Several research projects all over the world have considered transport pricing measures and policies as promising attempts to solve urgent traffic problems in urban areas. One important precondition for the successful implementation of pricing strategies is public acceptability. However, empirical findings have shown that the acceptability of such strategies in general is very low. Aim of this dissertation is to analyse the reasons for the low acceptability of road pricing. The dissertation is organized as follows: Firstly, the problems related to transport and the measures to cope with these problems are outlined. The focus is thereby on economic measures such as road user fees, whose economic and traffic-related assumptions are discussed. Then, a definition of the terms used is given and main European results concerning the current acceptability level of various travel demand management (TDM) strategies are reported. Moreover, a theoretical framework is developed which attempts to identify the essential factors determining transport pricing acceptability. In two empirical studies (N1 = 923, N2 = 667), it is investigated whether and to what extent these factors contribute to the explanation of acceptability. Finally, conclusions are drawn and some recommendations for future research are given. / Straßenbenutzungsgebühren für den privaten Autoverkehr sind vielfach als sinnvoll und wünschenswert vor allem zur Lösung der zahlreichen Verkehrsprobleme in städtischen Ballungsräumen begründet worden. Bisher ist es jedoch nicht zu einer nennenswerten Umsetzung dieser Maßnahmen gekommen. Es herrscht in der Literatur Einigkeit, daß die geringe Akzeptanz von Straßenbenutzungsgebühren in der Bevölkerung und die deutliche Ablehnung bei den betroffenen Autofahrern die wesentlichen Gründe für den fehlenden politischen Willen sind, road pricing einzuführen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Ursachen und Bedingungen für die mangelnde Akzeptanz von Straßenbenutzungsgebühren bei den betroffenen Autofahrern zu untersuchen. Die Arbeit ist wie folgt aufgebaut: Im ersten Abschnitt wird die Ausgangslage und der Problemhintergrund dargestellt. Es wird erläutert, welche negativen Konsequenzen des motorisierten Individualverkehrs vorliegen, und mit welchen Maßnahmen ihnen begegnet werden kann. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf preispolitischen Maßnahmen wie Straßenbenutzungsgebühren, dessen ökonomische und verkehrswissenschaftliche Annahmen dargestellt werden. Dem gegenübergestellt wird die gesellschaftspolitische Realität: zum einen in Form der massiven Ablehnung von Straßenbenutzungsgebühren durch Bevölkerung und betroffene Autofahrer und zum anderen in Form der zahlreichen, erfolglosen und gescheiterten Versuche, Straßenbenutzungsgebühren einzuführen. Dies mündet in die Ableitung erster Forschungsfragen und in die Entwicklung des Untersuchungsansatzes. Im darauf folgenden Abschnitt werden die theoretischen Grundlagen zur Untersuchung der Akzeptanz von Straßenbenutzungsgebühren gelegt. Dabei wird zunächst geklärt, wie sich der Begriff "Akzeptanz" definieren läßt und in welche relevanten psychologischen Theorien er sich einordnet. Im Anschluß wird das Modell zur Akzeptanz von Schlag vorgestellt und analysiert. Darauf aufbauend werden die zentralen Variablen des Modells auf ihre theoretische und empirische Relevanz und unter Berücksichtigung potentiell konkurrierender Ansätze dargestellt und untersucht. Ziel ist die Klärung der logischen und kausalen Struktur des Modells und der Beziehungen der Variablen untereinander. Dies führt schließlich in die Ableitung überprüfbarer Hypothesen in Form eines erweiterten Akzeptanzmodells. Zur Überprüfung des Modells, der aufgestellten Hypothesen und Forschungsfragen werden zwei Untersuchungen berichtet (N1 = 923, N2 = 667), die inhaltlich aufeinander aufbauen. Diese wurden im Rahmen der EU-Forschungsprojekte TransPrice und AFFORD durchgeführt. Generelles Ziel ist die Validierung der Modellkonstrukte und ihrer angenommenen Beziehungen. Im letzten Abschnitt werden zusammenfassend und basierend auf den beiden Studien die wesentlichen Ergebnisse rekapituliert, sowie offene Forschungsfragen und Anforderungen abgeleitet, die sich zukünftigen Studien stellen. Schließlich wird diskutiert, welche Implikationen sich aus dieser Untersuchung ziehen lassen und welche Aspekte zu berücksichtigen sind, wenn Straßenbenutzungsgebühren der Öffentlichkeit präsentiert werden. - Die Druckexemplare enthalten jeweils eine CD-ROM als Anlagenteil: 490 KB - Nutzung: Referat Informationsvermittlung der SLUB

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Stora investeringar kommer ske inom den svenska infrastrukturen de närmaste åren vilket skapar möjligheter för entreprenadföretag att expandera. För att generera god lönsamhet för företaget är effektiva processer önskvärt. Det kan uppnås genom att tillgängliga resurser nyttjas på bästa sätt samtidigt som slöseriet i processen är minimalt. Studien fokuserar på egenkontroller av anläggningsbranschen och vägprojekt eftersom det idag är ett relativt outforskat område. Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka kvalitetsäkringsprocessen för vägentreprenader med fokus på entreprenörens egenkontroll. Detta för att ge insikt om processen för att identifiera utmaningar och slöseri. I studien utreds fallföretagets egenkontrollsprocess för vägprojekt. Studien är explorativ för att samla kunskap inom ett specifikt område. Forskningsansatsen är av induktiv karaktär eftersom studien utgår från observationer i verkligheten och försöker utforma en teori om hur slöseriet i egenkontrollsprocessen kan hanteras och minimeras. Litteraturstudie tillämpas för att ge ökad förståelse för området samt ge teoretisk grund för analysen. Datainsamlingsmetoderna som nyttjats för studien är intervjuer och sekundärdata från fallföretagets intranät. Studien klarlägger att entreprenörens skyldigheter av egenkontroll beror på vilka krav beställaren ställer på kvalitetssäkring. En vanligt förekommande utmaning för entreprenören är att kraven är fördelade i ett stort antal dokument, vilket gör det svårt att lokalisera och samla alla krav. Kraven innefattar exempelvis kontrollernas intervall, kontrollmetod och dokumentation. Studien visar att slöseri i form av väntan, överarbetning eller bristande bearbetning, onödiga arbetsmoment, defekter samt outnyttjad potential hos anställda förekommer i planerings- och produktionsskedet av egenkontrollsprocessen för vägentreprenader. Orsakerna till slöseriet bedöms vara av både extern och intern karaktär. God planering är en viktig nyckel för att arbeta smartare och förenkla processen vilket leder till frigörelse av resurser som kan nyttjas till andra arbetsuppgifter. En viktig påföljd av god planering är att kvalitetssäkringen är strukturerad och tydligt planerad innan produktionen startar på projektet, vilket bör bidra till att alla på arbetsplatsen vet hur det arbetet ska ske. Åtgärdsförslaget till fallföretaget är uppdelat i fyra kategorier: öka flexibiliteten, öka transparensen för processen, förenkla och strukturera samt slutligen ökad erfarenhetsåterföring. Rekommendationen för fallföretaget är att prioritera planeringsfasen av egenkontrollerna för att skapa mallar och kontroller som gör nytta. Rekommendationen för branschen mer generellt är att myndigheter och institutioner aktivt ska arbeta för att minimera slöseriet i sina egna processer för att se till att de inte genererar slöseri som förekommer i alla projekt oavsett entreprenör. Vidare är rekommendationen att utreda hur egenkontroll kan tillämpas på ett effektivare sätt med hög tillförlitlighet, eller om det finns något alternativ till egenkontroll som är fördelaktigare. / Major investments will be made in the Swedish infrastructure in the next few years, which creates opportunities for construction companies to expand. To generate good profitability for the company, efficient processes are desirable. It can be achieved by making the best use of available resources while minimizing waste in the process. This study focuses on self-inspections of the construction industry and road projects since it today is a relatively unexplored area.    The purpose of the degree project is to investigate the quality assurance process for road projects with a focus on the contractor's self-inspection. This is to provide insight into the process to identifying challenges and waste. The study investigates the case company's self-inspection process for road projects. The study is exploratory to gather knowledge in a specific area. The research approach is of an inductive nature because the study is based on observations, trying to formulate a theory of how waste in the self-control process can be handled and minimized. The literature study provides an increased understanding of the area and a theoretical basis for the analysis. The data collection methods used for the study are interviews and secondary data from the case company's intranet. The study clarifies that the contractor's obligations of self-inspection depend on the customer's requirements of quality assurance. A common challenge for the contractor is that the requirements are distributed in a large number of documents, which makes it difficult to locate and collect all requirements. The requirements include, for example, the intervals of the inspections, inspection method and documentation. The study shows that waste in the form of waiting, extra-processing or lack of processing, unnecessary work steps, defects and unused potential in employees occurs in the planning and production phase of the self-inspection process for road projects. The causes of the waste are assessed to be of both external and internal nature. Good planning is an important key to working smarter and simplifying the process, which leads to the release of resources that can be used for other activities. An important consequence of good planning is that the quality assurance is structured and clearly planned before production starts, which should give everyone on the workplace information on how the work should be performed. The proposed actions for the case company are divided into four categories: increase flexibility, increase transparency of the process, simplify and structure and finally, increase possibilities for a lessons learned process. The recommendation for the case company is to prioritize the planning phase of the self-inspections to create templates and inspections that are useful. The recommendation for the industry more generally, is that authorities and institutions should actively work to minimize waste in their own processes to ensure that they do not generate waste that occurs in all projects regardless of contractor. Furthermore, the recommendation is to investigate how self-inspection can be applied in a more efficient way with higher reliability, or if there is an alternative to self-inspection that is more advantageous.

This diploma thesis deals with the processing of complex transport solutions in the interest area of the city of Kuřim on the existing road I/43 in the Section Česká – Podlesí – Kuřim. Thus, the proposal for an adjustment of this road takes into account all modes of transport. Transit trafic or target car transport, public transport and also transport in terms of local ties. The design is processed in 4 variants, the difference being mainly in the size of the modifications to the existing road I/43. Subsequently one variant was selected for more detailed completion. This is a design solution in the 2 + 1 arrangement with interchanges of Podlesí and Kuřim – east. The proposed solution does not prevent the planned implementation of the D43 motorway.

The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of taxes in international road transport of goods. The thesis explains the basic concepts and selected taxes that are relevant from the point of view of the international transport of goods. The first part of the thesis defines the essential theoretical basis. The analytical part deals with selected legal legislation of tax aspects related to the international road transport of goods. In the part of the proposals, on the basis of the acquired knowledge, a methodical guideline for companies engaged in the international road transport of goods is compiled. The proposed methodical guideline is subsequently applied to the chosen company.

The Diploma Thesis is focused on the analysis of a traffic situation in the territory of the town of Hranice. The work is based on information about the level of automativity, accident rate and own analysis and measurements. Based on the detected facts, 3 problem sites were indentified, which were subjected to a road safety inspection. Possible risks that could lead to a traffic accident were identified. For each risk, a measure have been proposed to improve road safety or to eliminate the risk completely.

The subject of these graduation thesis is a draft of adaptation the existing indented intersection of roads I/50 and II/416 in Slavkov u Brna. Thesis include design of construction work intersection, which was made on the basis of direction research actual state and consequent capacitance calculation.

This diploma thesis focuses on the traffic situation in the town of Litovel in the Olomouc Region. Analysis of transport modes, especially road transport, cycling transport, parking and a proposal of their optimization, is the content of this thesis. The first part of the thesis describes the current traffic situation in the town of Litovel, the determination of traffic load according to the Nationwide Traffic Census and the degree of automation as per public databases operated by authorities of the state administration of the Czech Republic. Furthermore, the thesis deals with localities of frequent accident rates, the determination of their risks leading to traffic accidents, and it proposes measures to improve the comfort and safety of road users. In the chapters devoted to parking in various areas of the town, divided according to their functional use, the deficiencies of parking spots are discovered and subsequently their optimal solutions are elaborated. The last part of this thesis deals with cycle routes in the town, it searches for specific places with imperfections and the concept of their solution.

The aim of the diploma‘s thesis is the project of relaying of road II/150 between Domaželice village and the town of Bystřice pod Hostýnem. The road continues on to the bypass of Čechy village and Domaželice village. This bypass is under construction at this time. Relaying of road II/150 is connected on project of Bystřice pod Hostýnem bypass. The connection of the existing and intended roads is designed. The project includes the accompanying report, the drawing part and the photodocumentation. The project is drawning up in two programs called Bentley Inroads and AutoCAD according to valid standards.

Diploma thesis Selected measurements of the motion of bicycles – braking and ridein the curve analyses problematic manoeuvres of bicycle riders according to the most typical accidents including bikes. There will be given statistics of bikers´ participation on accident amount that happened within last few years. The measurements of bicycles moving around bands of specific radiuses as a situation of most bicycle accidents will be described in the next part of this thesis. There will be also specified the values of average bicycle speeds when driving in curves with various radiuses according to types of bicycles, sex and experiences of the riders and will be an output of this thesis. Further on there will be measurements of braking in the direct line on various surfaces with different types of bikes and different brakes used.