Title of thesis: The effect of manual therapy on visual acuity. Goal: The main goal is to present theoretical facts about manual eye therapy, to examine the effect of manual therapy of oculomotor muscles on selected parameters: visual acuity, subjective evaluation using a questionnaire and eye muscle pain in patients with refractive errors and eye accommodation disorders. Methods: The research was completed by 20 patients with refractive errors and eye accommodation disorders, from aged 18 to 55 years. An initial and subsequent treatment and exit examination and of eye muscles with the help of manual techniques, in particular, reciprocal inhibition and mobilization of eyeball were performed. The initial examination was performed by an optometrist, who assessed visual acuity by using an Autorefractometr, Snellen optotype and Red-green test test. After than was performed the subjective evaluation questionnaire, then was performed palpation assessment of attachments of eye muscles. Palpation pain proband evaluated using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale.The resulting data were processed using statistical software R. A paired t-test was used to calculate p-values. Statistical significance was assessed at the critical significance level of 0.05 and 0.01. Results: Our measurement did not show a statically...

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is characterized by a three-dimensional curve within the spine thus creating asymmetries within the trunk. In addition to modifying the trunk geometry, these structural asymmetries change the location of the center of mass. Gait patterns in people with AIS may possibly be altered on the basis of these structural changes. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in gait kinematics and kinetics as well as left-right symmetry as a function of the severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Forty-five girls divided into a control group, a mild-to-moderate AIS group and a severe AIS group participated in data collection. Gait analysis included bilateral kinematic and kinetic measurements. The maximal joint ranges of motion at the ankle, knee, hip and trunk-pelvis were analyzed. Maxima and minima in the antero-posterior, medio-lateral and vertical components of ground reaction force (GRF) were compared between the three groups as well as the median frequencies obtained from a frequency spectrum analysis of GRF. A symmetry index was computed between the primary curve side and the contralateral side for each kinematic and kinetic variable. Both AIS groups differed from controls in their range of motion at the ankle and at the knee but for the AIS group with severe curves, this was also observed at the hip. Both local maxima in the vertical component and the maximum of the antero-posterior component of the ground reaction force were decreased while the local minimum of the vertical component and the antero-posterior component of GRF increased in the severe AIS group compared to the control group. Higher median frequency contents in the antero-posterior and vertical component of ground reaction force were found in the AIS groups than in controls. No difference in asymmetry was found in any of the variables between all groups. These results seem to indicate that severe AIS participants have a more altered gait pattern than the mild-to-moderate AIS group. Findings from this study point toward greater changes in kinematics and kinetics during stance between all AIS groups and the control group.

Introduction The length of a muscle has been described as one of the factors contributing to the ideal movement at a joint. A decrease in the length of a muscle results in a decrease in the range of motion at the joint in direct relation to the function of that specific muscle. M Latissimus Dorsi is a muscle which undergoes length changes (loss of extensibility) and this muscle has a functional role in many aspects of sport and rehabilitation. The loss of extensibility may result in a decreased range of motion at the glenohumeral joint leading to dysfunction. Evidence-based practise requires the use of objective, valid and reliable tests for measuring the length of a muscle. No scientific evidence of reliability for any documented technique testing the length of m Latissimus Dorsi (LD) was found. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of a technique adapted by Commerford and Mottram (2012) for assessing the length of LD. Study design The design of the study is a within-participant test-retest non-experimental quantitative study for reliability purposes Method Fifty-six volunteering students recruited from the Physiotherapy Department of the University of Pretoria were the participants in this study. Four qualified physiotherapists with varying numbers of years of clinical experience independently performed the test for assessing the length of LD. The test was performed twice by each physiotherapist on every participant and two measurement sessions were done. A pilot study was also done. Data Analysis and conclusion A sample of 56 participants provided an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of less than 0.9 and this is regarded as poor reliability. The agreement between each rater and the differences in the two levels of experience of raters were also assessed. The ICC was used to determine the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of the LD length test. A 0.05 level of significance was employed. The ICC between the experienced raters was found to be 0.48 with a novice rater ICC of 0.48 as well. The ICC between all the raters was 0.33. This constitutes poor reliability. The poor reliability of the technique testing the length of LD was identified and addressed in order for adequate usage thereof, in research and in practice. Recommendations of a new technique to test the length of LD was provided by the researcher. A suggestion was made regarding a manner of testing its reliability. / Dissertation (MPhysT)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / Physiotherapy / MPhysT / Unrestricted

Inledning: Stretching ökar rörelseförmågan över leden och har visats vara skadeförebyggande och en viktig del i rehabilitering. Rörligheten tros öka genom förlängning av kontraktil vävnad, ökad stretch-tolerans och anpassningar kopplade till aktivering av motoriska områden i hjärnan. Överföringseffekten innebär att den otränade (kontralaterala) extremiteten drar nytta av färdigheter som den tränade (unilaterala) extremiteten utvecklar något som kan ha stor nytta vid långvarig unilateral immobilisering. Syftet: Syftet med studien var att undersöka överföringseffekten från dynamisk- respektive statisk unilateral rörlighetsträning av hamstringsmusklatur till kontralateral sida efter två veckors intervention, samt jämföra effekterna däremellan. Metod: Fyra deltagare inkluderades och fördelades slumpmässigt mellan de två interventionerna. En grupp, deltagare 2 och 3, utförde unilateraldynamisk rörlighetsträning och den andra gruppen, deltagare 1 och 4, utförde unilateralstatisk rörlighetsträning. Rörligheten i hamstringsmuskulatur mättes med passive straight legraise (PSLR) och aktiv knäextension (AKE) innan och efter två veckors intervention. Resultat: Deltagare 1 och 2 visade en överföringseffekt på 6,4-11,3% vid mätning av AKE. Deltagare 2 visade en överföringseffekt på 6,3% vid mätning av PSLR. Deltagare 3 visade en minskning med 8% på kontralaterala benet vid mätning av PSLR. För övriga utfall visade deltagarna en förändring av rörligheten på ±3 grader. Diskussion: Överföringseffekt observerades vid hälften av utfallen och till största del vid mätning av AKE, utan skillnad mellan statisk och dynamisk rörlighetsträning. Tänkbar mekanism är en kombination av ökad stretch-tolerans och neurala adaptioner mellan hjärnbark, muskel och muskelspole. Konklusion: En viss överföringseffekt efter rörlighetsträning kan ej uteslutas men studier med fler deltagare behövs för att bekräfta resultatet av denna pilotstudie.

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Background: Compression Tissue Flossing (CTF) is getting more and more popular. However, it is still unclear about the usability and function of CTF. Objective: The main objective was to investigate the current evidence on the function and usability of CTF by doing a systematic review. Methods: A PRISMA checklist was used to write this systematic review. Inclusion criteria; studies that examined CTF and its different effects published 2013-2021. The exclusion criteria were studies that were not published in English. The information sources used in this systematic review was done on PubMed and EBSCO (MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus) and as hand research. The methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale and the AMSTAR. The method used to present the results is by organized tables where the study results are shown.   Results: A total of 25 articles was included in the review. A total of 509 participants (mean age 22,6) was included. The average physiotherapy database score was 56% (range= 18,1%-81,8%). 15 studies were considered as high quality, 10 as low quality. Compression Tissue Flossing showed many different significant effects as increased range of motion, countermovement jump, rate of force development, increased torque, jump height, jump velocity, reduced muscle contraction time, and perception of flexibility. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that compression tissue flossing has a good potential to be used in different contexts of sports performance/medicine. More studies are needed to validate the use of different floss bands and use them in bigger epidemiological settings as it right now seems to lack in its consistency depending on the pressure and application.