Det är viktigt med ett effektivt samarbete och en välfungerande kommunikation i dynamiska miljöer, till exempel vid släckningsarbetet av en brand. Bristande kommunikation i en sådan miljö skulle kunna få förödande konsekvenser. Denna uppsats bygger på material från studien ”Bridging Cultural Barriers to Collaborative Decision Making in On-Site Operations Coordination Centers”, där 32 svenskar samarbetade i olika lagkonstellationer med att släcka simulerade eldar i mikrovärlden C3Fire. Kommunikationsteorier visar på att personer samtalar med varandra efter en viss struktur; deras yttranden tenderar att komma i par, så kallade närhetspar. Denna studie syftade till att undersöka närhetspar i beställningssekvenser, i form av en beställning av vatten och/eller bränsle följd av en bekräftelse. Till sin hjälp hade försöksdeltagarna en datorskärm med en karta samt tillgång till ett e-postverktyg för att kommunicera inom laget. Varje person genomgick åtta spelomgångar, vilket resulterade i totalt 64 spelomgångar. De lag som lyckades släcka elden antogs ha större andel närhetspar i beställningssekvenserna, vilket innebar att de skulle bekräfta varandras beställningar mer kontinuerligt än de lag som inte lyckades släcka elden. För studiet av närhetsparen kategoriserades e-postmeddelandena från samtliga spelomgångar, för att se hur strukturen i kommunikationen såg ut. Resultatet visade på att något annat måste ha påverkat de medverkandes prestation, eftersom det inte fanns någon påtaglig skillnad i andelen närhetspar i beställningssekvenserna mellan de olika lagen. Det uppmärksammades att de inte bekräftade varandras beställningar endast genom e-postmeddelanden utan även genom direkta manipulationer. Anledningen till detta antas vara att alla lagmedlemmar blev presenterade samma information på sina datorskärmar, vilket frambringade en mer implicit kommunikation. / Efficient communication and cooperation is important in dynamic environments, for instance in fire-fighting teamwork. A lack of communication in this environment could cause devastating consequences. This Master’s thesis is based on material from ”Bridging Cultural Barriers to Collaborative Decision Making in On-Site Operations Coordination Centers”, a study where 32 Swedes collaborated in teams conducting fire-fighting exercises in the micro-world C3Fire. Communication theories propose that people talk with each other after a certain structure; their utterances tend to come in pairs, so-called adjacency pairs. The purpose of this study was to examine adjacency pairs in request sequences, in form of a request for water and/or fuel followed by a confirmation. The participants had access to a computer screen with a map together with an e-mail tool, to communicate within the team. Every person participated in eight rounds of the game, which resulted in 64 rounds of the game altogether. The teams who managed to extinguish the fire were assumed to have a larger amount of adjacency pairs in their request sequences than the teams who did not extinguish the fire. For the study of the adjacency pairs, the e-mails were categorized, to see what the structure of the communication looked like. The result showed that some other factor must have influenced the participants’ performance, since there was no obvious difference in the amount of the adjacency pairs in the request sequence between the teams. It was observed that the team members did not confirm each other’s requests just by sending e-mail, but also by direct manipulations. The reason for this is assumed to be that every member of the team was shown the same information on his computer screen, which gave rise to a more implicit communication.

The diploma thesis is focused on surfactants as compounds of fire fighting foams. Fire fighting foams have several characteristics including foaming, aquatic toxicity and biodegradability, which cause the environmental impact. This diploma thesis deals with the contamination of the soil by the large amount of the extinguishing water. The experimental part of the diploma thesis describes the determination of surfactants by the mobile analysis and the measurement of the methylene blue index.

The operational vehicle cabin design on the basis of T815-7 Tatra chassis shows possible way how the modern special category vehicle could look like. The design proposal corresponds with current factory production and at the same time brings new individual and unique look. The airport fire fighting special was worked up to be the most universal. The vehicle should fulfil the whole spectrum of the requirements which will be put on it. This diploma thesis solves the design as a complex. Therefore, the whole body was designed to show all the constraints and sequences.

The Methodology for inventory of contaminated sites (MIFO) is a method designed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency with an aim to facilitate agents and consultants during inventory of contaminated areas. It is structured into two stages, the first phase comprises oriented studies of the area while the second one consists of conceptual studies, such as field testing and analysis. After each phase the object is assigned a risk class that describes the degree of contamination and the risk associated with it. At Sundsvall-Timrå airport, the soil, surface- and groundwater at two fire drilling sites are contaminated with the anthropogenic substance PFOS, a former supplement in extinguishing foam. As a result of this, a number of environmental investigations have occurred over the past seven years which has led to a substantial amount of data in regards to the degree and dispersion of the contamination. However, prior to this date no risk classification according to MIFO phase 2 has been done. In order to appropriately remediate the site, it is essential that this step of the process is completed. Thus the County Administrative Board of Västernorrland in Sweden commissioned this thesis for the purpose of risk classifying Sundsvall-Timrå Airport. This was done by analysing the results from previous environmental investigations made by WSP Environmental and comparing them to the Swedish Geological Institute’s preliminary benchmark value for PFOS. The fact that Sundsvall-Timrå airport is situated in close approximation to a nature reserve and due to the high degree of contamination together with the substance distribution capabilities and high toxicity, the study resulted in the object being assigned risk class 1, very high risk. / Syftet med detta självständiga arbete var att på uppdrag av Länsstyrelsen i Västernorrland göra en MIFO fas 2 riskklassning av ett förorenat område vid Sundsvall-Timrå flygplats. MIFO (Metodik för inventering av förorenade områden) är en metodik framtagen av Naturvårdsverket med ändamålet att vägleda ombud och konsulter vid inventeringar av förorenade områden. Metoden är uppdelad i två steg, fas 1 och fas 2. Den första fasen involverar orienterade studier av området och den andra består av översiktliga studier, som till exempel fältundersökningar och analyser. Efter var fas tilldelas objektet en riskklass utifrån hur allvarlig föroreningssituationen bedöms vara. På Sundsvall-Timrå flygplats är marken, yt- och grundvattnet vid två brandövningsplatser förorenat med det antropogena ämnet PFOS som brukade ingå i släckskum. Som följd till detta har ett flertal miljötekniska mark- och grundvattenundersökningar gjorts i området under de senaste sju åren. Detta har lett till ett betydande underlag av data beträffande halt och spridning av föroreningen men fram tills nu har ingen fas 2 riskklassning av brandövningsplatserna med avseende på PFOS gjorts. Avsikten med arbetet var således att med hjälp av resultaten från tidigare miljötekniska undersökningar och SGIs preliminära riktvärden för PFOS, tilldela objektet en riskklass. Då Sundsvall-Timrå flygplats ligger intill Indalsälvens naturreservat, föroreningsnivån vid brandövningsplatserna anses vara mycket stor samt det faktum att PFOS har höga spridningsförutsättningar och toxicitet, resulterade studien i att området tilldelades riskklass 1, vilket innebär mycket stor risk.

內政部消防署「104年消防白皮書」統計2005年至2014年建築物火災中，以獨立住宅火災最多，工廠火災次之，但工廠火災所造成的損失及使用消防人力、消防車輛數，卻超乎一般建築物甚多，也造成了許多警消及民眾之傷亡，因此有必要將其獨立於建築物火災之外，進行相關之資料分析與研討。 新北市轄區幅員廣闊，以人口數或工廠家數，都是全台灣最多，具有主要交通、消費市場及生產製造多重角色，且各行政區因歷史、環境或文化等因素，嚴然為另一個台灣縮影，與其他縣市相比也較具代表性，因此本研究使用2009至2015年新北市追蹤資料來作迴歸分析，探討消防概念因素(例如:工廠消防檢查次數等4項)、人口及區域概念因素(例如:大學以上教育人口比例等6項)與工廠火災指標【例如:火災發生件數、人員傷(亡)數量、火災件數/列管工廠數量比】關係。 在實證結果內，並扣除掉部分因素可能有內生性影響後，顯示「消防專用蓄水池」、「工廠消防檢查次數」及「老化指數」【(65歲以上年底人口數／0-14歲年底人口數)x100為代表】3項，有影響工廠火災指標。其中消防專用蓄水池與此地區有無發生工廠火災呈負相關，但與老化指數呈正相關。其次發現，消防安檢次數與工廠火災件數呈負相關。最後，工廠火災件數與工廠數量比，和老化指數呈正相關。 / According to the yearly fire report in Taiwan, factory fire has accounted for the highest proportion, and also cause lots of people and firefighters’ casualties. Therefore, it is necessary to separate factory fire from normal building fire cases, and use related data to analyze and discuss independently. New taipei city has a large territory, which including the largest population and highest number of factories in Taiwan, therefore, this study applied New Taipei city panel data from 2009 to 2015 to perform regression analysis,and explore the influence of concept fire factors, population, and conceptual regional factors on the index of factory fire. According to the research, after deducting the suspected endogenous problems, the result shows that fire water reservoir, factory fire safety inspection, and aging index 【(population age number of 65 years above / number of 0-14 years old )X100 】will have influence on factory fire index. Fire water reservoir have an inversely relationship with factory fire within the area, however, the aging index is proportional to factory fire. Second, the increasing number of fire safety inspection will reduce factory fire. finally , the number of factory fire is proportional to the number of factory and aging index.

The dissertation deals with the road accident interventions carried out by Fire fighting units and emphasizes average adjustments as well as the problems of forensic engineering. Within the Southern Moravia region, it analyses the statistical data of the Fire Rescue Brigade of the Czech Republic with relation to the road accident interventions, and it analyses the position of the individual units of the Fire Rescue Brigade of the Southern Moravia in the above system. The dissertation discusses relation between the forensic engineering and the Fire Rescue Brigade of Czech Republic and stresses the possibilities of cooperation.