorar os resultados esperados, analisando a questão da produção sob encomenda na indústria automobilística: O 3DayCar e o Intelligent Logistics for Innovative Product Technologies (ILIPT). O 3DayCar enfocou em sua análise a indústria inglesa, enquanto que o ILIPT enfoca a indústria européia. O presente trabalho apresentará os processos de produção de veículos ao longo de sua história e levantará aspectos básicos do funcionamento da cadeia de suprimentos. Para cada um deles, analisará a proposta do 3DayCar e os resultados desse projeto e apresentará a proposta do ILIPT sua concepção, perspectivas e primeiros resultados preliminares. Finalmente será feita uma análise da exeqüibilidade de emprego de ambos projetos na indústria automobilística brasileira. / [en] Creating smart productive processes in a way of obtaining products that fulfill costumer`s expectations and desires, but at the same time researching for the production of competitive vehicles with acceptable costs, has been a huge challenge for the automobilistic industry along its history. Most recently, two academic studies have tried to improve the expected results by analyzing the issue compaigns related to the build to order concept in the automobilistic industry. They are the 3DayCar and the Intelligent Logistics for Innovative Product Technologies (ILIPT). The 3DayCar focused the English industry, while the ILIPT focused the European Industry. The present thesis brings to knowledge the vehicle production processes in history and raises the basic aspects of the supply chain function for each phase of them, as well as the understanding of the purpose of the 3DayCar and the purpose, conception, perspectives and first results of the ILIPT. Finally, an analysis of the viability of using both projects at Brazilian Automotive Industry is made.