Thesis. (M. Tech. (Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering))--Vaal University of Technology, 2011 / In the past thirty years there has been a rapid deterioration of the road network in South Africa. As an attempt to address this challenge, a study was conducted on R34 between Vrede and Bothmas Pass Border. The aim of the study was to develop a pavement management system for road network maintenance to serve as a decision support tool to assist to improve the efficiency of making decisions, provide feedback as to the consequences of these decisions, ensure consistency of decisions made at different levels and improve the effectiveness of all decisions in terms of efficiency of results. The study focused on developing and testing pavement management system for road network maintenance. Consequently, visual condition inspections, non-destructive and semi-destructive tests were conducted on the field, data acquired, processed and analysed in accordance with guidelines stipulated in the Draft Technical Recommendations for Highways (TRH) 22 in order to draw conclusions. The data acquired included the surfacing assessments, structural assessments, functional assessments, traffic surveys, riding quality, falling weight deflectometer, mechanical rutting, material investigations and dynamic cone penetration. After analysis of the data, visual condition index was then calculated to be 40%. Visual condition index was then used to determine the action required towards rehabilitating the road. After consultation with guidelines contained in the TRH22, it was concluded that the pavement treatment needed for the road was Rehabilitation. It was then concluded that PMS developed would provide key performance indicators to assist with decision support system and that it is also suitable for road network applications ranging from national roads, provincial roads, regional or district arterial and collector / distributor networks in SA. The municipalities and other road maintenance agencies were then recommended to utilise the “easy to use” developed pavement management system as a decision support tool in their maintenance programmes.

Detta är ett examensarbete på kandidatnivå på Lantmätarprogrammet med ekonomiskoch juridisk inriktning vid Högskolan i Gävle. Arbetet utförs på initiativ ochuppdrag av Riksförbundet Enskilda Vägar och handlar om ledningsrätt i enskild väg.Målet med studien är att utreda om samfällighetsföreningar har intressen och rättighetersom faller utanför lantmäteriförrättningen, identifiera orsaken samt ge konkretalösningsförslag. För att uppfylla studiens mål har följande frågeställningar formulerats:Hur upplåts ledningsrätt i praktiken inom en enskild väg som förvaltas av en samfällighetsförening? samt Har samfällighetsföreningar intressen, som borde beaktas, som fallerutanför ledningsrättsförrättningen? För att besvara ovanstående frågeställningar har intervjuer genomförts med RiksförbundetEnskilda Vägar, Lantmäteriet, ledningsägare samt en samfällighetsförening.Det har även sammanfattats ett antal förrättningsakter och rättsfall som varit av betydelseför studien. Det som kunde konstateras utifrån resultatet och diskussionen var att även fast ledningsrättutförs korrekt i praktiken innebär det inte att brister inte kan förekomma.Detta tros bero på bland annat de överenskommelser som kan ligga till grund förmånga ledningsrätter. Vidare kunde slutsatsen dras att de bestämmelser och standarddokumentsom används i ledningsrättsbesluten inte är anpassade utefter enskildavägar, vilket gör att några av samfällighetsföreningarnas intressen faller utanför förrättningen.Till exempel finns inga strikta bestämmelser kring ledningsrättens placering,återställning av vägen, hur arbetet bör utföras eller någon form av trafikanordningsplan.Detta bör åtgärdas genom att utbilda förrättningslantmätare i hur de börbemöta enskilda väghållare samt anpassade standarddokument och bestämmelser utefterenskilda vägar. Förslagsvis genom ett samarbete mellan Lantmäteriet och RiksförbundetEnskilda Vägar. / This is a bachelor thesis at the Study Programme in Land Management with financialand legal focus at the University of Gävle. This study is on the initiative and missionof the Swedish private road association, in Swedish Riksförbundet Enskilda Vägar, andis about the utility easement in private roads. The aim of this study is to investigatewhether joint road management associations has interests and rights that’s not consideredin the utility easement procedure, identify the cause and give concrete solutionsto the problem. In order to fulfill the objectives of the study, the followingquestions have been formulated: How is utility easement actually established within a privateroad that is managed by a joint road management association? and Do joint road managementassociations have interests, that should be taken into consideration, that’s not attendedin the utility easement procedure? In order to answer the questions above, interviews have been conducted with theSwedish private road association, the National Land Survey authority, owners ofutilities and a joint road management association. Several cadastral dossiers and legaldocuments, which has been of importance for the study, has also been summarized. What could be ascertained based on the results and the discussion was that eventhough the utility easement procedure is carried out correctly in practice, it doesnot mean that deficiencies cannot occur. This is believed to be due, among otherthings, to the agreement that the utility easement right is based. Furthermore, itcould be concluded that the regulations and standard documents used in the utilityorder are not adapted according to private roads, which means that some of the jointroad management association's interests are not considered in the utility easementprocedure. For example, there are no strict regulations regarding the location of theutility easement, restoration of the road, how the work should be carried out orsome sort of planning for the traffic during the utility construction. This should beremedied by educating the cadastral surveyors in how they should pay regard to privateroad owners as well as adapting the standard documents and regulations to privateroads. Suggested through a collaboration between the National Land Survey authoritiesand the Swedish private road association.

This doctoral thesis deals primarily with condition assessment of road equipment. The road equipment concept is defined by five main groups, road lighting, fences and barriers, vertical signs, horizontal signs and traffic signals, respectively. Of these groups, road markings, street lighting and barriers of three-lane roads have been studied more in detail. A state-of-the-art, comprising information obtained by comprehensive literature studies on condition assessment of road equipment is presented. Comparably few fundamental studies were found, which, to some degree, can be explained by the lack of suitable physical measurement methods. However, in the case of road marking retroreflectivity, mobile instruments have been developed, and research published in this area is relatively comprehensive. Furthermore, although not based on mobile measurements, several studies on assessments on performance of road sign sheeting have been published. The experimental part of the thesis is divided into four studies, of which two are dealing with mobile measurement of wet road markings and street lighting, respectively. One of the studies concerns condition assessment of road marking performance accomplished in the Nordic countries. Finally, one study comprises risk analysis related to crashes into the barriers on three-lane roads. At road equipment condition assessment, mobile measurement methods are preferable compared to stationary methods. However, many relevant parameters are tricky to measure at speed. One example in this connection is characterization of performance of wet road markings, which has to be based on one or more parameters obtained by measurements on dry surfaces. Results presented in this thesis indicate that retroreflectivity and skid resistance of wet road markings can be predicted based on retroreflectivity and macro-texture of dry road marking. For traffic safety, street lighting is important. The performance of this type of road equipment is in most cases described in terms of luminance of the illuminated road surface. However, luminance measurements are tricky and time-consuming and not useful for condition assessment. On the contrary, measurement of illuminance is easy to carry out and can be performed at speed. One part of the thesis describes how road surface luminance in street lighting can be estimated based on illuminance and reflection properties of the road surface. With the purpose of comparing road marking performance in the Nordic countries, condition assessment using mobile measurement equipment was accomplished in 2002 and 2003. In each of the five Nordic countries, a number of roads were chosen for measuring retroreflectivity. The study showed that the retroreflectivity of edge, centre and lane lines was poor in some countries, but, at least regarding edge lines, this shortcoming could be compensated by use of wide, continuous lines. In other words, the visibility of longitudinal road markings was approximately equal in the different countries. The purpose of the risk analysis performed on three-lane road barriers was to estimate the influence of the time-period between initial crash and repair on the risk of a secondary accident. The result showed that, especially in winter-time, time-reduction means reduced risk of secondary accidents. / QC 20100824

Chevron pavement markings have seen rising interest in the United States as a means to reduce speeds at high-speed locations and improve safety performance. In Atlanta, there are two freeway-to-freeway ramps where chevron markings are being used. A previous study analyzed before-and-after speed data at these ramps and found only a modest reduction on overall vehicle speeds. However, a cursory crash analysis indicated that the ramps had crash reductions of over 60%, suggesting that safety benefits exist even though vehicle speeds are not significantly affected. This research aims to evaluate the safety performance of chevron markings on the two ramps in Atlanta, GA in order to quantify the potential impact of the treatment on safety and to understand the mechanism by which the treatment influences safety. This thesis begins with a literature review covering topics in human factors in safety, past uses of different types of pavement markings, and methods in using crash databases and police reports in accident studies. Next, the thesis presents an in-depth before and after analysis of crash data from crash databases and police reports provided by the Georgia Department of Transportation. And finally, the thesis concludes with a summary of findings and a discussion of further research needs. The results verified that there were 73% and 61% crash reductions in the two study ramps. Chevron markings appear to have benefitted all types of crashes and that they are possibly serving as a warning to drivers of potential upcoming hazards. Unavailability of a number of police reports and errors in crash databases were limitations to this study, and ultimately, new sites should be selected carefully and further studies need to be performed to better understand the treatment's benefits.

Šiame magistro darbe išanalizuota Lietuvos eismo įvykių apskaitos sistema, sudaryta iš duomenų rinkimo, įvedimo ir teikimo proceso, kurį atlieka policijos įstaigų darbuotojai. Darbe išsamiai išnagrinėti Lietuvos norminiai dokumentai, reglamentuojantys eismo įvykių apskaitos procesą. Analizės rezultatams apibendrinti yra skurti pirminių veiksmų, duomenų pasiskirstymo ir teikimo bei ikiteisminio tyrimo medžiagos panaudojimo grafiniai modeliai. Taip pat išsamiai išnagrinėtas Europos Sąjungoje atliekamas eismo įvykių apskaitos procesas. Darbe pateiktas eismo įvykių duomenų apskaitos programinės sistemos detalus vertinimas su rekomendacijomis, kaip patobulinti sistemą siekiant užtikrinti išsamesnius, tikslesnius oficialios statistikos eismo įvykių duomenis. Baigiamojo darbo apimtis – 81 psl. teksto be priedų, 19 lentelių ir 13 paveikslų. / In this Master Thesis analysis of Lithuanian road accident management system, which consists data collecting, adding and provision process have been done. Lithuanian normative documents which governs road accident management process are purely explored in this Master Thesis. To generalize analysis results have been created primary respond, data distribution and provision, data usage of pre-trial process graphical models. Also a part of the work reveals detailed analysis of accident data management of European Union countries. In this paper is provided detailed evaluation of road accident data management software system and recommendations to ensure more detailed road accidents data of official statistics by improving system. Master Thesis consists of 81 pages pure text without appendixes, 19 tables and 13 pictures.

In recent years, accidents between trucks and other vehicles have decreased while accidents be-tween trucks and vulnerable road-users have increased. The reason for this is unknown, which is why this Master’s Thesis project was initiated. The project is a co-operation between two students from two different universities, LTU and KTH, done for Volvo GTT in Gothenburg. A user study containing interviews and co-rides has been executed with truck drivers in the Gothenburg area during the autumn of 2017. A survey was also sent to different organizations for cyclists, motorcyclists, car drivers and to Facebook groups for the two universities. Critical situations mentioned by the truck drivers were chosen with the help of the survey answers from other road-users. Right hand turns with a truck that crosses a bike lane and intersections with a zebra crossing were the situations the project focused on, based on the Volvo Trucks Safety Report 2017 which stated those situations as the most dangerous. Serious accidents occurring when a truck turns right is when vulnerable road-users end up under the truck’s back wheels, which cuts corners. This made the project focus on trying to find a solution that could reduce this type of accident. The project also concentrated on increasing the commu-nication at intersections, based on the survey comments where it became clear that eye contact is insufficient, which led to focus on communication between trucks and fellow road-user instead. Through benchmarking, literature reviews and idea generation the final concept solution was cre-ated and developed after a workshop. The final concept solution is a turning projection that visualizes the dangerous area when a truck is turning and a light matrix in the front grille for increasing the understanding, visually, of the truck driver’s intentions of slowing down or speeding up. The final concept solution contains a zebra crossing projection in the front of the truck to facilitate the communication today, and in the future to even replace eye contact and gestures done between truck driver and fellow road-users at crossings. Further development of the concept solution includes choices and adaption of available technology and research concerning legislation for color usage on lights and projections to the front and sides of the trucks.

This master thesis focuses on the analysis of critical points on the road in České Budějovice region. The aim is to suggest organizational and engineering solutions that have an impact on traffic safety in selected sections of road .

More than a million people die every year due to road traffic accidents globally where one in five serious or fatal accidents occurs during severe weather conditions. Sweden is in the lead of Vision Zero, with the aim of zero casualties due to road traffic, and every year new countries and organisations accept the challenge of saving lives. Early studies have shown that one way of decreasing casualties is to implement floating car data (FCD), which is data obtained from connected road vehicles. One example of such an implementation is to gather knowledge about the current state of the road network enabling targeted winter road maintenance. By implementing FCD for winter road maintenance, besides creating safer roads, savings will be made for the environment by reducing the use of fossil fuels and salt. Since the fleet of road vehicles is going towards being fully autonomous, the volumes of FCD will increase rapidly generating new possibilities for FCD usage. Recent research regarding FCD has mainly focused on traffic flow, speed and route optimisation, together with general methods for FCD mining creating intelligent transport systems. Studies have also been made to cover the gap between road weather information systems (RWIS) monitoring the road condition and thereby improving road weather forecasts. But there is a need for research regarding the implementation of FCD at a level of action, closer to the road users improving winter road maintenance. Presented in this thesis are results gathered in the project Digital Winter, a project initiated by the Swedish Traffic Administration, where FCD regarding tire-to-road friction has been procured for all public roads in Sweden. Results show promising numbers regarding coverage and reliability for implementation of FCD for winter road maintenance follow-up, managing that assigned levels of road friction are achieved. Examples are given for different areas in Sweden where harsh weather conditions are detected and statistics show coverage of FCD both at a daily and hourly level. Multiple suppliers of FCD have been participating in Digital Winter and the measurements presented, show a correlation between suppliers of FCD and methods that today are approved for winter road maintenance follow-up in Sweden. But also that the friction measured using FCD is closer to the true road friction experienced by road users.

This is a study of local roads in two villages in the interior of Småland to see how much of the older road network can be found by studying maps from the 19th century, today's digital maps with height shading and Fornsök's map service. The introduction will be a review of other people's studies and their results that are used to be able to answer three questions.1- How to distinguish older roads from newer ones?2 -Which method can be used to determine the age of roads using maps?3 -How can you distinguish older hiking trails or other guides in map material?Throughout the texts show that ancient monuments are often close to older roads and that our roads today go the same routes as before. Locally in the villages, the rural roads are fewer today than what is seen on the oldest map from 1814 and to get a grip on changes and events, a method used by Kalle Måhl used in Gotland villages will be used together with Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger phenomenology archaeological theory. The theory is based on the fact that we have the same spatial perception based on bodily experiences in terms of direction and scale. The method means that you look at today's roads and compare them with the 1843 map in my case, note changes and compare these with the older map from 1814. With facts from Fornsök, you can analyze the changes and get a result. The result in this case with Bodaryd, Uggleryd and their road network is that they existed at least in 1549 as two farms and that the emerging villages were split by law change 1814-1843 with a number of scattered farms and several smaller settlements in the forests that today only exist as ancient finds in Fornsök. In addition, the connection between a registered hollow road and the rural roads has been established, however, there is only a theoretical connection to an unregistered hollow road that is without connections on the maps.

No description available.