There has been a recent resurgence in interest in the study of personality types. This personality type research has focused on the uncovering of statistical types, rather than relying on rationally developed types. Using the method of cluster analysis, I investigated whether such statistical types could be uncovered and whether they correspond to the types described in previous analyses. The expected number of personality types was uncovered and, while these types resemblanced the personality types discussed in the literature, the patterns of scores for these types were not exactly as hypothesized.

The goal of this work is to provide a detailed description of the freezing mechanism in gold clusters. This is accomplished by using constrained Monte Carlo simulations combined with parallel tempering algorithms to evaluate the free energy barriers for various temperatures with respect to crystalline order parameters on a 456 atom cluster. <p>Our simulation results help us to challenge the usual assumption of classic nucleation theory where nucleation starts at the center of a cluster, showing instead that nucleation is favored by freezing started at the surface. We study simplistic phenomenological models for surface freezing and find that the three phase contact line free energy term must be included in order to properly describe the features of the free energy barriers. <p>Furthermore, we propose an alternative free energy parameter with which we are able to identify a kinetic spinodal temperature where the nucleation barrier disappears and find that the critical cluster size remains finite at the limit of stability of the fluid phase. This result is supported by Molecular Dynamics simulations.

The report is aimed to stress the support of start-up businesses that exists in the environment of cluster regions. The author will introduce the reader to the conceptions of cluster regions and different shapes of social capital. The empirical study is based on two specific networks operating in two cluster areas – contributing with a broader aspect of the conception of integration. The districts are the region of Gnosjö in southern Sweden and Silicon Valley in southern San Francisco, USA. The author explore relationships between actors within the two networks and highlight two different approaches the networks use dealing with different perspectives as supporting start-up businesses. She emphasizes the importance of nurturing relations in the regional environment, with stand in natural routines and informal meetings. This will be illustrated through examples of intimate interaction in Gnosjöandan and Silicon Valley, through a perspective of regional advantage, facing global markets. The analysis is based on theoretical support with foundation in several themes of conditions for a start-up business to establish on the market. With basis in theoretical frameworks and empirical facts the report has generated an interesting argumentation of critical conditions for establishment of start-up businesses. The discussion is based on different perspectives due to the dissimilar cases used in the study. Consequently, start-up conditions, generated in cluster atmospheres, are highlighted through three interesting aspects.

The Strategies of the firms in Patent are not only about the future, but also forming the barrier for competitor. For the sake, we should develop the patent strategies and technological position.This study goes to the discussion of technological position by the patent multivariate analysis, and suggest the patent strategy by the difference within and between the groups which were clustered from IC design companies. This study selects twenty gobal IC design companies,which are always on the top25 of the industry.In case1 ,we wonder figure out the technological postion and the path of technology shift.In case2,we can recognize the technological position as industrial position. In case 1, we got four clusters by cluster analysis.Cluster 1 is called SpecialistII,and cluster2 is called Strong Generalist, and cluster 3 is called Specialist I,and cluster 4 is called Weak Generalist. For further observation, the firms with technology shift will shift from cluster 1 to cluster 2 in the same direction.Others still maintain the same strategies in their clusters. In case 2 , we also got four clusters by the analysis. Cluster 1 is called Weak Generalist ,and cluster 2 is called Strong Generalist, and cluster 3 is called Specialist I,and cluster 4 is called Specialist III.As financial results , we got homogeneity within a cluster except cluster 4. Performance between clusters, we made and observed the line chart of trend in the selected financial ratio and we used the median of samples within a cluster. In case 2,it seems heterogeneous in ROA and Price-to-book ratio in the chart.In case1,it is also heterogeneous in ROA and price-to-book ratio.It¡¦s significant and positively correlated in R&D productivity(GrossMargin-to-R&D ratio) between others by the correlation coefficient matrix.It seems to be the proxy to the other financial ratio.

In recent years, many construct wetlands in Taiwan have been built for the purposes of wastewater treatment, river water purification, and ecology conservation. To evaluate the effectiveness of constructed wetlands on water purification, frequent water quality monitoring is needed. In this study, the multivariate statistical analysis was applied to evaluate the contaminant removal efficiency in a constructed wetland, and the time series method was then used to predict the trend of the indicative pollutant concentration in the wetland. Multivariate statistical analysis simplifies the original data into representative factors, or hive off the similarity between data to cluster, and then identify clustering outcomes. In this study, an artificial wetlands at the site around an old bridge locates at the Kaoping River Basin was used as the study site. The statistical software SPSS 12.0 was used to perform the multivariate statistical analysis to evaluate water quality characteristics of its. Results from this study show that the removal efficiency for the total coliforms (TC) of System A and B was 98%, 55% for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 53% for chemical Oxygen demand (COD), 55% for ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and 39% for total nitrogen (TN). Moreover, suspended solids (SS) couldn¡¦t be removed in both A and B systems. The box-and-whisker plot indicates that the water quality of inflow was unstable and variable; however, outflow was turning stable with its flow direction. The major pollutant indicators, except SS, were all in a decreasing tendency. The paired t-test shows p value of each item were lower than 0.05, except total phosphorus (TP) in System A, nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) in System B. The correlation parameters from TN, nitrogen oxides (NOx), NO3-N and nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N) and so on were all higher than 0.7. The factor analysis of SPSS shows that 17 water-quality items of the study site could obtain four to six principal components, including nitrate nutrition factor, phosphorus nutrition factor, eutrophication factor, organic factor, and environmental background factor, the major influencing components are nutrition factor and eutrophication factor. The ponds of the study site were classified into two or three clusters depend on in-and-out flow location. This study attempted to establish a forecasting model of wetland pollutants concentration through the time series (ARIMA), results show that the outcome of the B7 pond was better than others. Results indicate that the ARIMA model can be used to simulate the trend of treatment efficiency using the wetland system. Experience and results obtained from this study would provide solutions for water quality control.

With the rapid Internet development, E-auction is also popular in recent years. In E-auction, the rating is the most effective indicator that can provide a referral for buyer and seller. In addition, buyers can use rating mechanism as feedback to respond their satisfaction after they bought goods. In the other hand, the rating of seller could reflect his transaction history before. When the positive rating is more, which means satisfied and successful transaction is more also, and represents that seller¡¦s credit accumulation. This study uses innovation diffusion model to analyze the seller¡¦s growth trend of rating, critical mass of rating by real data, classify sellers that equal to cluster analysis and discuss further. The samples are the sellers who sell t-shirt in eBay from December 1 in 2010 to January 31 in 2011. We get 8,304 sellers¡¦ data, and pick 116 of them randomly as samples, which are fit in with our research requests. This research is to answer three research questions. The first research question is to verify that growth trend of rating could fit in with diffusion of innovation, then, to analyze and discuss the growing trend and the rating accumulation. That result does verify that rating accumulation fit in with diffusion of innovation, and growing trend fit in with S-shaped curve. Furthermore, rating raise at first if it is affected by external influence, like key searching, website payment advertisement. On the contrary, the rating increases quickly for some time that the seller has good reputation if the rating is affected by internal influence, like word of mouth. The second research question is to calculate the critical mass of rating by Bass model. The result shows that the rating accelerates when it reaches critical mass between 1129 and 1402, it represents the seller accumulates considerable sale amount and customer satisfaction, and also let potential buyers more confident and promote their willingness to purchase. In addition, it can represent the sellers have enough experience and can provide the better marketing strategies when the sellers¡¦ rating reaches critical mass of rating. The third research question is to divide the sellers by cluster analysis and investigate. The result shows the diverseness between the growth trend of rating, the critical mass of rating, product price, and buyer repeated purchase. This study can provide a referral for the novice sellers, and they can develop their marketing strategy base on their characteristics of product.

¡@¡@Because of recession of investment environment and deregulation of Mainland policies in Taiwan since the early 1990s, Taiwanese manufacturing industries were attracted with cheap production costs and regional development policies in Mainland China, led investment of Taiwanese manufacturing industries and export of Taiwan to Mainland China rose quickly. Since foreign investment policies had been changed, problems of labor shortages and rising wages got worse in Mainland China in recent years, led production advantages of Taiwanese manufacturing industries lost gradually. In order to look for supply chain process cheaply and effectively, Taiwanese manufacturing industries were developing toward localization and domestic market in Mainland China, led its¡¦ demands of Taiwanese supply chain reduced gradually. In order to increase importance of Taiwanese supply chain, Taiwan government should promote industrial restructuring and upgrading, and attract Taiwanese manufacturing industries establish R & D sectors about technology-intensive and knowledge-intensive in Taiwan. We can use advantages of logistics and channels about Taiwanese service industries, it will maintain and raise importance of Taiwanese supply chain by the high quality and high value-added part.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of sink and sensors. Sensors transmit data to sink through wireless network after collecting data. Because multi-hop routing and forwarding may be required on WSN, sensors closer to sink will consume more energy than other nodes due to hop-by-hop forwarding. In this Thesis, we propose pipelined forwarding for cluster-based WSN to solve these problems. First, we divide a WSN into several clusters such that the distance between sensors and sink is reduced and packet transmission delay can be decreased. However, since reducing the distance can increase the number of clusters significantly, multiple mobile sinks are embedded in the system to increase overall throughput. Second, we change the direction of pipelined forwarding to avoid from running out of energy of some sensors. We derive mathematical equations to analyze and validate the proposed scheme. From the analytical results, we prove that the proposed scheme can decrease packet transmission delay. The results also show that system throughput can be improved by increasing the length of pipeline and the number of mobile sinks. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme can increase energy throughput more efficiently than conventional non-pipelined forwarding scheme.

Knitting fabric industry is a particular branch with obviously industrial cluster in textile industry, having the sufficient resources of raw materials, the rapid mobility of productivity, the mature dyeing and finishing technologies, the extensive experience in international trade, though having the complicated process to the variable products, has developed a completed supply chain of its own. In which closely the composition of the medium or small or even micro enterprise to create the competitive strengths on the whole industry, brings up Taiwan being a major exporting country of knitting fabric worldwide. From the evolution of environment, of market demanding, of trading partners, and the future trends, thru the in-depth interviewing with the representative figures and the experts of the industry, government, academia, R&D, in this research to investigate & analyze their points of view and suggestions for the reference of the field. The research results show, at the supply end, Taiwan has become an ODM manufacturer but not just OEM maker. At the product end, the environment protection and carbon reducing are now strictly requiring on the manufacturing of functional and fashionable hi-tec products. At marketing end, the vertical consolidation among supply chains and the name brands retailers, traders, garment factories, fabric converters, up to yarn mills, the supply chain integrate and the strategic alliance to the new products developing to cause the big bigger, in quick response to the trends now a day the fast fashion and short life cycle with meager profits. To position on the innovational products to meet consumer¡¦s demands, create demanding to create profits.

With the progress of the times, the international financial market link is becoming more and more closely, while the probability of extreme events more and more high, if there are some indicators can be used as a prediction of the crash, as whether to sell the stocks, it can be very useful. The study process for the use of the Fama-French five-factor model, as well as the VaR model, with the cluster analysis method, and clustering for Taiwan 50 constituent stocks in accordance with the five-factor characteristics of the individual stocks, the similar nature of stock into the same group, the establishment of portfolio, the use of portfolio daily returns to calculate the the VaR, and observe the VaR spread before the crash, how the trend, and whether certain characteristics. Comparison of the cluster group for the predictive ability of the collapse events, as well as the relationship between risk factors and predictive ability. The results of VaR spread movements are often subject to fluctuations significantly change the situation before the crash occurs. By intense will be stable or from stable will be severe. Good predictive ability of the cluster, often its constituent stocks and the collapse of the reasons more closely the relationship. Financial stocks sensitive to the financial tsunami; Electronic stocks are subject to exchange rate affect.Overall, the group with the best predictive ability is more sensitive to momentum effects and investor sentiment indicators ,but non-sensitive to book-to-market factor.To use the Var spread as a predictor of reference,choosing to meet the aforementioned conditions of stocks to the portfolio is a nice way.